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The article presents a study which reported the outbreaks of sawfly larval poisoning (SLP) in cattle and provided a review of the literature regarding SLP around the world. SLP is described as an acute hepatotoxicosis documented in livestock in Australia, Denmark, and in South American countries. Species of sawfly that are reportedly involved in the toxicosis are discussed. D-amino acid-containing peptides were found to be the toxic principle in each sawfly involved in SLP. The octapeptide lophyrotomin is said to be the major toxin in the larvae of Australian and Danish sawflies.