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Tobacco use via water pipe (commonly referred to as water-pipe smoking [WPS]) is popular among young adults globally and exposes those who smoke to toxicants.

To determine if AKAP13 interacts with the VDR to alter vitamin D-dependent signaling in fibroid cells. Uterine leiomyoma (fibroids) are characterized by a fibrotic extracellular matrix (ECM) and are associated with vitamin D deficiency. Treatment with vitamin D (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3) reduced fibroid growth and ECM gene expression. A-kinase Anchoring Protein 13 (AKAP13) is overexpressed in fibroids and interacts with nuclear hormone receptors, but it is not known whether AKAP13 might interact with the vitamin D receptor (VDR) to affect vitamin D signaling in fibroids.