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This study aims to conduct a bibliometric analysis of existing literature on crowding in tourist destinations and its effects, thereby recognizing areas for further research. The authors evaluated 421 Scopus-indexed documents related to the subject of crowding. This study involved analysing the annual publications on the topic and the past trends to suggest solutions for better management of the destinations in the future. The results reveal a noticeable rise in the academic literature on crowding, especially about popular tourist destinations. The findings also indicate that unmonitored tourism and subsequent media coverage have significantly contributed to this upswing in scholarly work. The problem of crowding disappeared for a short period during the COVID-19 pandemic. This research note explores a possible solution to the problem to be utilised in the future and comments on the changing nature of the psychological concept after COVID-19. This study offers a comprehensive review of the current state of research on crowding, thereby helping to guide future research in this area. Moreover, it underscores the need for strategies to manage crowding to promote sustainable tourism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose - This paper conducts a meticulous bibliometric analysis of 659 documents indexed in the Web of Science database, exploring the intellectual evolution of Smart Tourism Destinations (STD) and contributing to understanding the evolution of scientific literature on STD until December 2023, guiding future explorations in this dynamic and evolving field. Methodology/Design/Approach - By unifying the conceptual structure and highlighting key descriptive elements with the application of statistical methods, this research provides insights into the intellectual fabric of STD research. Findings - Our findings show the evolution of the conceptual structure, influential authors, institutions and countries involved in STD research, as well as the evolving social structure within the field. The surge in scientific output, especially since 2019 aligns with the integration of advanced technologies, including artificial intelligence, immersive mechanisms, big data, and robotics, prompting uncertainty in business implementation and stakeholder responses. Originality of the research - This study sheds light on the intellectual evolution of STD by summarising a wide range of literature, helping the authors to be informed about future research directions in the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Destination marketing organizations (DMOs) have faced significant challenges, and as a result, had to adapt their marketing and management strategies to cope with rapid changes and uncertainty. The objective of this study is to draw from stakeholder management theory and connect it with the literature on agile management to investigate how DMOs have embraced an agile mindset that is more flexible as well as employee and customer-focused amidst these difficult times. In-depth interviews were conducted with senior management at executive levels in the European Travel Commission as well as other from national DMOs across different continents (e.g. Indonesia, Australia, Malta, and South Africa). Overall, this study contributes by presenting a 'Framework of Agile Destination Management and Marketing' to the tourism literature. From a practical perspective, this study provides insights to DMOs by integrating the roles of management, customers, and employees as they relate to the strategies of re-branding, re-segmentation, and re-allocation, respectively. It provides recommendations on how DMOs could adopt insights from this framework to address changes in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Individuals' participation in tourism recreation events can be constrained by a number of situational factors and can also be bolstered by key influences such as a desire for a particular social identity. This study extends the current body of research by investigating the effects of social identity, motivation, and perceived constraints on desire, and thus on the intent to participate in organized motorcycle tourism events. This research was carried out on a sample of participants at an internationally acclaimed motorbike event: the Transitalia Marathon. The results of the structural model indicate that social identity has a positive influence on motivation, the desire to participate, and the intent to participate. In addition, social identity has a negative, direct effect on perceived constraints, which in turn have a negative effect on motivation. This motivation has a positive, direct influence on the desire to participate. The practical and research implications of this study are presented herein. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fast development in tourism results in changes in the creation of tourism products. Tourism as a sector has been the one belonging o he most affected sectors in the recent period (Covid-19 pandemic) and many business entities in tourism had to close their operations. Strong players and allies, on the other hand, proceeded to reassess their strategies and create tourism products. Destination management organizations represented entities that created strong alliances in the region, stimulated the creation of new and re-evaluation (modification) of existing tourism products offered within Slovak destinations. The aim of the study, which was carried out on destination management organizations in Slovak destinations, was to find out how destination management organizations perceive quality and sustainability in the creation of products within tourist destinations in Slovakia. The main method of data collection was a questionnaire, in which the questions were designed using a Likert scale. The obtained data were evaluated for descriptive statistics and established hypotheses used the Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney tests. The main findings include that destination management organizations perceive the quality of tourism products as essential and the demand an automatic part of tourism products. This finding also confirms the acceptance of the hypothesis, which proved the connection between the process of creating the quality of tourism products, which should be long-term, and the requirement for their sustainability. However, it is interesting to note that sustainability in tourism is not understood in the same way by business entities in tourism. This not only points to the importance of the presented study, but also gives it direction for the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stakeholder tourism development has revolved around the sustainable branding concept and brand engagement challenges. Addressing concerns on branding and sustainability, this study aims to investigate the stakeholder destination image (socioenvironment, infrastructure, natural and cultural resources, and pleasant atmosphere) impact on destination brand (brand meaning, presented brand, brand awareness, and brand equity) with the mediating role of stakeholder brand engagement (behavioral, affective and cognitive). We draw on the self-congruity theory to develop hypotheses and collect data from different stakeholder groups (local people, visitors, and entrepreneurs) (N = 350). Structural equation modeling with second-order analysis was undertaken using SmartPLS 3.3.9. Our results show the significance of stakeholder destination image in positively building destination brand. The results also showed that stakeholder brand engagement partially mediates between destination image and destination brand. Our study provides implications for theory and practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research examines a conceptual approach to proactive, resilient, and cooperative initiatives to develop destination resilience. This approach addresses internal factors of tourism service production as objects of resilient cooperation. The framework for tourism cooperative networks for co-creating value in the destination is elaborated theoretically and confirmed by experts. The synthesis of corporate, network, and destination resilience creates the model of resilient cooperative networks, Confidence-Model. The model showcases value-chain co-creation, consisting of integrative survival capacities, transition networks, cooperative resource management, leisure sharing economy, and communication collection points. Value-chain co-creation is aligned on a regional level. The Confidence-Model reiterates the embeddedness of stakeholders in destinations through the resilient business model. Transitioning towards destination resilience involves ensuring self-sufficiency in tourism supply chains and developing resilient products, ultimately leading to new experiences and the creation of meaningful livelihoods. [Display omitted] • The article suggests a new model of cooperation for destination resilience. • Internal factors of service production act as objects of resilient cooperation. • Design framework for tourism cooperative networks is elaborated. • The model of resilient cooperative networks, Confidence-Model, is synthesised. • The model presents external tourism value-chain co-creation on a regional level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the dynamic field of destination management, maintaining a destination's competitiveness requires understanding the evolving preferences of tourists. However, current research often adopts a static approach, failing to capture the dynamic nature of tourist needs and the evolving competitiveness of a destination. To address this, we introduce a novel approach using user-generated content from various social media platforms over a six-year period to assess key attributes that influence destination competitiveness. The results indicate that attributes in deciding destination competitiveness are not fixed, with some remaining stable factors in competitiveness, while others fluctuate over time. Attributes that even alter their competitive standing could significantly impact overall destination competitiveness. This research contributes a dynamic model that allows destination managers to adapt strategies in real time, aligning with current market conditions and enhancing competitiveness in the tourism industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concept of the peri-urban has been used to explore the dynamics of transition at the urban-rural interface, which has clarified the specific and diverse transitions taking place in these areas. However, research still offers little insight into tourism transitions in peri-urban areas that aim to use tourism as a catalyst for development. This paper addresses this gap with an in-depth study of tourism transitions in such a Danish peri-urban region. The analysis is based on observation, interview and documentary data collected over three years in one macro-case region and two micro-case destinations within that region. Drawing on the concept of robust action, the paper seeks a better understanding of what is termed complex challenges, associated with tourism transitions, and how specific destination development efforts can mitigate these. Four such challenges are identified relating to a lack of respectively investment, star attractions, access and accommodation. The two micro-cases illustrate how destinations can address such complex challenges through what we term robust destination development. The paper also develops a robust destination development framework and confirms its utility in a peri-urban tourism context. This framework enables destinations to cope with complex challenges and researchers to understand how they may do so. • Develops the conceptualization and understanding of tourism in peri-urban areas. • Conceptualises complex challenges in a tourism context. • Examines complex challenges involved in tourism transitions in peri-urban areas. • Develops a framework of robust destination development. • Demonstrates how robust destination development can mitigate complex challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper deals with destination management and its use in attracting visitors. Its main goal is to identify the factors influencing the visitor when choosing a destination. For the purpose of the paper, the destination represents a significant factor in customers' preferences when purchasing a tourism product. The aim is to be fulfilled by the primary research. Methods of excerpting, synthesis, induction, analysis, comparison and questioning were used. As a result, customer's preferences riven according to segmentation were identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study analyses the challenges and implications of technological development in mountain-bike sports for Alpine tourism destinations. We investigate the motivations of e-mountain bikers in tourism destinations and derive implications for tourism managers to handle dynamic technological developments in a sustainable manner. A mixed-method design including qualitative in-depth interviews with relevant actors and a quantitative survey with 175 e-mountain bikers was applied. The e-bike boom offers potential and challenges for sustainable tourism management in Alpine destinations. Tourism managers must develop diverse, participatory, and nature-friendly concepts as well as collaborations with nearby destinations and recreational areas to control the flow of tourists within ecologically sensitive areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, 'regenerative tourism' has emerged as a promising alternative to the unsustainable growth paradigm underpinning traditional tourism practices. While this topic is increasingly explored in conceptual terms, what this approach means conceptually and in practice for a range of destination management stakeholders remains unclear. The present study analysed the meanings, conceptualisations and practices associated with regenerative tourism for destination planners in Aotearoa New Zealand. Eighteen interviews were conducted with a diverse range of destination planners at regional and national levels. The findings indicate that regenerative tourism involves improving places, which comprises giving back to communities economically, socially and culturally, and enhancing local environments; as well as fostering a connection with place for both visitors and local residents, and focusing on how tourism can improve quality of life (human and nonhuman) for future generations. Other prominent themes include the holistic and interconnected nature of regenerative tourism practices; and the importance of shifting mindsets and tourism practices from mechanistic and siloed, to those aligned with living systems approaches. Another key finding was destination planners' ambivalence towards the regenerative tourism concept, which ranged from a sense of uncertainty and vagueness about this approach to strong sentiments of resistance. Further studies, particularly those that integrate indigenous worldviews, are needed to consolidate our understanding of regenerative tourism approaches in practice. • Discusses how destination planners in Aotearoa New Zealand conceptualise regenerative tourism. • Regenerative tourism viewed as improvement, not maintenance, of people and places. • Lack of clarity elicits uncertainty and resistance to 'regenerative tourism' for destination planners. • Indigenous worldviews and values should be integrated into regenerative tourism conceptualisations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to investigate the relationships among campsite attributes, tourists' experience quality, trip satisfaction, and intention to revisit campgrounds in the context of three typical mountain campgrounds (Raorao, Amanda, and Shanyu) in southwest China. Utilizing a combination of proportionate stratified and convenience sampling methods, 613 tourists visiting the three campgrounds were surveyed. The collected data were analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural equation modeling (SEM). The results revealed that campsite attributes either positively or negatively influence tourists' experience quality. Furthermore, experience quality plays a crucial role as a significant antecedent to trip satisfaction and as a mediator between campsite attributes and trip satisfaction. Additionally, tourists' trip satisfaction positively affects their revisit intentions. These findings contribute valuable insights into the formation process of camping tourists' behavioral intentions, considering their perceptions of campsite attributes, experience quality, and trip satisfaction. The paper concludes with a discussion of the research's theoretical and practical implications, as well as limitations, and provides suggestions for future research. • The camping tourism market is growing rapidly post-COVID-19. • The mediating role of experience quality between campsite attributes and trip satisfaction is explored. • A comprehensive scale of campsite attributes in mountain camping is proposed and validated. • Service quality positively impacts tourists' experience quality. • The findings of the study contribute to developing campground improvement strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the similarities and differences between New Orleans, USA, and Venice, Italy - two coastal cities built on river sediment that are extremely vulnerable to rising sea levels and climate change. In addition to their proximity to water, both cities are characterised by a strong economic dependence on the tourism and hospitality industry. Their adaption to increasing climate change requires different approaches and strategies which have survived progressive degradation during the last centuries. In both cases, various anthropogenic, morphologic factors and global changes have contributed to coastal erosion. Both cities' tourism numbers exceed carrying capacity and potentially pose a risk to local community well-being. The study aims to illustrate how adaptation and mitigation policies (or lack thereof) have evolved in these two international cities and develop new mitigation strategies to minimise negative impacts on the tourism economy and infrastructure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Following the precedent set by the Tourism Observatory (TO) run by the European Commission-DG GROW a few years ago, several initiatives have taken place to design and manage tourism observatories at both the transnational and local level. However, these initiatives do not yet seem able to provide adequate operational responses to the challenges that the Commission launched with the original TO. While the opportunities offered by the Web 2.0 still do not seem to have been sufficiently taken advantage of, such initiatives also have not yet developed suitable methodologies to operationally include the tourism industry in the studies and monitoring performed by the TOs. Th is work presents the lesion learnt from the ShapeTourism prototype including two diff erent tools: an observatory with official and unofficial indicators, and a simulation tool to predict diff erent scenarios and diff erent sustainability levels, designed specifically to overcome the aforementioned limits. The prototype was tested in 2017 on the entire eligible area of the 2014-2020 MED Programme covering 52 regions. The potentialities of this tool are shown through the creation on indicators, benchmarking and applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work reports a holistic tourism destination assessment of Bantayan Island (Philippines) using an expanded tourism area life cycle (TALC) model. The expanded TALC contains five evaluation areas: destination characteristics, marketing response, economic impact, social impact, and environmental impact. Using various sources of evidence, findings suggest that Bantayan Island is positioned in the involvement stage of the TALC model. However, specific areas yield different results as the island is in the development–consolidation stage for destination characteristics, involvement–development for marketing response, involvement for economic impacts, development for social impacts, and involvement for environmental impacts. With these findings, various policy insights for destination management are offered, such as establishing carrying capacity, embracing a proactive marketing content and marketing analytics, managing resiliency of the locals and the tourism industry, integrating local culture in tourism packages, and reducing material and energy use and waste generation. These insights can be extended to other tourism destinations with similar conditions, particularly in developing countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to obtain a deeper understanding of how the media frames the recent overtourism phenomenon and to theorize the impacts of such framing on policy making and mitigation by using framing theory. We conducted a content analysis of 85 media articles to compare the negative impacts of overtourism across destination types. The results revealed media reports of critical environmental impacts at national parks, beach destinations, and archaeological sites; high socioeconomic impacts at archaeological sites, island destinations, and urban destinations; and high infrastructural impacts at national parks, archaeological sites, and island destinations. Differences in the severity of impacts by destination type have implications for destination planning and management frameworks. We also used Entman's classification of frames to analyze the media's portrayal of the phenomenon. Results revealed that the media overemphasizes redefining overtourism and fails to cover a range of possible solutions for properly managing the complex issue, especially by major news sources. These findings suggest that the media continuously redefines overtourism as a new phenomenon and oversimplifies its complexity, which prevents addressing the root cause of the problem and misleads policy implications. Theoretical implications of media framing are discussed, as are remedial strategies for destination management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

DMOs increasingly find themselves managing complex socio-technological systems. They face 'wicked problems' at the point where humans and technological systems intersect. Such problems require the remit of DMOs to grow from its current status of meta-management into the new concept of metadesign. Whereas meta-management relies on strategic planning and a predictable future, meta-design takes into account unpredictable dynamics of destinations as experience production systems. The term meta-design implies designing design; it targets those structures and processes in destinations that facilitate the co-production of tourism experiences. Based on a survey in Germany and Montenegro this paper investigates whether, and to what degree, DMOs practice meta-design, what factors characterise their meta-design and what circumstances drive them to take on the task of meta-design. Results show that only a small number of DMOs in both countries practice meta-design. The DMOs who adhere most closely to such a role operate at a superordinate geographical level. Digitalisation and user-centeredness are important features of meta-design; however, DMOs realise both of these features to different degrees. Contact with service providers along with available networking resources influence DMOs to practice meta-design. Differences exist between Montenegro and Germany due to their markets and normative settings. In discussing these results, some practical recommendations and further fields of research have been formulated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article demonstrates the complex issue of the life cycle and renewal of destinations through the example of a destination in Hungary. These days, due to the ever-increasing competition among destinations both in domestic and international markets, this is the central issue in the development and management of destinations, especially where recreational and excursionist functions are dominant. The target area chosen can be found in the hinterland of a regional centre (Pécs), where, in addition to recreational functions, the repositioning efforts of the last ten years led to the more and more important role of sport tourism and supplementary tourism products like ecotourism, heritage tourism, and festival tourism. This versatility provides another challenge for the actors of the destination, as the main pillars of the renewal of the destination concern all actors in the destination (inhabitants, non-governmental organisations, service providers, and municipal self-government) in some way. During the research we thus also carried out a questionnaire survey with the local stakeholders (inhabitants and municipal self-government) and actors interested in tourism (holiday home owners, service providers), in addition to the processing of secondary data sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the current research is to develop a methodology that can analyse online reviews using machine learning techniques in such a way that practitioners in the fields of tourism and destination management can understand and apply the technique to improve their attractions. This research studies the TripAdvisor reviews of tourist attractions, including beaches, islands, temples, a pedestrian street, and markets in Phuket, Thailand. In total, 65,079 online reviews were analysed using two machine learning techniques: latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) and naïve Bayes modelling. LDA modelling helps the researchers determine the dimensions of each type of attraction. Four dimensions were specified for beaches and islands, three dimensions for a pedestrian street and temples, and two dimensions for markets. This research also developed two practical tools – dimensional salience-valence analysis (DSVA) and lexical salience-valence analysis (LSVA) – and used them to suggest actions for the Tourism Authority of Thailand (TAT). • 65,079 TripAdvisor reviews of attractions were analysed using machine learning. • 10 beaches, 12 island locations, 2 temples, a street, and 12 markets were analysed. • Latent Dirichlet allocation modelling was used to extract dimensions of attractions. • Naïve Bayes modelling was used to analyse underlying terms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This case study describes Mon Perin Ltd. – unique tourism enterprise owned by the local community in Bale (Istria, Croatia). The origins, distinctive characteristics of the enterprise, its business performance as well as direct and indirect impact on local community are described in order to foster discussion and encourage reading and further research on possibilities of local communities to develop sustainable tourism by directly owning and managing tourism infrastructure [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Smart tourism is integral to the concept of smart cities, and existing literature focuses on the application of innovative information and communication technology designed to improve the tourism system. Although research on smart tourism has increased, the reality of attendant tourist dissonance has not yet been adequately addressed. Consequently, we present a matrix of 'tourist stupidity' as a conceptual frame to characterise tourists' potential responses to smart tourism. The matrix provides a counterpoint to previous studies on smart tourism by proposing four types of 'stupidity' based on tourist intentions (wilful to inadvertent) and actions (passive to active). The intent of this counterpoint is to facilitate destination planning and management so that truly 'smart' tourism can be fostered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a model of an ecological security system for coastal tourism cities and performs a dynamic simulation test of it. Data for the coastal city of Dalian, China, covering the period 2001 to 2015, were used to simulate the city's ecological security from 2016 to 2030. This confirmed the validity of the model, which had a low average error. Variables were chosen to simulate a number of different scenarios. Considering the number of tourists, tourism income, the index of tourism resources and marine pollution, the low-carbon environment scenario was shown to be the healthiest, with a high level of investment in environmental protection and resource consumption and a low outcome in terms of industry development. The simulation results for the three scenarios showed that more capital and high technology should be invested to improve the treatment of marine pollution in Dalian, which can reduce its negative impact on coastal areas and create a conducive environment to attract tourists. The research provides a systems approach to evaluate potential socio-economic influences on the ecological security systems of coastal tourism cities, and to provide information useful for destination management. • Proposes an ecological security system for a coastal tourism city with three sub-systems. • Develops a systems dynamics model to perform a simulation test. • Predicts future changes in coastal tourism urban ecological security. • The low-carbon environment scenario is found to be the healthiest. • Capital and technology are the key factors needed to decrease pollution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research for this paper is of a scientific character, but motivated by the applicative need and is applicable. The aim of the paper is to identify and analyze elements in the tourism market that influence the process of efficient strategic planning of the destination through tourism products and services for the purpose of sustainability. Based on scientific methods it is possible to prove that effective strategic management of destination developing cyclotourism contributes to sustainability. This is shown through marketing policy, destination management, and analysis of the state and development opportunities of cyclotourism in the Republic of Croatia. Two cycling routes in the Republic of Croatia and their content will be presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Encouraging individuals' environmentally responsible behaviours (ERBs) is becoming increasingly important for tourism destination management. This study was designed to investigate the formation of the ERBs of tourists from a broken windows theory perspective. Results from a sample of 307 tourists highlighted the antecedent role of tourists' perceived environment quality among the relationships between the variables of theory of planned behaviour (TPB), moral obligation, and the intention to engage in ERBs. The results of multiple mediation analysis revealed that the TPB variables and moral obligation act as full mediators in the effect of perceived environment quality on ERBs intention. The relative importance of the TPB variables and moral obligation in predicting the intention to engage in ERBs were also compared in this study. • The broken windows theory is used to provide a contextualized understanding of environmentally responsible behaviours(ERBs) • Perceived environment quality is an important antecedent of tourists' attitudinal factors towards ERBs • Tourists' ERBs are better explained by the original TPB variables than morality variables • Results revealed the multiple mediating roles of the TPB components on perceived environment quality - ERBs intention [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the last decades several contributes have tried to provide theoretical solutions and models for measuring the value of a place, a destination, a city. Specifically, some of them have explored the role several factors and different stakeholders play in the place branding evaluation and perception process. However, no conclusive findings are documented and several aspects need to be further investigated. In order to extend the understanding of city branding, this study focuses on the perceived image of Milan and performs a gap analysis by exploring specific factors and specific types of stakeholders. Based on target's provenance and degree of knowledge of city, stereotypical and experiential perceptions of Milan are measured with respect to nine main city attributes as summarized by literature background and compared to the brand values of some important European cities. The findings highlight a mismatch between the stereotypical and experiential perception at different levels and provide the framework to inspire more effective marketing policies for the improvement of city's image. • This study focuses on the perceived image of Milan and performs a gap analysis. • Stereotypical and experiential perceptions of the city of Milan are measured. • The findings highlight a mismatch between the stereotypical and experiential perception at different levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On the basis of previous life cycle literature, this study aims to further deliberate over the concept of travel life cycle (TLC) by integrating Pearce's travel career pattern (TCP) theory. Links between TLC and TCP are investigated by determining the differences between the age and income groups. Results of four-year annual tourist surveys among 21,972 participants corroborate that TLC cannot be equated to family life cycle and be simply categorised by age, in which income level plays an important role. Middle-aged tourists in the high-income range show the most purchasing power in tourism, whereas those with mid-level income are the most business-oriented. Coinciding with Pearce's TCP work, core travel motives are common motivations over the different stages of TLC. In addition, the middle layer motives are valued by tourists at an early stage. Moreover, theoretical and managerial implications are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Destination management organizations (DMOs) increase cooperation and coordination among stakeholders and contribute to the competitiveness of the destination. The purpose of this study is to develop a destination management model for Cappadocia that could make Cappadocia's tourism more sustainable and competitive. By developing a procedure that could also be used for similar tourism destinations, it is also aimed to propose a study model. Interviews were conducted with stakeholders to identify the problems in Cappadocia's tourism and solutions for these problems were suggested. These interviews were content-analyzed. The main challenges are related to infrastructure, superstructure, accessibility, human resources, facilities, sustainability and environment, and image. A well-established DMO could help the destination to become more competitive while also improving sustainability and eliminating or minimizing current and potential problems. Cooperation and coordination are highlighted as the most important functions due to the presence of several institutions related to tourism management in Cappadocia. Highlights • This research analyzes Cappadocia's challenges and potential based on stakeholders' views and tourism theory and practice. • A destination development model is proposed in addition to some general recommendations for the destination. • The DMOs' roles are highlighted in the case of a destination with cultural and natural heritage. • It aims to contribute by examining Cappadocia and developing a procedure to analyze similar destinations or develop a DMO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Of all the forms of tourism, visiting a beach is one of the most popular. The objective of this study was to determine whether satisfaction levels of beach visitors could be predicted using a hierarchical linear regression. This research drew on 1451 complete surveys conducted at rural and urban beaches across Ontario, Canada. Using a hierarchical multivariate regression, a model for predicting overall beachgoer satisfaction was developed. The model is able to predict 24.2% of variance in overall beachgoer satisfaction levels. While visitor demographics and beach demographics account for 2.8% of the explanatory power, the greatest explanation of variance comes from the perceptual measures (21.4%) – satisfaction with facilities and beach. Utilizing these findings, destination management operations will be able to better manage their visitors' overall satisfaction levels, negative impacts such as overtourism, and increase their likelihood to revisit. Highlights • A quarter of the variance in a beachgoers overall satisfaction can be predicted. • Visitor and beach characteristics have little impact on overall beachgoer satisfaction. • Satisfaction with facilities and beach are the strongest predictors of beachgoer satisfaction. • Beach location has an impact on overall beach satisfaction. • Overall beach and experience satisfaction contributes positively to a beachgoers intent to return. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Destinations around the world are rolling out smart tourism initiatives to increase their competitiveness and to support their sustainability goals. However, whether smart tourism development can also help them build resilience is a question that currently lacks an answer. This article links the two concepts of smart destinations and destination resilience at the conceptual level and presents a five-pillar framework of smart destination resilience. Specifically, it suggests smart tourism infrastructure and governance equip smart destinations with sensing, opening, sharing, governing, and innovating capacities that can enhance destination resilience by supporting six specific resilience conditions. As such, the article provides the necessary theoretical building blocks to support empirical research at the intersection of smart tourism and destination resilience. It further provides practical insights on how to ensure that smart destination development leads to greater resilience but also warns of the need to scope out potential vulnerabilities inherent in smart destination design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the vigorous economic development of the tourism industry in China, the number of star-rated hotels has rapidly increased. As a result, techniques to evaluate the performances of star-rated hotels have gained in popularity. In this paper, we develop two indexes for dynamic settings: the profit Luenberger and Malmquist-Luenberger indexes. The distinguishing features of our indexes are three-fold. One, we adopt an economic perspective by considering that hotels are profit maximizers. Two, we model hotels as multi-activity decision-making units by considering that they provide multiple services. Three, our indexes are nonparametric, and work when prices are partially observed. We apply our technique to 30 provinces during 2005–2015. We find that star-rated hotels present better performances over time, but not for every activity. Next, we highlight particular patterns for the provinces. These results are useful for managers to better target their investments, and also for policy makers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Destination managers must consider whether to continue to consolidate their experiences and markets or innovate by developing new experiences and targeting new markets when planning their tourism destination development. Although these approaches are not mutually exclusive, adopting a strategic approach to identifying which experiences will be iconic visitor drawcards featured in the destination's brand image and marketing, and which markets to focus their marketing efforts on, is important to destination competitiveness. Most destination managers adopt a consolidation strategy because this is often the most efficient, safest and least controversial approach. The alternative is to innovate through developing new experiences and attracting new visitor markets to expand the destination's appeal. This paper studies this destination development challenge in a popular, yet mature tourism destination, the Gold Coast, Australia. Four experience development strategy options are proposed and organised into a Destination Innovation Matrix. These options are then tested using an online survey (N = 1759), followed by four focus group interviews. This matrix provides a new framework to assist managers to prioritise innovation opportunities for a destination. Highlights • Studies Australia's Gold Coast to show innovation in a mature destination. • Presents a new Destination Innovation Matrix. • Challenges a traditional approach of experience-market consolidation. • Improving existing experiences and growing existing markets can be innovation. • Transformational innovation seeks to create new experiences for new markets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract This research examines the relationship of tourists' perceptions and relational quality with their environmentally responsible behaviors. Data was collected at a variety of times and days over ten weeks from visitors (n = 568) exiting a tourist destination located in central China. Perceived service quality provided by employees at a destination was found to positively impact value perceptions, environmental commitment, and tourist environmentally responsible behavior. Value perceptions positively impact tourist satisfaction, environmental commitment, and tourist environmentally responsible behavior. Tourist satisfaction and environmental commitment were found to fully mediate the relationship of the value obtained from visiting a destination, as perceived by tourists, with environmentally responsible behavior. Multiple mediation analysis confirmed two paths: 1) perceived employee quality to value perceptions to service experience satisfaction to tourist environmentally responsible behavior; and 2) perceived employee quality to value perceptions to environmental commitment to tourist environmentally responsible behavior. Highlights • The study develops and tests a model with domestic tourists in China. • Quality impacts value, commitment, and environmentally responsible behavior (ERB). • Value impacts satisfaction, commitment, and ERB. • Satisfaction and commitment fully mediate the value to ERB relationship. • Multiple mediation analysis confirmed two paths to ERB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the importance of shopping tourists in tourism destinations, the examination of the movements of this lucrative segment is insufficient. This study aims to analyze attractions networks in the Seoul Capital Area that are selected by shopping tourists, as well as to identify whether their attraction networks are stable or dynamic. Specifically, the centralities and the spatial structure of 28 attractions were identified to examine the features of the changing attraction networks. The Gini coefficients of centralities were measured to detect the inequality of link distribution. It was investigated whether networks follow a power law each year to detect the changes in destination networks. Finally, changing networks were visualized through link reduction modules featuring improved readability. The results of this study are as follows: (1) this study reveals shopping tourists' attraction preference through centrality analysis. The attractions that shopping tourists visited encompass both shopping and non-shopping areas; (2) Sinchon/Hongik University and Namsan Hanok Village were identified as increasingly popular attractions for shopping tourists; (3) Gini coefficients of degree distribution for shopping tourists' attraction networks were higher over the three-year period compared with those of general tourists, indicating that the former choose tourist attractions in a homogeneous manner; and (4) Attraction networks followed the power law in 2013 but not in 2014 and 2015. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tourism can help regenerate post-colonial, post-conflict and post-disaster destinations (PCCDs), and national governments and destination marketing organisations (DMOs) play a central role in this. They face the dilemma of either consolidating tourism situations with seemingly safe, known, predictable steps, or taking more ambitious risk-prone, less tried-and-tested and more uncertain approaches. This choice can be portrayed as the respective exploitative and explorative dimensions of strategic conceptual framework of organisational ambidexterity (OA). This regional spotlight provides a conceptual analysis using the lens of OA to examine these dynamics. It focuses on the specific case of Haiti, set within the context of the Caribbean region. A range of OA effects in relation to tourist enclaves is identified. In particular, the spotlight argues for less segregation and separation between tourist and local populations, along with a need for DMOs to espouse more exploitative-explorative postures. In terms of wider implications, it can be argued that other Caribbean economies might learn lessons from the discussion of the Haitian case. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Image of a destination influences tourists' perceptions and evaluations of that destination. The current study aims to investigate the formation of Taiwan's unique image from the perspective of travel arrangement types. Analyzing survey data from the Taiwan Tourism Bureau, the study finds that unique image formation is moderated by type of travel arrangement. For group inclusive tourists, induced and organic information and experiential variety are image drivers, whereas cost efficiency is an image inhibitor. For free independent tourists, organic information, pre-tour planning horizon, experiential variety, and friendliness satisfaction are image drivers, whereas repeat visitation and time efficiency are inhibitors. Regarding tourist nationality, Chinese free independent tourists perceived Taiwan's unique image as above average, whereas Japanese tourists generally perceived Taiwan's unique image as below average. This study offers several implications for destination management organizations and travel agencies seeking to formulate effective policies and strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research examines a downtown streetscape improvement project in a heritage tourism destination. A survey, conducted in Charleston, South Carolina, USA, provided data on merchant attitudes about the project following completion of the work, adding to two previous studies that have looked at the project pre-construction and mid-construction. The results indicate that the merchants grade the project favorably but do not credit the project for the significant recent tourism success enjoyed by the city. Concepts and issues borrowed from the urban conservation literature are considered and suggestions are provided that should be of value to destination management officials in heritage cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social network analysis is a very useful tool for planning and management of tourist destinations. This paper applies it to 16 tourist destinations in Andalusia (Spain) with different levels of tourist development in order to establish the extent to which this development is conditioned by the relational dynamics of its tourist stakeholders.Results obtained show there is a direct increasing relationship between the network characteristics of stakeholders for a tourist destination and its level of tourist development. In other words, when the operation of the stakeholder networks improves, there is an increase in the level of tourist development at destination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents the 2022 Consensus on Advances in Destination Management, a research agenda for destination marketing and management. Like its predecessors, this agenda is grounded in the collaborative consensus discourse methodology. To identify relevant avenues for future research, the consensus draws on three days of structured interactions among scholarly and industry experts invested in advancing the research and practice of destination marketing and management for sustainable development of tourist destinations at the 5th Advances in Destination Management Forum in Kalmar, Sweden. The consensus details avenues for further research in five key areas that relate to (1) the role and future of DMOs, (2) tourism policy and governance issues, (3) advancing destination resilience and sustainability, (4) the measurement and tracking of visitor flows, and (5) destination development in emergent destinations. • We present a consensus research agenda with perspective for destination research. • We present five themes that discuss gaps and future research questions. • We offer overarching conclusions related to control, context and conceptualization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Tourism & Management Studies is the property of Escola Superior de Gestao, Hotelaria e Turismo, Universidade do Algarve and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Tourism destinations are complex systems of interrelated entities without a hierarchical chain of command. In order to enhance the ability of destinations to create a high quality, authentic tourism experience, a management perspective based on networks, personal relationships, trust, and reciprocity is suggested. However, while theoretically this ‘network approach’ represents a promising way of making the tourism industry more innovative and competitive, few convincing empirical examples have so far been published on how tourism networks can be successfully managed. This paper focuses on the gap between theory and practice. After summarizing the literature on network management in tourism, in-depth interviews with 12 network managers in Flanders (Belgium) give insights on how networks are currently managed, as well as how and why network managers choose their priorities. The main conclusion is that while all interviewed network managers claimed that they had adopted a ‘network approach’, most of them still spent most of their time and energy on traditional power-related tasks, such as the top-down provision of information, lobbying, and representing the network towards external stakeholders. Trust-related activities, such as actively pursuing member collaboration, member engagement, and facilitating proximity and partnerships with and between (potential) network members were only applied by a small minority. Network managers who actively strengthened the network structure through trust-related management activities indicated more often that their networks were resilient to external pressure. This highlights the importance for network managers of making pragmatic trade-offs between various management approaches. This might need further professionalization of the sector, including targeted training and (postgraduate) education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We combine network structure and firm-level relationship measures to explore the association between innovative behavior, firm position within the network of a destination, and the knowledge and relational trust characteristics of a firm's innovation-oriented relationships. We find current collaboration, shared knowledge and trust are associated with innovative behavior with partner firms, but that betweenness centrality indicates which partners are the most prominent innovators in a population. That is, relationship-level characteristics facilitate innovation partnerships, but network structure characteristics identify the most successful innovative partners. To theory, our findings contribute to efforts in the tourism, innovation and network literature to evaluate the differential effects of knowledge stocks and flows on innovation. For practice, our results suggest that promoters of innovation within a destination should leverage brokerage positions to improve the in-flow of ideas while encouraging the firms that share knowledge and trust to collaborate to apply those ideas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Brasileira de Pesquisa em Turismo is the property of Associacao Nacional de Pesquisa e Pos-Graduacao em Turismo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Brasileira de Pesquisa em Turismo is the property of Associacao Nacional de Pesquisa e Pos-Graduacao em Turismo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Venice is one of the most popular tourist destinations in the world. In Venice, as in other middle-sized heritage European cities, strong tourism pressure is trapping the city in a vicious circle that is eroding the quality of its tourism attractions. This development is related to the growing numbers of excursionists who lack the time to make informed decisions about the quality of goods. Consequently, suppliers reduce the quality of their offerings and instead focus on market share. Consumer-generated media (CGM) may help resist this development by providing excursionists with aggregated, up-to-date information on the quality of tourism offerings as perceived by customers. In this paper, we investigate the efficiency of TripAdvisor in helping tourists to make informed decisions and in increasing the popularity of restaurants offering a higher expected quality. Our findings suggest that, although TripAdvisor's algorithm is designed to reward quality, it does not adequately meet these goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to identify distinctive obstacles to the establishment of tourism destination governance in both transnational and within-country borderlands. Analysis of the German-Czech borderlands, a region also incorporating within-country borders between three German federal states, indicates the multi-scalar and political contestations of cross-border tourism collaboration. Local tourism projects are generally successful, both on a transnational German-Czech level and between the German states of Bavaria, Saxony and Thuringia. However, structural cross-border destination management does not exist because of (transnational) multi-scalar institutional alignment problems and (internal) tourism-specific destination-level power contestations. Understanding destination management processes in borderlands, therefore, requires: (i) explicit multi-scalar analysis; (ii) recognition of both transnational and within-country contexts; (iii) more cross-pollination between tourism planning and cross-border governance research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ability to attract tourists is not a simply consequence from the action of individual characteristics of the territory, but is the result of systemic activity that synthesizes all the territorial components into a cohesive and current plan of tourism development capable of expressing and integrating different interests. Through all elements of destination management (marketing, human resources, image, price etc.) it can be developed a tourism plan that integrates all related stakeholders interests and actions. The purpose of this paper is to examine in what extent destination management of National Park of Sibillini Mountain, Italy is applied by the park organization. The paper relies on the research on a global basis of Destination Management Organization development and activities, carried out by The World Tourism Organization (UNWTO). Based on the research regarding tourist profile, the Destination Management Organization of National Park of Sibillini Mountain, Italy integrated -- in an action plan -- the programs required to manage the main attraction and tourists services to increase the market demand and transform this natural protected area as competitive tourism advantage. Overall this study contributes to literature by revealing what type of actions can be applied by natural protected areas organization in order to position the destination in competitive areas depending on the characteristics of the territory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent developments in destination management suggest that administrative divisions may be misleading as a unit of decision making for tourism planning and management, since they may comprise several areas with different tourism functionality. Identifying homogenous areas of tourism activity and delimiting their boundaries can enhance the utility of information for smart management purposes. The objective of this paper is to highlight the relevance of the geographical dimension of smart destinations by showing how functional areas can be delimited and how this smaller unit of analysis can improve destination management in the new context of improved availability of data and smart decisions supported by technology. The paper illustrates its key ideas with an application to the island of Gran Canaria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the latest years, the smart city theme has been widely discussed in both city planning and academic studies from various perspectives, i.e. technology, sustainability, management and tourism. This is mainly due to the urgency of rethinking the city because of the rapid population growth and the urbanization increase. These challenges are triggering many cities to find smarter management ways. Nonetheless, only a limited number of studies investigated systematically the smart cities phenomenon and its impact on tourism. In this research, we try to understand the smart city concept considering the strategic role of technologies as opportunities in the smart tourist destination, trying to fill the literature research gaps by identifying how cities have to manage urban planning to be labelled as "smart", what can be the applications of smart strategies to tourism, what resources/capabilities smart cities need to possess to catch opportunities and face challenges coming from the tourism market, how the smart city planning and its tourist applications can enhance destinations competitiveness. The empirical analysis tests four successful smart cities: Milan, Singapore, London and Johannesburg. The final part includes some reflections on the integration of tourism development with city planning and its effects on urban smartness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]