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Generating a set of optimal solutions is a recommended practice when solving a multiresponse problem. However, it is known that some optimal solutions may yield unexpected outcomes when implemented in practice. Thus, to avoid wasting resources and time in implementing a theoretical optimal solution that does not produce the expected outcomes, a new approach to select a solution from the Pareto front is proposed. This approach employs a desirability-based function to aggregate all the desired response characteristics, namely the responses' Bias, Resilience, Quality of Predictions, and Robustness. Two case studies illustrate the usefulness of the proposed approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stephen Grimm defends the idea that for understanding people, we need to think of understanding not only in terms of grasp of structure (be that causal or of other kinds) but also in terms of a notion of understanding-as-taking-to-be-good. In this paper, I critically examine this idea. First, I argue that in some cases, understanding-as-taking-to-be-good can be explained in terms of understanding-as-grasp-of-structure. Then, I consider one further way in which understanding-as-taking-to-be-good could be obtained through something which is not a form of grasp of structure, which narrows and refines Grimm's understanding-as-taking-to-be-good concept. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present research, we documented a novel but largely ignored the effect of intuition versus deliberation on individuals' preferences between desirability and feasibility. Our findings in different domains demonstrate that when making a decision involving a tradeoff between desirability and feasibility, intuition leads to a relatively stronger preference for high-desirability-low-feasibility options, whereas deliberation leads to a stronger preference for low-desirability-high-feasibility options. Furthermore, we proposed and found that construal level served as the underlying process of the effect. When individuals are induced by a higher level of construal (e.g., deciding for others or for the distant future), the difference in their preferences between intuition versus deliberation is attenuated. Finally, theoretical and practical implications are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Struvite is the preferred form of phosphorus recovery for fertilizer by chemical precipitation. The concentration of phosphorus in raw wastewater from dairy processing is higher than acceptable values for prevention of water pollution. Along with phosphorus, potassium and calcium are its main counterions with high concentration. Thus, calcium phosphate salts are prompt to precipitate and decrease struvite production. The effect of such phosphate counter-ions were optimized using design of experiments and desirability function to maximize both phosphorus recovery and struvite production. Under optimum conditions, the yields were 98.6 ± 1.1 and 85.7 ± 2.5 percent for phosphorus recovery and struvite precipitation, respectively. Factors optimization was achieved with desirability D = 0.995. By in-vitro assay of nutrients release, the product demonstrated better phosphorus availability than the one obtained with high calcium dose in reactor. The obtained molar ratios of dose can serve in wastewater treatment coupled to phosphorus precipitation with a fertilizer value product. Image, graphical abstract • P recovery from whey was achieved to 98.6 ± 1.1% using design of experiments. • PO 4 3- counterions mainly Ca2+ inhibited struvite precipitation before optimization. • The optimum were pH 8.9, n:n P of 1.21Mg, 0.26Ca, and 2.69NH 4 +to desirability 0.995. • The product struvite content improved from 23% to 89% by optimum conditions. • The in vitro assay indicated that the product provide efficiently both P and nitrogen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Tekstilec is the property of University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Natural Sciences & Engineering, Department of Textiles and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Joining of metals is very useful concept which is being utilized since Bronze Age and then gradual advancement gave rise to development of modern welding. And now welding is increasingly used in the fields of fabrication, manufacturing and construction. But productivity is the main concern in many manufacturing and industrial welding applications. Therefore selection of a welding process and its variables/parameters without sacrificing weld quality with respect to productivity and its quality is very important because an optimum blend of parameters which inevitably develop minimum or no defect will result in high productivity. For this study Submerge Arc Welding (SAW) process is selected for optimization because this versatile welding process is the first choice whenever good productivity with high quality requires in fabrication and manufacturing of Marine & pressure vessels, pipelines and offshore structures. Here Signal to noise (S/N) ratio analyses are used to find significant effects of key parameters on selected responses and then for optimization design of experiment based both quality loss function (OFM) and desirability function along with variance analyses by ANOVA are utilized. Moreover codes and standards provide a range for weld process parameters but author experienced that still there is a window to further optimize these parameters to produce the quality weld. Therefore this study is also useful to contribute in welding related research work by enhancing the knowledge of welding process and its analysis by utilizing advance statistical optimization techniques to find optimum zone within the acceptable zone from Code & Standard based tolerance Zone. • Result oriented different statistical approaches based a comprehensive optimization. • Narrowed down optimum region for process parameters within recommended window. • Found weld condition for best weld quality for similar material & welding circumstances. • Validation of optimal responses & results found by performing actual run of weld. • Conclude optimum zone within the acceptable zone from Code & Standard based tolerance Zone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the most important goals of information systems is to provide services based on users' cognitive characteristic. This increases the system efficiency, user satisfaction and interest in the use of information systems. Since e-learning has been widely used around the world in human-computer interaction domain, in this research the e-learning environment has been chosen to evaluate the model. The goal of this research is performance evaluating of an intelligent e-learning system compared with a simple e-learning system. The intelligent e-learning system which is based on user's personality dimension and emotion. In this research, the intelligent e-learning system uses a specific model. The model considers desirability as an important variable to calculate emotions and interact with users based on this model. The model can detect users' emotion based on personality dimension, user' goals, and environmental event. Evaluating of the model is in two steps: the first step is checking generality of the model in different learning domains and the second one is to determine whether presenting suitable actions to users after predicting their emotion status has an influence on satisfaction and learning rate or not. In the first step, the model has been evaluated in two real e-learning environments which are designed to teach: “Introduction to computing systems and programming” course and “English language vocabulary”. The results show that accuracy in predicting desirability in emotion module in e-learning environments with different materials learning are the same and they confirm the generality of the model. In the second step, two e-learning environment is designed to teach English vocabulary. The e-learning environment has been implemented in two versions, i.e. a basic system with no intelligence and an intelligent system which can predict a user's desirability. The intelligent e-learning environment acts according to the user's status based on her/his desirability. The results in this step show that users believe the intelligent environment is believable and more attractive than the basic one. Also, they express this environment can understand their emotional status and react based on it, and it can improve their learning process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

People use two types of scheduling styles to schedule their daily activities, namely clock-time or event-time. When people use clock time, they organize tasks based on a clock. When they use event-time, they organize tasks based on their order of completion. This research shows that adopting different scheduling styles influence consumers' assortment size preferences. We demonstrate, through two studies, that consumers using event-time scheduling style prefer a larger assortment size whereas consumers using clock-time scheduling style prefer a smaller assortment size. We also show that this effect is mediated by desirability-feasibility consideration. Specifically, event-time scheduling style leads consumers to focus on the desirability considerations, which leads them to prefer larger assortment size while shopping. On the other hand, clock-time scheduling style leads consumers to focus on the feasibility considerations, which leads them to prefer smaller assortment size while shopping. We also discuss the theoretical and managerial implications of our research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The automatic monitoring of cyberbullying on social networking sites has potential for signalling harmful messages, preventing these messages from remaining online and providing timely responses. Although technological advancements are made to optimise automatic cyberbullying detection systems, little is known about its desirability and requirements. Experts in the field of cyberbullying, as excellent sources of valuable insight into these issues, were solicited based on three open-ended questions relating to the desirability of automatic monitoring. Answers were examined through qualitative content analysis. Of the 179 experts contacted, 50 (28%) responded. Most of these experts favoured automatic monitoring, but specified clear conditions under which such systems should be implemented, including effective follow-up strategies, protecting the adolescents’ privacy and safeguarding their self-reliance. Follow-up strategies should focus on preventing future cyberbullying and empowering the parties involved. The majority of respondents suggested priorities for detection, including threats and the misuse of pictures. Despite generally positive opinions, several experts harboured doubts regarding desirability and feasibility. Appropriate follow-up strategies should be determined according to severity, and be tested for effectiveness. Future research should involve the views of adolescents and parents with regard to user desirability and prioritisation of cyberbullying detection, as well as views from social network providers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

GFRP/Epoxy composite NEMA (National Electrical manufacturers Association) G-11 possesses excellent physical, mechanical and electrical properties at both room temperature and elevated temperatures and finds wide applications in areas such as insulation in aerospace and defence systems. The material withstands temperatures in excess of 300 °C and is considered the premier material for use as Class F insulation in electrical power generation and transmission equipment. Drilling is one of the most widely used machining operation for assembly and fitting purpose. In this study, the effort is to optimise various drilling parameters with multiple performance characteristics based on the Desirability coupled with Taguchi method. Taguchi's L27 orthogonal arrays (OA) with factor 4 and 3 level have been used for the experimentation. Individual desirability indices of the three performance measures, viz. thrust force, delamination and surface roughness are converted into an overall desirability, which is then optimized using Taguchi analysis. The optimal parameters achieved are spindle speed at level 2 (1200 rpm), feed rate at level 1 (75 mm/min), thickness at level 2 (8 mm) and diameter at level 2 (8 mm) for achieving minimum thrust force, delamination and surface roughness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are various factors which determine the optimization and economic production from water drive gas reservoirs. These factors play an important role in designing an effective reservoir development plan. The present study, in the first step, investigates the relation between recovery factor, volumetric sweep efficiency and cumulative water production with six different engineering and geologic factors using design of experiments (DOE) and response surface methodology (RSM). Next, all derived response functions are optimized simultaneously based on the concept of desirability. In this manner, part of water drive gas reservoirs is simulated using Box–Behnken design. Important factors that have been studied include reservoir horizontal permeability ( K h ), permeability anisotropy ( K v / K h ), aquifer size ( V aq ), gas production rate ( Q g ), perforated thickness ( H p ) and tubing head pressure (THP). The results indicate that by combining various levels of factors and considering relative importance of each response function, optimized conditions could be raised in order to maximizing recovery factor, volumetric sweep efficiency and minimizing cumulative water production. Also high rates of gas production result poor volumetric sweep efficiency and early water breakthrough, hence ultimate recovery factor decreases by 3.2–8.4%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quality criteria for generating future-oriented knowledge and future scenarios are different from those developed for knowledge about past and current events. Such quality criteria can be defined relative to the intended function of the knowledge. Plausibility has emerged as a central quality criterion of scenarios that allows exploring the future with credibility and saliency. But what exactly is plausibility vis-à-vis probability, consistency, and desirability? And how can plausibility be evaluated and constructed in scenarios? Sufficient plausibility, in this article, refers to scenarios that hold enough evidence to be considered 'occurrable'. This might have been the underlying idea of scenarios all along without being explicitly elaborated in a pragmatic concept or methodology. Here, we operationalise plausibility in scenarios through a set of plausibility indications and illustrate the proposal with scenarios constructed for Phoenix, Arizona. The article operationalises the concept of plausibility in scenarios to support scholars and practitioners alike. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Medijska Istrazivanja/Media Research is the property of Sveuciliste u Zagrebu / Nada Zgrabljic Rotar, Ph.D, Univ of Zadar and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This contribution explores the use of a Foresight tool, namely the Dynamic Argumentative Delphi (DAD) survey, in informing policy-making during the design phase of a new Framework Programme in research, technology, development and innovation (RTDI). The Dynamic Argumentative Delphi enables not only quantitative assessments for future statements, but also supports these estimates with qualitative arguments that are visible to fellow contributors; and ranked in real-time according to the frequency of their selection. Using project "BOHEMIA – Beyond the Horizon" project as an example for a procedure bringing in issues under uncertainty into a policy-making process, we undergo a structural analysis of the content generated (the results of the Delphi survey), exploring the quantitative and qualitative results obtained. More specifically, analysing the argumentation generated by respondents, this paper investigates to what extent the perceived feasibility of statements is consistent with the estimated time of realization and whether the perceived desirability of the statements creates a bias in the estimated time of realization. We observe that participants' argumentation is consistently correlated with the quantitative estimations, where more extended debates on some statements reflect a real dispersion of opinions. Moreover, expressed feasibility is correlated with average time of realization. One rather surprising, but encouraging finding, is the absence of a consistent desirability bias, i.e. more votes for arguments that deem the statement desirable are not correlated with a shorter estimated time of realization. • New Foresight tool, the Dynamic Argumentative Delphi (DAD) survey explored. • Outcomes of the DAD survey in the project "BOHEMIA – Beyond the Horizon" for the preparation of Horizon Europe. • Test whether perceived desirability and probability of potential future developments influence the identification and formulation of future issues. • Participants' argumentation is consistently correlated with the quantitative estimations, where more extended debates on some statements reflect a real dispersion of opinions. • A consistent desirability bias in the answers is not observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urban green space (UGS) is often unevenly distributed in cities, which raises the issue of green justice. Previous studies have focused on evaluating the disparities in UGS provision across urban-rural gradients and inequities among heterogeneous social groups. However, few studies have considered the built environments in communities despite the potential for unprecedented rates of urbanization to exacerbate the living environment disparity within cities. Here, we assessed the disparities in UGS provision in communities with diverse built environments using a systematic framework incorporating availability, proximity, and desirability metrics. Specifically, we classified communities into six levels based on their spatial features such as patterns of development, scale, population density, and 'green' assets (e.g., private garden and tree-canopy coverage). Lorenz curves and the Gini index were employed to evaluate inequity, and the Kruskal-Wallis test was used to determine the significant differences among different levels of community. Yangzhou city, China, was selected as a study case, and the results indicate that: (1) UGS is unevenly distributed, and communities located in the urban periphery have lower UGS provision; (2) Serious inequities in UGS provision are demonstrated, with a small proportion of the population having the greatest level of provision; (3) Significant disparities in UGS provision among different levels of community are revealed; generally, residents living in communities with a well-maintained 'green' assets enjoy access to more major public UGS. Our study provides a novel perspective on quantifying UGS provision inequities. It can help guide decision-makers and planners to accurately target vulnerable groups (communities) and formulate effective policies and strategies to address green injustice. • Urban green space (UGS) provision was evaluated using a systematic framework. • Communities that are lack of public UGS resources were identified. • Community with less well-maintained 'green' assets tend to have less access to major public UGS. • Novel evidence of 'green injustice' in rapidly urbanizing cities was suggested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drowning is one of the main causes of death worldwide and according to the recent statistics published by coast guards of the US, Canada, and UK, most of drowned people were not using a life jacket. The main reason to refuse wearing a lifejacket considered being undesirable design of current samples. This project intended to develop more desirable product and in order to achieve this goal, some of the main TRIZ tools were utilized in five phases of product development process. Moreover, in order to examine our hypothesis, different studies on behavioural factors associated with life jacket use were reviewed and this became clear which boaters avoid wearing life jackets due to its bulky, uncomfortable and restrictive design. The product appearance and usefulness also were questioned by some boaters, when they indicated life jacket is just suitable for weak swimmers. Final result of this project presented in form of a concept which grants user's needs in both normal and emergency situations and makes it beneficial in all phases of the product using process. This concept combines life jacket, shoulder bag, smartphones capabilities and survival kit in one product to improve product desirability, usability and also its appearance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drowning is one of the main causes of death worldwide and according to the recent statistics published by coast guards of the US, Canada, and UK, most of drowned people were not using a life jacket. The main reason to refuse wearing a lifejacket considered being undesirable design of current samples. This project intended to develop more desirable product and in order to achieve this goal, some of the main TRIZ tools were utilized in five phases of product development process. Moreover, in order to examine our hypothesis, different studies on behavioural factors associated with life jacket use were reviewed and this became clear which boaters avoid wearing life jackets due to its bulky, uncomfortable and restrictive design. The product appearance and usefulness also were questioned by some boaters, when they indicated life jacket is just suitable for weak swimmers. Final result of this project presented in form of a concept which grants user's needs in both normal and emergency situations and makes it beneficial in all phases of the product using process. This concept combines life jacket, shoulder bag, smartphones capabilities and survival kit in one product to improve product desirability, usability and also its appearance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]