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This is the first article in a three-part series that discusses joint orthodontic–restorative care for the adult patient. Part 1 presents an overview of the clinical presentations, challenges and strategies that may be employed to treat this complex patient group. CPD/Clinical Relevance: The reader should be able to describe a care pathway, with potential associated complications, for the provision of adult orthodontic–restorative treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Angulated screw channel (ASC) abutment allows off-axis dental implants to be used in dental restorations without the need for cementation. As this is a relatively new system, research on its clinical performance is limited. To summarize the available in-vitro and in-vivo studies on the mechanical and technical issues associated with the ASC system and compare its clinical performance with that of conventional implant-supported abutments. A comprehensive literature search in PubMed, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect databases was performed, focusing on articles about angulated (angled) screw channel (ASC) systems published in English between January 2015 and November 2023. Only in-vitro and in-vivo studies were included. After analyzing the recorded articles, 26 studies (11 in vivo and 15 in vitro) were included in the final discussion and review. Although the ASC system is still relatively new, and is presently outperformed by conventional abutment systems in terms of technical and mechanical properties, in short- and medium-term in-vivo studies, it was shown reliable for retaining single or multiple-unit implant restorations in both posterior and anterior zones. Still, further long-term clinical research is needed to fully elucidate the risk factors associated with ASC failures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zirconia is one of the most commonly used materials for abutments of dental implants, especially in the anterior region. Soft tissue integration to the zirconia abutment surface remains a challenge. Peri-implant soft tissue integration serves as a physiological barrier, attenuating pathogen penetration and preventing peri‑implant disease. The surface microstructure of zirconia has significant effects on the biological behaviors of human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs), but the effects under inflammatory conditions are still unclear. In this study, we established two micro-nano structures on zirconia surfaces using a femtosecond laser, including microgrooves with widths of 30 µm (G3) and 60 µm (G6) and depths of 5 µm, and nanoparticles inside the microgrooves. Polished surfaces were used as controls. HGFs were seeded onto the three groups of zirconia specimens and stimulated with lipopolysaccharide. The HGFs on micro-nano-structured zirconia surfaces exhibited lower inflammatory responses and higher cell adhesion, proliferation, and migration under inflammatory conditions compared with the polished surfaces. Additionally, the G3 group exhibited lower inflammatory responses and higher cell adhesion and migration than the G6 group. The micro-nano-structured zirconia surface exhibited decreased neutrophil infiltration and increased M2-type macrophage polarization in vivo. To explore the molecular mechanism, RNA sequencing and gene silencing were utilized, which revealed two critical target genes regulated by the G3 group. Overall, we proposed an innovative micro-nano-structured zirconia surface that reduced the in vitro and in vivo inflammatory responses and promoted HGF adhesion, migration, and proliferation under inflammatory conditions, in which TRAFD1 and NLRC5 were the underlying key genes. Zirconia is one of the most commonly used materials for abutments, especially in the anterior region. The surface microstructure of zirconia has significant effects on the biological behaviors of human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs), but few studies have investigated these effects under inflammatory conditions, and the mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we developed an innovative micro-nano-structured zirconia surface using a femtosecond laser, which reduces the in vitro and in vivo pro-inflammatory responses and promotes HGFs adhesion, migration, and proliferation under inflammatory conditions compared with the polished zirconia surface. The potential underlying mechanism was also investigated. This work has provided some theoretical basis for the micro-nano-structured zirconia surface in potentially reducing the inflammation and enhancing peri‑implant soft-tissue integration under inflammatory conditions. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to assess the mechanical responses of Cast metal post(MP) and Fiber- reinforced composite post(FP) when combined with zirconia crowns supported RPD, with a specific focus on von Mises stress distribution and maximum stress value on abutment teeth and supporting tissue. Linear finite element analysis was used to assess model stress distribution in scenarios featuring MP and FP restored with zirconia crown supporting distal extension base RPD of lower second premolar surrounding by periodontal ligament and alveolar bone. The simulation was conducted with computer software (ANSYS Workbench 2020; ANSYS Inc). A loading force of 40 N of 5 points on artificial teeth of RPD and 100 N of 2 points on abutment tooth paralleled with vertical axis was applied to simulate the mastication. The study demonstrated that both models exhibit similar stress distribution patterns in all components except in post, ferrule and zirconia crown. Stress distribution in model MP (21.83 MPa) was higher than model FP (7.95 MPa) but stress accumulation in root of both models were similar (85.30 MPa for MP, 81.98 MPa for FP) which does not exceed the dentine ultimate tensile strength. Despite the stress distribution at the ferrule was different in pattern which model MP stress accumulated at post ferrule junction while model FP occurred around cervical margin. It was intriguing zirconia crown of model FP (141.21MPa) had higher stress accumulated within crown while model MP (113.87MPa) lower stress distributing from crown to cast metal post. The research findings suggest that cast metal and fiber reinforced composite posts show no significant different stress distribution on abutment teeth in distal extension base RPD. Both posts demonstrated no detrimental effects on the abutments and surrounding periodontal tissues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This narrative review aimed to survey the clinical outcomes of laminate veneers (LVs), including their survival and success rates. Study selection: An electronic search of MEDLINE/PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar from 2000 to April 2023 was conducted using the keywords "laminate" OR "veneer" OR "porcelain" OR "feldspathic" OR "lithium disilicate" OR "composite resin" OR "zirconia" OR "survival" OR "success." Case reports, case series, reviews, abstracts, in vitro studies, and observational studies were excluded. Five researchers independently evaluated the titles and abstracts of all identified studies. Results: A total of 55 studies were identified. None of the studies met the criteria for zirconia LVs. According to the studies in this review, LVs fabricated with feldspathic porcelain, leucite-reinforced glass ceramics (LRG), and lithium disilicate ceramics (LDS) exhibited satisfactory survival and success rates. Furthermore, hydrofluoric acid etching followed by silane priming of the surface of ceramic LVs is necessary for improved clinical outcomes. The extent of dentin exposure significantly decreases the success rate of ceramic LVs. An appropriate adhesive luting process is required to achieve the long-term success of ceramic LVs. Dentin exposure should be minimized or sealed during tooth preparation to achieve a reliable and durable bond between LVs and abutment teeth. Conclusions: Based on this narrative review of the literature, the use of silica-based ceramic feldspathic porcelain, LRG, and LDS is recommended for LVs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To describe a novel digital design technique for creating an individualized emergence profile for implant restoration based on the contralateral tooth. Methods: Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) data were used to accurately obtain a three-dimensional (3D) model of the contralateral tooth, which was mirror-flipped to design the emergence profile. The emergence profile was further divided into critical and subcritical areas; the critical area precisely replicated the mirror-flipped 3D model, whereas the subcritical area featured a slight concavity on the buccal side, flatness on the lingual side, and slight convexity on the mesial and distal surfaces. Subsequently, a milling machine was used to fabricate healing abutments with individualized emergence profiles. The design of the definitive restoration completely duplicated the emergence profile of the individualized healing abutment and was fabricated using a milling machine. Conclusions: This technical procedure presents an alternative novel method for designing the emergence profiles of implant restorations, with the potential to improve esthetics and functions as well as to maintain the long-term stability of peri-implant soft and hard tissues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Retainer debonding of resin-bonded fixed dental prostheses (RBFDPs) is one of the major reasons for their lower survival rates than fixed dental prostheses (FDPs) with full-coverage crowns. Recent advances in milling technology have enabled the fabrication of RBFDPs with complex retainers (D-shaped designs). This study aimed to assess the marginal fit and retention force of zirconia RBFDPs with inlay-, L-, and D-shaped designs to clarify their clinical applications. Three abutment teeth models without maxillary second premolars were created using inlay-, L-, and D-shaped retainer designs. The zirconia RBFDPs were designed and fabricated according to the manufacturer's instructions (n = 10). The marginal gap was measured using the silicone replica technique. Zirconia frameworks were bonded to the abutment teeth using resin cement. Tensile test was conducted after thermal cycling and dynamic loading tests. The loads during debonding or fracture were recorded. The failure pattern was analyzed by observing the fracture surface using a scanning electron microscope. D-shaped RBFDPs showed a significantly larger marginal gap than inlay- and L-shaped RBFDPs (P < 0.05). However, the mean marginal values were clinically acceptable (<120 μm). The D-shaped model exhibited the highest tensile strength in the tensile tests. The inlay-shaped and most of the D-shaped RBFDPs experienced debonding with cohesive failure, whereas the L-shaped RBFDPs showed fractures near the connector. The D-shaped retainer design was superior to the inlay- and L-shaped designs with respect to the inhibition of retainer debonding. However, the marginal fitness needs to be improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To compare retention strength of the polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) crown and surfacepretreated PEEK abutment using various dental cements. Fifty PEEK abutments (PW plus Co., Ltd, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand) were pretreated with 90% sulfuric acid 60 seconds then cemented with milled Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) crown using various dental cements (Temp-Bond NE, Zinc phosphate, Panavia F2.0, RelyX U200 and Superbond C&B). After stored in 37ºC distilled water for 24 hours, the specimens were submitted to crown pull-off test using universal testing machine at crosshead speed 0.5 mm/minute. The retention strength (MPa) was calculated, and failure modes were recorded. All test groups were significantly different (p<0.05). Panavia F 2.0 presented the highest retention strength, followed by Temp-Bond NE. Zinc phosphate cement showed the lowest retention strength (p < 0.05). Superbond C&B and RelyX U200 could not acquire retention strength due to detachment of the abutment. Resin cement exhibited superior retention for PMMA crown and surface-pretreated PEEK abutment compared to Temp-Bond NE and Zinc phosphate cement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To evaluate clinical performances of two lithium disilicate systems (Initial LiSi press vs Initial LiSi Block, GC Co.) using modified United States Public Health Service (USPHS) evaluation criteria and survival rates after 4 years of clinical service. Methods: Partial adhesive crowns on natural abutment posterior teeth were made on 60 subjects who were randomly divided into two groups: Group 1: Initial LiSi press and Group 2. Initial LiSi Block. Fabrication of partial crowns was made with full analog and digital procedure in Groups 1 and 2 respectively. The restorations were followed-up for I and 4 years, and the modified USPHS evaluation was performed at baseline and each recall together with periodontal evaluation. Contingency tables to assess for significant differences of success over time in each group and time-dependent Cox regression to test for differences between the two groups were used and the level of significance was set at P< 0.05. Results: Regarding modified USPHS scores, all evaluated parameters showed Alpha or Bravo and no Charlie was recorded. No statistically significant difference emerged between the two groups in any of the assessed variables (P> 0.05). No statistically significant difference between scores recorded at the baseline and each recall. All modified USPHS scores were compatible with the outcome of clinical success and no one restoration was replaced or repaired. and the survival rate was 100% after 4 years of clinical service. No difference was found between traditional and digital procedure to fabricate the crowns. The two lithium disilicate materials showed similar results after 4 years of clinical service. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digital technology has been applied to the planning and manufacture of removable partial dentures (RPDs), reducing the complexity of RPD treatment as well as the number and duration of clinical and laboratory steps. However, there is a lack of information regarding digital planning and surveying for rotational path RPDs. This article presents a case report of a digital diagnostic wax-up and survey for a rotational path RPD performed with prosthetic design software. The virtual diagnostic closure tool made it possible during the case study stage to visualize the edentulous spaces and simulate the preparations necessary for the restoration of occlusal and esthetic harmony. The virtual survey determined the dual-axis path of insertion and removal for the rotational path RPD based on the 4 major influencing factors: guiding planes, retentive undercuts, interferences, and esthetics. In this case, digital planning and surveying for a rotational path RPD were an effective means of esthetic and biomechanical analysis and allowed for minimal preparation of the abutment teeth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This clinical study aimed to evaluate the outcomes of resin-bonded attachments (RBAs) for precision-retained removable dental prostheses (RDPs) after at least two years of clinical maintenance. Methods: Since December 1998, 205 RBAs (44 bonded to posterior teeth, 161 to anterior teeth) have been inserted in 123 patients (62 females and 61 males; mean age, 63.6 ± 9.6 years) who were recalled annually. The abutment teeth underwent a minimally invasive preparation limited to the enamel. RBAs were cast in a cobalt-chromium alloy with a minimum thickness of 0.5 mm and adhesively luted with a luting composite resin (Panavia 21 Ex or Panavia V5, Kuraray, Japan). We evaluated caries activity, plaque index, periodontal condition, and tooth vitality. The Kaplan-Meier survival curves were used to account for the reasons for failure. Results: The mean observation time of RBAs until the last recall visit was 84.5 ± 51.3 months (range, 3.6-270.6). During the observation period, 33 RBAs debonded in 27 patients (16.1%). The 10-year success rate according to the Kaplan-Meier analysis was 58.4%, which dropped to 46.2% after 15 years of observation if debonding was considered a failure. If rebonded RBAs were regarded as surviving, the 10- and 15-year survival rates would be 68.3% and 61%, respectively. Conclusions: The use of RBAs for precision-retained RDPs appears to be a promising alternative to conventionally retained RDPs. As reported in the literature, the survival rate and frequency of complications were comparable with those of conventional crown-retained attachments for RDPs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To investigate survival rates and technical and biological complications of one-piece screw-retained hybrid abutments in implant-supported single crowns (SCs). Study selection: An electronic search was performed on five databases for clinical studies involving implant-supported single hybrid abutment crowns constructed using titanium-base (Ti base) abutments, with at least 12 months of follow-up. The RoB 2, Robins-I, and JBI tools were used to assess the risk of bias for the different study types. Success, survival, and complication rates were calculated, and a meta-analysis was performed to obtain a pooled estimate. Peri-implant health parameters were extracted and analyzed. Results: 22 records (20 studies) were included in this analysis. Direct comparisons between screw-retained hybrid abutment SCs and cemented SCs showed no significant differences in the 1-year survival and success rates. For SCs using a hybrid abutment crown design, their 1-year survival rate was 100% (95% CI: 100%-100%, I2 = 0.0%, P = 0.984), and a success rate of 99% (95% CI: 97%-100%, I2 = 50.3%, P = 0.023) was calculated. No confounding variables significantly affected the estimates. The individual technical complication rate was low at 1-year follow-up. The estimated incidence of all types of complications in hybrid abutment SCs is less than 1%. Conclusions: Within the limitations of this study, implant-supported SCs using a hybrid abutment crown design showed favorable short-term clinical outcomes. Additional well-designed clinical trials with at least a 5-year observation period are required to confirm their long-term clinical performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This systematic review aimed to evaluate the effects of implant placement sites on the biomechanical behavior of implant-assisted removable partial dentures (IARPDs) using finite element analysis (FEA). Study selection: Two reviewers independently conducted manual searches of the PubMed, Scopus, and ProQuest databases for articles investigating implant location in IARPDs using FEA, according to the 2020 Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses statement. Studies published in English up to August 1, 2022, were included in the analysis based on the critical question. Results: Seven articles meeting the inclusion criteria were systematically reviewed. Six studies investigated mandibular Kennedy Class I and one study investigated mandibular Kennedy Class II. Implant placement reduced the displacement and stress distribution of the IARPD components, including dental implants and abutment teeth, regardless of the Kennedy Class type and dental implant placement site. Most of the included studies showed that, based on the biomechanical behavior, the molar region, rather than the premolar region, is the preferred implant placement site. None of the selected studies investigated the maxillary Kennedy Class I and II. Conclusions: Based on the FEA regarding mandibular IARPDs, we concluded that implant placement in both the premolar and molar regions improves the biomechanical behaviors of IARPD components, regardless of the Kennedy Class. Implant placement in the molar region results in more suitable biomechanical behaviors compared with implant placement in the premolar region in Kennedy Class I. No conclusion was reached for Kennedy Class II due to the lack of relevant studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To verify the effect of abutment tooth location on the accuracy of digital impressions obtained using an intraoral scanner (IOS) for removable partial dentures (RPDs). Methods: The target abutment teeth included the left first premolar (#34), second molar (#37), and right second premolar (#45) in a mandibular Kennedy class II model and the left and right second molars (#37, #47) in a class III model. Only #37 was isolated from the remaining teeth by the mucosal area in both models. Digital impressions were obtained using a desktop scanner (reference data) and an IOS (IOS data; scanning origin #37; n=10). The general trueness based on the entire model superimposition (TG), local trueness (TL) of an individual tooth, and dimensional accuracy (coordinate and linear accuracy) of the IOS data of the target abutment teeth were compared (a=0.05). Results: In both models, #37 showed significantly inferior TG (P<0.01), superior TL (P<0.01), and mesial coordinate displacement (P<0.01 and P<0.05 in class II and III models, respectively). Intra-model comparisons showed that #45 in the class II model and #47 in the class III model had significantly inferior linear accuracy (P<0.05 and P<0.01, respectively) and buccal coordinate displacement (P<0.05 and P<0.01, respectively) compared with the other target teeth. Conclusions: In digital impressions of RPDs, isolation of abutment teeth by mucosal areas can reduce general trueness based on the entire dental arch and mesial tooth displacement, whereas increased distance from the scanning origin can adversely affect local trueness and dimensional accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The aim of this retrospective study was to determine the outcome of double crowns (DCs) using pooled data over a period of 27 years. Methods: Billing data were obtained from the digital accounting system of a university dental clinic. All DCs inserted and invoiced from January 1, 1992, to December 31, 2019, were collected. The maximum observation period of a DC was determined by a recorded follow-up or the occurrence of a target event. Target events were divided into primary, i.e., tooth extraction, and secondary, i.e., failure of DC, types. The dataset was analyzed using descriptive statistics and Kaplan-Meier survival and multivariate Cox regression analyses. Results: A total of 4,097 tooth-supported DCs in 1,148 patients were included in the analysis. The mean observation period for individual DC was 5.32 years. The cumulative survival rates at 5 and 10 years for the primary target event were 89.7% and 73.8%, respectively. The cumulative survival rates at 5 and 10 years for the secondary target event were 83.6% and 60.6%, respectively. In the multivariate analysis, age and metal denture bases were significantly associated with both target events. Conclusions: This study confirmed DCs as a reliable and long-term successful treatment option for anchoring removable partial dentures. The use of a metal denture base and a younger patient age might reduce the risk of complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dentists frequently encounter the need to cement indirect restorations in clinical situations that are less than ideal, and the longevity and predictability of the indirect restorative materials used iii such cases is largely predicated on the chemical and/or mechanical bond formed between the natural tooth or abutment and the cement. These non-ideal scenarios have been a significant driver in the continued evolution of self-adhesive resin cements (SARCs) with added functional niononiers, such as 10-MDR This article discusses three real-world case studies in which a newly developed universal SARC was utilized and combined with the use of an optional adhesive-enhancing primer that employs a proprietary "touch-cure" technology, or a light-cured adhesive, to improve the bond strength of the resin cement and enhance patient outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To determine postoperative periodontal and radiographic factors that predict the survival rates of abutments of removable partial dentures (RPDs). Methods: Patients who wore RPDs for > 10 years and received supportive periodontal therapy were included. Periodontal examinations and radiographic assessments were conducted on 83 abutment teeth in 35 patients at baseline, and five years after RPD insertion. In addition to conventional factors, such as tooth mobility at 5 years, radiographic factors, such as the crown-root ratio (ΔCR ratio) and gray-level changes reflecting changes in alveolar bone density (ΔABD), were evaluated. The impact of the covariables on the 10-year survival of abutment teeth was estimated using a multivariate Cox regression model, considering multicollinearity. Results: Patients were classified as having A2-B2 (45.7%) and B3-C2 (54.3%) tooth loss, according to the Eichner classification. A probing depth = 4 mm, tooth mobility = grade 1, and CR ratio = 1 were found in 30.1%, 33.7%, and 51.8% of abutment teeth, respectively. The 10-year survival rate of abutment teeth was 86.7%. Multivariate analysis showed that the 10-year survival of abutment teeth was significantly associated with root canal treatment (P = 0.045, hazard ratio [HR] = 1.23), the 5-year ΔCR ratio (P = 0.022, HR = 3.20), and ΔABD on the edentulous side of the abutment teeth (P = 0.047, HR = 1.08). Conclusions: In addition to root canal treatment, changes in the CR ratio and radiographic alveolar bone density at five years predicted the long-term survival rate of RPD abutments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: A resin-bonded bridge (RBB) is a minimally invasive prosthetic treatment option for intact adjacent teeth. However, it is contentious as to whether the mesial or distal adjacent tooth should be used as an abutment. This study aimed to investigate the potential of finite element analysis (FEA) for the selection of abutment teeth and the determination of the optimal design for anterior cantilever RBBs. Methods: Three types of RBBs were designed to simulate loss of the maxillary left lateral incisor. The fixed-fixed RBB (FF-RBB) had one retainer each for the left central incisor and canine. Distal- and mesial-cantilever RBBs (D-CRBB and M-CRBB) had a single retainer on the central incisor and canine, respectively. Three-dimensional models for FEA were generated from computed tomography slices and dental casts. FEA was performed for each RBB to evaluate stresses in the intercuspal, protrusive, and lateral mandibular positions. Results: The maximum principal stresses on the bridges in the intercuspal position were 141.9 MPa, 93.6 MPa, and 45.7 MPa, for the FF-RBB, D-CRBB, and M-CRBB, respectively. The stress in the D-CRBB position was greater than in the M-CRBB position in the intercuspal, protrusive, and lateral mandibular positions. Conclusions: Based on the results, M-CRBB on the canine had a higher clinical performance than D-CRBB on the central incisor. FEA was useful for determining the optimal design of RBB for each patient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To assess the influence of several factors on the survival of tooth-supported fixed partial dentures (FPDs) with vital and non-vital abutments. Methods: The present retrospective cohort study was based on the records of patients treated with 3-to-7-unit toothsupported FPDs with a minimum follow-up time of 6 months after prosthesis delivery. Cumulative survival rate (CSR) was calculated over the maximum follow-up period. Cox regression models were used to evaluate the association between the clinical covariates and prosthesis failure. Results: A total of 331 FPDs in 229 patients were included. The CSRs were 90.1% and 77.6% after 5 and 10 years and 67.9% and 52.1% after 15 and 20 years, respectively. Tooth-supported FPD failure was more prevalent within the first years of prosthesis delivery. Loss of one or more abutment teeth and loss of prosthesis retention were the main reasons for failure. Smoking and type of prosthesis material significantly influenced the survival of FPDs. Abutment vitality, position of the non-vital abutment, or prosthesis length did not show any significant influence on the occurrence of prosthesis failure. Conclusions: Smoking and the type of prosthesis material are suggested to contribute to an increased rate of FPD failure irrespective of abutment vitality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The number of partially dentate adults is increasing, and many patients will require replacement of missing teeth. Oral rehabilitation with removable partial dentures (RPD) is a less time-consuming and a low-cost, conservative treatment alternative that meets the functional and aesthetics needs for many partially dentate patients. Given the high prevalence of RPD usage, it is pertinent to question its impact on general and oral health. However, there is limited evidence on the maintenance and recall regimens for patients with RPDs. Therefore, this article reviews and evaluates the available scientific evidence on complications, and patient recall and maintenance regimens. CPD/Clinical Relevance: An understanding of the complications associated with removable partial dentures will help us strategize patient maintenance regimens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the potential of removable partial dentures (RPDs) in addressing dental health challenges in super-aged societies, focusing on Japan as a leader in this demographic trend. It highlights the importance of RPDs in maintaining oral health and function in elderly individuals with tooth loss, emphasizing their advantages over other prosthodontic treatments. The text also mentions specific design considerations for RPDs to protect abutment teeth and improve longevity, making them a suitable option for elderly patients facing tooth loss. [Extracted from the article]

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This study compared flexibility and fatigue behavior for Cobalt Chromium (CoCr) and Acetal Resin (AR) clasp materials In-vitro. Forty straight half-round specimens were used with 1.2 mm thickness, 1.5 mm width, and 20 mm length. Twenty samples for each of CoCr and AR. Each group was divided into two groups equally to evaluate flexibility and fatigue. A masticatory simulator was used to evaluate the static fatigue, while the flexural strength was measured by equation 3FL/2bd2. The data was collected by software connected to the testing machine using SPSS version 20. The obtained data were statistically analyzed using an unpaired t-test. The level of statistical significance was P < 0.05. The result revealed a statistically significant difference in the flexibility between Cobalt chromium and resin as clasp materials. While for the fatigue test, there was no statistical significance difference between CoCr and AR. The fatigue behavior of AR clasp material was relatively the same for Co-Cr. In contrast, AR material showed higher flexibility than CoCr. AR clasps might be used to fabricate RPD as they provide high fatigue resistance, high flexibility, and adequate retention with fewer compression forces on the abutment teeth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to compare the sizes of the implant-abutment microgap in Morse taper implants with a straight abutment (ISA group) and Morse taper implants with an angled abutment (IAA group). A total of 19 Morse taper dental implants (3.8 x 11.0 mm) were used with their respective abutments; 10 abutments were angled at 20°, and 9 were straight. The implant-abutment units were immersed in an epoxy resin to form a base and then cross-sectioned until about 50% of the volume was removed. The specimens were analyzed under a scanning electron microscope, and the size of the microgap was measured at 3 regions on each side of the implant, for a total of 6 measurements per specimen. Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used for statistical analysis. In the ISA group, there were no statistically significant differences in the median sizes of the microgap at the different regions of the interface (P > 0.05; Kruskal-Wallis test). The mean (SD) values of the largest and smallest microgaps in the ISA group were 1.64 (1.38) and 0.83 (0.41) Um, respectively. In the IAA group, there was a statistically significant difference in the median sizes of the microgaps at the upper and middle regions on the left side (P = 0.031: Kruskal-Wallis test). The mean (SD) values of the largest and smallest microgaps were 1.43 (0.062) and 0.61 (0.27) Um, respectively. Comparison of the different regions in the ISA and 1AA groups revealed that the only statistically significant difference was at the lower region on the right side (P = 0.027; Mann-Whitney Utest). The sizes of the micro-gaps in the ISA and IAA groups were statistically similar in an overall analysis (P > 0.05; Mann-Whitney Utest); however, the IAA group showed greater sealing ability. In addition, in both groups in vitro titanium oxide formation was observed at the interface, characterizing a type of cold-mid joint that provides effective implant-abutment sealing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Long-term survival of dental implants in both fully and partially edentulous patients has been proven successful. as reported in the literature. However, niaintenatice of soft-tissue quality and volunie is often diflicult due to the multiple surgeries involved in implant placement and the physiological resorption of bone after tooth extraction. Soft-tissue augmentation is frequently necessary to improve soft-tissue contour and can be done simultaneously with implant or abutment placement or following the final insertion of the implant-supported prostheses. The purpose of this case report is to denionstrate a surgical procedure used to augment a peri-implant buccal soft-tissue defect using interdental palatal tissue from a pocket reduction procedure in combination with a distal wedge graft from the tuberosity as comiective tissue utilizing a tunneling approach in the esthetic area. The implant restorations iii the reported case were delivered 1 year prior to the soft-tissue reconstruction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aimed to comparatively investigate the effects of accelerated aging on the physical and biological features of zirconia manufactured by digital light processing (DLP) and conventional subtractive manufacturing (SM) with similar composition. Methods: Both the DLP- and SM-fabricated zirconia samples (7 mm x 7.5 mm x 1.5 mm) were grouped according to aging (134 °C, 0.2 MPa, 100% humidity) times, including 0 h, 5 h, and 10 h. Phase assemblage and surface topography of zirconia manufactured by different technologies were evaluated before and after aging. The biological effects of zirconia on human gingival fibroblast (HGF) cell events, including cell viability, proliferation, morphology and adhesion, were also evaluated by live/dead viability assay, cck-8 assay, scanning electron microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy respectively. Results: The DLP-fabricated zirconia showed a higher initial cubic phase content and rate of phase transformation than the SM-fabricated zirconia. Among the different aging time-based groups, the 5 h-aged group exhibited significantly lower sub-micron scale surface roughness compared with the other groups. Aging did not significantly alter cellular behavior in any zirconia type, except for minor changes in adhesive cell numbers recorded in an aging time/culturing time-dependent manner. In addition to small differences in cell alignment patterns and overall cell morphology, the two zirconia types presented comparable biological performance before and after aging. Conclusion: Although the microstructure and surface characteristics of DLP-fabricated zirconia can be affected by autoclave aging, this newly manufactured zirconia is likely to maintain desirable long-term biocompatibility as an implant abutment material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the inhibitory effect of night denture (ND) placement on abutment tooth mobility in removable partial denture (RPD) wearers with sleep bruxism (SB). Methods: The participants were selected from RPD wearers diagnosed with SB using BiteStrip® and randomly allocated to one of the following groups: with ND placement or without ND placement (intervention or control group, respectively). The mobility of the RPD abutment tooth was measured using Periotest® at baseline (T0) and at 1 (T1), 3 (T3), and 6 months (T6). BiteStrip® scores were recorded at T0 and T6. Intragroup comparisons of the Periotest® value (PTV) were performed using analysis of covariance. Intergroup comparisons of PTV and BiteStrip® scores were performed using the linear mixed model and Wilcoxon signed-rank test, respectively. Intragroup comparisons of BiteStrip® scores were performed using the Mann--Whitney U test. Results: At T6, the PTV in the intervention group was significantly lower than that in the control group (p=0.004). PTV was significantly lower at T6 than that at T0 in the intervention group (p=0.030), while PTV was significantly higher at T6 than that at T0 in the control group (p=0.007). There was no significant difference in the BiteStrip® score between the two groups. The BiteStrip® score at T6 was significantly lower than that at T0 only in the intervention group (p=0.011). Conclusion: ND placement might inhibit the increase in mobility of RPD abutment teeth and be effective in protecting them in RPD wearers with SB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the 3-year cumulative survival rates of posterior single monolithic zirconia crowns (MZCs) and their antagonists, and to analyze the influencing factors. Methods: The clinical outcomes of posterior single MZCs and their abutment teeth with antagonists, and the antagonists between April 2014 and September 2020 were evaluated retrospectively. The 3-year cumulative survival rates were calculated and associations between the survival time and predictor variables ("Jaw", "Tooth", and "Pulpal condition") were also verified using Cox proportional hazards models and hazard ratios (HRs). Results: The 3-year cumulative survival rate of single MZCs was 89.8% (9 of 177 MZCs, 95% confidence interval (CI): 80.0-95.1%). Cox proportional hazards models showed non-vital teeth were significantly associated with failure (HR: 2.76e + 9, P = 0.012). The 3-year cumulative survival rate of antagonists was 94.8% (7 of 171 antagonists, 95% CI: 89.3-97.6%). Non-vital antagonists were also identified as an independent predictor for failure in Cox proportional hazards models (HR: 7.83, P = 0.03). Conclusion: Although posterior single MZCs were clinically acceptable, non-vital pulpal condition could be a potential risk factor for failures in the abutment and antagonist teeth of MZCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Progressive wear of the components of an implant-supported overdenture can lead to loss of denture retention, which affects masticatory function and the patient's quality of life. The primary objective of this in vitro study was to investigate frictional wear in a type of commonly used abutment and thereby estimate the general clinical lifespan of a typical stud abutment and establish a protocol for replacement. Therefore, simulated overdenture insertions and removals equivalent to 2 years of overdenture use were performed to evaluate surface changes in the metal stud abutment component. A digital caliper, scanning electron micrographs taken at x500 magnification, and profilometer data were used to determine the wear rate and surface roughness. A universal testing machine was used to measure retention load force with 4 clear male nylon inserts (5.0-lb retention) during 2160 insertion and removal cycles. The results showed that with a 6-month replacement program for clear male nylon inserts, the frictional wear on the titanium nitride coating of abutments placed at a 0° position resulted in a decrease of up to 50% in removal forces of the inserts after a simulated 2 years of wear. The combination of wear of the titanium nitride coating and the decrease in retention load values suggests that stud abutments should be replaced after 2 years of use for optimal retention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The provision of resin-retained bridges (RRBs) on abutment teeth that require composite resin build-ups often proves challenging. This article presents a technique, represented through two clinical cases, that aims to reduce some of the issues associated with such scenarios. It describes the simultaneous cementation of the RRB while also undertaking composite resin additions. It showcases the advantages of such a technique – particularly in terms of maximizing enamel surface area available for bonding to the retainer, and thereby potentially improving the longevity of the prosthesis. CPD/Clinical Relevance: Careful design and execution is required when providing resin-retained bridgework. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article titled "Suggested Fee Guide Coding and Dental Claims/Plans Questions" provides information on coding and dental claims for extensive or complicated restorative dentistry. It addresses specific questions related to procedures such as root banking, coronectomy, splinting, and recementation. The article emphasizes the importance of using the appropriate procedure codes and provides guidelines for provisional coverage in extensive or complicated restorative dentistry. It also offers additional resources for dental practitioners seeking more information on dental claim form completion and best practices. [Extracted from the article]

Patient: This clinical report describes treatment with a double-crown-retained removable dental prosthesis fabricated using an intraoral scanner (IOS) and computer-aided design/manufacturing technology (CAD/CAM). A 68-year-old female patient presented with complaints of missing maxillary right first and left second premolars. CAD/CAM technology was applied to plan treatment with a double-crown-retained removable dental prosthesis. The patient consented to this treatment option but did not want orthodontic treatment for the anterior crossbite of the right side. After the definitive preparation of the abutment teeth, the shape of the provisional restoration was adjusted to match the definitive prosthesis. An IOS was used to obtain digital scans of the provisional restoration, occlusion, antagonist arch, and prepared surface of the abutment teeth. First, the primary crowns were milled from cobalt-chromium alloy. Next, using an intraoral scanner, a pickup impression of the primary crowns was performed, and the secondary crowns were designed, milled, and veneered. After delivery, the patient expressed satisfaction with the functionality, esthetics, and fit of the double-crown-retained removable dental prosthesis. Discussion: The surface of the primary crowns was coated with scan spray when the pick-up impression was made using the IOS. Practice is needed to achieve a thin and homogeneous coating with scan spray to improve reproducibility. Conclusion: Double-crown-retained removable dental prostheses can be successfully fabricated using an IOS and CAD/ CAM technology, resulting in patient satisfaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To analyze the causes of debonding of computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) indirect resin composite premolar crowns with a focus on the morphological factors of the crown and abutment teeth. Methods: The clinical courses of 109 CAD/CAM indirect resin composite crowns were observed, and the patients’ background characteristics, crown locations, luting methods, types of abutments, distal-most/non-distal-most molars, and types of resin blocks were confirmed. To investigate the influence of the morphology of the crown and abutment teeth, the 1) vertical dimension of the abutment teeth, 2) taper, and 3) thickness of the crown occlusal surface during events were measured from the three-dimensional digital data. The Kaplan-Meier method and multivariable Cox proportional hazard model were used for the statistical analyses. The nonlinearity of the effect of each comparison factor was included in the model. Results: Complications included 21 debonding cases, two crown fractures, five root fractures, and two core de bondings. The cumulative no-debonding and no-crown-fracture rate over 1423 days (3 years and 11 months) was 77.4%. The multivariable Cox regression analysis revealed that the abutment teeth type of tooth (first or second premolar) (P = 0.02) and luting materials (P < 0.01) significantly influenced the debonding frequency. All morphological factors (1-3) significantly influenced the debonding. The hazard ratios and nonlinear graph indicated that the crown thickness was less effective than the vertical dimension and taper. Conclusion: The combination analysis of clinical outcomes and 3D digital data revealed that preparation of the abutment is important for avoiding crown debonding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, metal-free restoration has become the standard in prosthetic treatment. However, it is still unclear which combination is most effective in preventing root fracture and secondary caries. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of different post systems, crown materials, crown thickness and luting agents on the stress distribution around the crown margins, cervical dentin and the tip of the post. Ninety-six mandibular first premolar models were developed and analyzed using finite element analysis (FEA). Two designs of crowns, six kinds of crown materials, four types of post and core systems and two kinds of luting agents were included and evaluated for the stress distribution within the abutment teeth. The Von Mises stress magnitudes were compared among all models. The stress at the tip of the post decreased as the young's modulus of luting agent decreased; The stress concentrated more at the cervical area (dentin and crown), as the physical properties of the crown material increased. Crowns fabricated using polyetheretherketone (PEEK) can reduce the stress concentration at the cervical area, so it may be possible to reduce the amount of tooth reduction during abutment tooth preparation. The stress distribution around the post tip is affected by the post and core systems and luting agent, regardless of crown materials and thickness. When inserting a post of the higher Young's modulus such as zirconia post, methyl methacrylate luting cement can reduce the stress concentration at the tip of the post. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The primary aim was to investigate survival rate of zirconia versus metal abutments, and the secondary aim was clinical outcomes of all-ceramic versus metal-ceramic crowns on single-tooth implants. Patients with tooth-agenesis participated to previously published prospective clinical study with 3-year follow-up were recalled after 5 years. Biological variables included survival and success rate of implants, marginal bone level, modified Plaque and Sulcus Bleeding Index and biological complications. Technical variables included restoration survival rate, marginal adaptation and technical complications. The aesthetic outcome of crowns and peri-implant mucosa in addition to patient-reported outcome were recorded. Descriptive analysis, linear mixed model for quantitative data, or generalized linear mixed model for ordinal categorical data were applied; significance was set to 0.05. Fifty-three patients (mean age: 32.4 years), with 89 implants participated to the 5-years examination. The implants supported 50 zirconia abutments with 50 all-ceramic (AC) crown and 39 metal abutments with 29 metal-ceramic (MC) and 10 AC crowns. The Implant and restoration survival rate was 100% and 96%, respectively. No clinically relevant biological difference between implants supporting metal or zirconia abutments was registered. The technical complications were veneering fracture of AC-crowns (n = 3), crown loosening of MC-crowns (n = 4) and one abutment screw loosening (MC-crown on metal abutment). MC-crowns had significantly better marginal adaptation than AC-crowns (p =.01). AC-crowns had significantly better color and morphology than MC-crowns (p =.01). Zirconia-based single-tooth restorations are reliable alternative materials to metal-based restorations with favorable biological and aesthetic outcome, and few technical complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the tooth portion evaluated and the colors of the abutment tooth and resin luting agent on the final color of monolithic zirconia crowns. Methods: Monolithic zirconia crowns were fabricated for left maxillary central incisors using two shades (A2 and A3) of highly translucent monolithic zirconia disks. A model of the abutment tooth was fabricated using resin core materials (white: W; dentin: D). The color of the crowns was measured with try-in pastes (clear: C; brown: B) as a resin-luting agent substitute. The measurement was performed after placing the crown on the model with the attached abutment tooth with try-in paste. The color of three labial portions (cervical, body, and incisal) was evaluated using a dental spectrophotometer. The color difference (ΔE) between the CIELab values of the zirconia disks and the final measurement of zirconia crowns was calculated. Results: The ΔE between the crown of the A2 shade and the zirconia disk of the A2 shade had the highest ΔE value in the body portion with W-B (ΔE=3.92). Similarly, the A3 shade had the highest ΔE value in the cervical portion, with W-B (ΔE=4.27). The results of three-way ANOVA showed that the ΔE values were influenced by the tooth portion evaluated and the color of the abutment tooth. Conclusion: The final color of the monolithic zirconia crowns was significantly influenced by the tooth portion evaluated and the color of the abutment tooth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Fabrication inaccuracies can compromise the fit of large-span monolithic zirconia restorations. Sintering distortion is a particular problem. This study aimed to assess the fit of full-arch restorations made from monolithic zirconia for different abutment configurations. Methods: To quantify fit inaccuracies created during the fabrication of experimental large-span restorations, an in-vitro model with eight abutment teeth was equipped with strain gauges. Ten 14-unit restorations were made from monolithic zirconia and seated on the model in turn. For each of the ten restorations, measurements were taken for three different abutment configurations—polygonal, quadrangular, and unilaterally shortened. Strains exerted during seating were recorded in the anterior-posterior and buccal-palatal directions, and the resulting horizontal forces (rhF) were calculated along with the respective abutment deflection (ad). Data were analyzed using Kruskal–Wallis tests at a significance level of 0.05. Results: All restorations could be seated on the multi-abutment model. The restorations exhibited fabrication misfits, tending to be too wide. Mean rhF/ad were largest for the quadrangular configuration (16.8±2.9 N/0.065 mm) and smallest for the polygonal configuration (13.6±4.5 N/0.053 mm). The largest rhF/ad were measured on abutments of the unilaterally shortened configuration, with a maximum deflection of 0.126 mm. For two of three configurations, rhF/ad were significantly larger for the distal abutments than for the other abutments. Conclusion: Even if milling and sintering procedures are optimum, misfit-induced horizontal forces cannot be avoided. Because of the natural tooth mobility, however, the fit of full-arch restorations made from monolithic zirconia might be clinically acceptable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An 86 year old lady presented with numerous missing teeth, failing restorations, unstable dentures and a fractured provisional crown on her upper left canine. After a thorough pre-operative assessment and diagnostic planning, provisional restorations were provided to help the definitive treatment planning. The prosthodontic treatment involved fixed prostheses in the maxillary arch, followed by maxillary and mandibular tooth and mucosa supported cobalt chromium removable prostheses. This was provided at an increased occluso-vertical dimension in centric relation. CPD/Clinical Relevance: This article illustrates techniques to optimize removable partial prostheses by using abutment teeth to their full potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to determine the influence of height and thickness of the one wall remaining coronal tooth structure on the fracture resistance of an endodontically treated root with resin abutment build-up using resin composite and fiber-reinforced resin composite post. Static and dynamic fracture tests were performed by placing the remaining tooth wall on the tensile side and applying loads at an angle of 30° from the tooth axis. Superior static fracture resistance was observed when the wall remaining on the tooth had a height and thickness greater than 1.0 mm. The dynamic fatigue test showed high loading capacity or fracture resistance in specimens with large height and thickness. The dynamic fatigue test showed the influence of the remaining tooth structure on fracture resistance clearly. In conclusion, the static and dynamic fracture resistances increased with the height and thickness of the one wall remaining tooth structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inserting a presurgically fabricated provisional restoration at the time of implant placement can be problematic if and when the provisional does not fit. The 3-dimensional position of the implant iii the mouth typically is not as critical as the long-axis rotational orientation of the implant, which is known as "timing." During implant placement, it is often desirable to have one of the implant's internal hexagon flats iii a specific rotational position (ie, timing) that enables the use of orientation-specific hexed abutments. Achieving timing with a high level of accuracy, however, is challenging. This article presents a proposed solution to this dilemma that eliminates any concern for implant timing during surgery by transferring the anti-rotation control from the implant's internal hex to the provisional restoration itself via the use of anti-rotational wing(s). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aimed to compare the short-term effects of thermoplastic resin removable partial dentures (TR-RPDs), referred to as non-metal clasp dentures, with those of metal-clasp-retained RPDs (MC-RPDs) on the periodontal health of abutment teeth. Methods: A randomized cross-over trial was conducted in 28 partially dentate patients. Participants were randomized into two groups and received MC-RPDs followed by TR-RPDs, or vice versa, for 3 months. Periodontal clinical parameters, such as the plaque index, gingival index, probing pocket depth, tooth mobility, and microbiological status of the abutment teeth, were evaluated at the delivery and 3 months after using each RPD. Results: Of the 28 patients enrolled, 24 (mean age, 67.3 years) completed the trial, and 55 abutment teeth were evaluated. The periodontal condition of the abutment teeth did not deteriorate after 3 months of using both types of RPDs. There was no statistically significant difference in the plaque index, gingival index, probing pocket depth, tooth mobility, and the red complex bacteria between TR- and MC-RPDs (p >0.05). The Periotest value for TR-RPDs was significantly lower than that for MC-RPDs (p <0.05). However, this difference was not clinically significant. Conclusions: These results suggest that the influence of TR-RPDs on the periodontal health of abutment teeth was limited within 3 months of use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To compare the effect of 4-META/MMA-TBB resin, which can provide hybrid layer formation, and acid-base cements on survival, complications, and failure risks of full-coverage retainers evaluated for 15 years. Methods: A total of 1,161 abutment teeth in 260 patients treated with at least one single crown or fixed partial denture were recalled for clinical examination. Survival was defined as not having undergone extraction of abutments or renewal of prostheses. Secondary caries, pulp necrosis, or prosthesis detachment were recorded as complications. Survival and complications rates were analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test. Multivariable analysis of factors associated with failure or complications using Cox's proportional hazard regression model was performed (a = 0.05). Results: Significant differences were observed in survival (p = 0.007), secondary caries (p = 0.000), and prosthesis detachment (p = 0.025) complications between luting agents. The 5-, 10-, and 15-year survival rates for 4-META/MMA-TBB resin were 95.2%, 90.5%, and 90.5%, while those of acid-base cements were 93.2%, 80.6, and 67.4%, respectively. Secondary caries and prosthesis detachment complications for 4-META/MMA-TBB resin were 1.9% and 0.5%, whereas those for acidbase cements were 15.2% and 4.3% respectively. Acid-base cements were associated with a 1.664-, 2.950-, 3.333-, and 4.444-times greater risk of failure, prosthesis renewal, secondary caries, and prosthesis detachment, respectively. Conclusion: 4-META/MMA-TBB resin has higher long-term survival rate with lesser caries, and prosthesis detachment than acid-base cements. The ability of this resin to create an acid-base resistant hybrid layer may contribute to a life-long function of tooth abutment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This retrospective study evaluated the periodontal tissues of the abutment teeth of removable partial dentures (RPDs) with rigid retainers and major connectors in patients with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). Methods: A total of 313 patients who had been treated with RPDs, including rigid retainers and major connectors, were divided into two groups: T2D and non-T2D. The periodontal parameters and radiographic bone heights of the abutment teeth were evaluated at baseline and at a 5-year examination during supportive periodontal therapy (SPT). For patients with accessible standardized radiographs, bone density was analyzed based on the gray level (GL) using digital subtraction radiography (n = 83). Results: Overall, 739 abutment teeth (86 in the T2D group) of 235 patients (25 in the T2D group) were analyzed, and 95.0% (94.2% in the T2D group, and 95.2% in the non-T2D group) were maintained. The mean probing pocket depth significantly increased in both groups (p < 0.001). There were significant changes in the radiographic bone height (p = 0.038) and GL on the side of the denture base area (p = 0.048) in the T2D group compared to those in the non-T2D group. Conclusion: Regardless of T2D, RPDs with rigid retainers and major connectors could prevent the progression of periodontal disease and successfully maintain most of the abutment teeth during 5-years of SPT. However, T2D may be significantly associated with loss of bone height reduction and density on the side of the denture base area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This study aims to evaluate the clinical assessment results of periimplant soft tissue with morse taper (internal abutment connection). Methods: The study was conducted using a rapid review by searching the articles from PubMed NCBI and Cochrane by using keywords. All articles were selected by the year, duplication, title, abstract, full-text, and finally, all selected articles were processed for final review. Following clinical parameters were included; Periimplant Probing Pocket Depth (PPD), Plaque Score (PS), modified Plaque Index (mPI), Mucosal Thickness (MTh), Gingival Height (GH), periimplant mucosal zenith, Pink Esthetic Score (PES), Bleeding On Probing (BOP), Sulcus Bleeding Index (SBI), and modified Gingival Index (mGI). Results: 9 selected articles were obtained from the initial literature searching count of 70 articles. The overall samples included 326 morse taper implants. Based on the evaluation, 3 out of 4 articles reported pocket depth < 4 mm, no bleeding was reported in 2 out of 4 articles. 4 out of 4 articles reported low plaque accumulation, low soft tissue recession was reported in 3 out of 3 articles, and 4 out of 4 articles reported acceptable PES values. Conclusion: The evaluations indicate that the morse taper (internal abutment connection) has favorable assessment results based on various clinical parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]