Search

The article delves into the implementation and impact of Constituency Development Funds (CDFs) within The Gambia's National Assembly, evaluating their allocation, management procedures, and comparing them with similar initiatives in Zambia, Kenya, Tanzania, and Nigeria. It discusses the rationale behind CDFs, their financial distribution among parliamentarians, and the various perspectives, both supportive and critical, regarding the effectiveness and potential drawbacks of such funds.

The current research aimed at addressing the trends, challenges, and opportunities in agricultural economics. The constant development in agricultural economics warrants a better understanding of such changes to help with effective decision making in agriculture. Consecutively, a review of literature has enabled the research to identify three trends; organic farming, agroforestry, and climatesmart agriculture. The research used secondary data and primary data when conducting the thematic analysis. The findings from the analysis revealed that opportunities such as consumer demand, profitability, and government subsidies motivated the farmers into undertaking sustainable practices. Meanwhile, the challenges such as time constraint, farm size, and access to equipment and expert skills acted as barriers that prevented the farmers from adopting sustainable practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The foundations of education, knowledge, information and the formation of social consciousness in the spirit of sustainable development of states, economies, societies, is currently regarded as one of the most important and urgent tasks facing the social, environmental and philosophical sciences. These aspects include the behavioural perception of the world with social individualism, subjective determinants and perceptual limitations of individuals. The main objective of the study is to identify the role and importance of education about the economics of sustainability and to highlight the fact that its dimension is also determined by subjective aspects. The specific objective is to analyse the public's opinion on the willingness to pay extra for the protection of the natural environment. The thesis of the article is:: "The role of education on sustainable development is significant, and the knowledge accumulated in the education-information process contributes significantly to generating a high level of natural-ecological awareness in society." The results of the study confirmed the importance of education, but the respondents did not show a high level of natural-ecological awareness, as they did not expand their knowledge in this area. The higher education played the smallest role in the education process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of innovation on the performance of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Vietnam. Design/methodology/approach: The paper uses data from the surveys on SMEs in Vietnam conducted by the Development Economics Research Group at the University of Copenhagen, the United Nations University's World Institute for Development Economics Research, Central Institute for Economic Management and Institute of Labor Science and Social Affairs, and applies least squared regressions and 2SLS regressions to examine the effect of innovation on the performance of SMEs. Findings: The authors find that SMEs with innovation tend to perform better than SMEs without innovation. The authors further show that the positive effect of innovation on firm performance mainly comes from the effect of improvement of existing products, an important type of innovation in SMEs. This result is persistent when the authors use propensity matching score and 2SLS regression with instrumental variable approaches. Overall, the results show the important role of innovation in enhancing the firm performance of SMEs, which sheds light on the literature on the controversial relation between innovation and SMEs performance in the world. Research limitations/implications: The major limitation of the paper is the lack of data. Although the database used in the paper is widely used to analyze SMEs in Vietnam, it covers about 2,500 firms in only nine provinces/cities in Vietnam. Practical implications: Policymakers should enact relevant policies to support SMEs with innovation activities, thereby increasing firm performance and their competitiveness. For instance, encouragement policies or financial incentives (tax reduction or subsidies) for innovative firms should be implemented and/or fostered. Originality/value: To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first paper to examine the effect of different types of innovation on the performance of SMEs in Vietnam. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research paper is an attempt to demonstrate the significant role of the health economics in the development and strengthening of the health care system. Health economics using general economy theories related to individual goods and markets of medical services can provide valuable clues for the analysis of health systems, taking into account their organizational and functional structure. In recent years, health economics it has become one of the most important economy industries due to increasing health costs that have mainly caused state budget deficits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the need for new specifications in business and economics education, focusing on the topics of curriculum development, the role of productivity, ethical considerations, and the importance of value-added and innovation in a changing global economy.

The aim of this study was to determine the development of the Coe-Tvet Model in Economics and Creative Business in Vocational High Schools. In this case, 1) Prepare a strategic plan and roadmap for the development of CoE TVET in the creative economy and business, 2) Describe a description of the competencies that must be possessed in the creative economy and business sector, 3) Design an appropriate form of training to build competence in the economic and business fields. creative business. This program is a solution to the challenges of developing vocational education related to improving vocational conditions that are in line with the needs of the world of work. The method used in this research is the research and development (R&D) method. This program enhances the previous program, namely the Vocational Center of Excellence (CoE) program, where this program focuses on developing improved learning in the world of work, teachers and vocational school principals, as well as facilities and infrastructure. Meanwhile, the Vocational Center of Excellence program currently focuses on strengthening the competence of teachers and education personnel and bringing the world of education closer to the world of professional work. Conclusion: Superior vocational schools are expected to be able to develop vocational education that is increasingly relevant to changing community needs following the development of the business/industry world and supports local wisdom/excellence in certain sectors or supports economic development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the article, the author discusses the need for teachers to teach A level Economics subject outside the specifications issued by British authorities and identifies areas of economics specifications that can be expanded to improve student learning.

Copyright of Social & Economic Studies is the property of University of the West Indies - Mona and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study investigates community development in the online economics classroom through the presence of meaningful interaction within discussion board activities. The coding of discussion threads suggests that optimally restructuring discussion board activities lead to improved student-to-student interactions as evidenced by an increase in social and/or personal content, internal references, and personable/casual tone. In this study, restructuring discussions led students to express higher levels of procommunity agreement. This work provides further support that the formulation of discussion board structure is crucial in promoting meaningful interaction and community development that leads to improved outcomes in the online economics classroom. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An advancement that includes the intellectual history of development ethics is examined in this paper. Relying upon contributions of distinguished scholars, this inquiry considers the intellectual history of the sub-field known as "development ethics". Special attention is paid to the pioneering development ethicist Denis Goulet, recognized as the founder of the field. The paper concentrates on individual contributions on a variety of issues, emphasizing linkages to Goulet's conception of tasks, methods and normative principles. Students of international development can benefit from this distinctive perspective where ethics is integrated into economic development, disclosing an enlightened perspective of an ethical developing world. Overall, the goal is to establish development ethics as an important subcategory of development economics in regards with its ethical aspects and one which deserves greater attention from economists and development studies scholars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The development of behavioural economics influenced significantly the progress of studies related to decision making. The acquis of behavioural economics could be used in the public sector worldwide and they are applied more commonly in public politics. In practice, as its proved globally, the cosmetic changes supported by the behavioural knowledge help administration work efficiently without making big reforms, financial or organizational costs. Those changes go together with the knowledge development of behavioural economics and thanks to the growing number of studies related to the exploitation of behavioural techniques in the public institutions around the world. The same situation is observed in the public institutions in Poland where the behavioural techniques are being applied. The article shows how the subject related knowledge is practiced in Polish public sector basing on The Polish Economic Institute's report "Simpler, cheaper and more effective, in other words, how behavioural economics supports public policies in Poland". This report is an introduction to studies in this area. It shows that some behavioural techniques are used more often while others are rarely applied in Polish public sector. The article analyzes why the behavioural techniques in Poland are still rarely applied. It proposes solutions which could help to create the strategic behavioural public policy, following the example of other countries, first of all the necessity of strict cooperation of the Polish public sector with behavioural economics study experts and centers located in Poland and abroad. It would allow to know better new methodological approaches of behavioural public sector in the world to design and test interventions in Poland. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prague Economic Papers, 2021, 30 (2), 245-250, https://doi.org/10.18267/j.pep.772 245 CRITICAL LITERATURE REVIEW ON TAX AVOIDANCE Petr Procházka a1 Cobham, A., Jansky, P.: Estimating Illicit Financial Flows: A Critical Guide to the Data, Methodologies and Findings Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2020. To name some general drawbacks: firstly, the work in itself is a macro-level study from a tax authority standpoint that does not dive deep into real actions of transnational corporations and their causes; it does not discuss which proportion of the allegedly "illicit" is truly motivated by tax avoidance and which only reflects the business needs (as mentioned in Procházka, forthcoming 2020). Also, Cobham and Jansky recommend taxing rights to be monitored and information to be collected at the UN level, not with standards for partial enforcement (OECD) or regionally valid (EU). These two sentences would summarise the main argument that Alex Cobham and Petr Jansky are putting forward in their recent work. [Extracted from the article]

This study investigates if developing nations implementing the inflation targeting monetary policy are more successful in attracting FDI cash flows relative to both developed nations practicing inflation targeting, as well as nations utilizing alternative monetary policies. Subsequently, we investigate based on regional- cultural clusters where inflation targeting is most successful for attracting FDI. Our results provide two primary contributions to the inflation targeting literature: (i) inflation targeting has a positive impact on attracting FDI for Lower-Middle Income nations, but not for Upper-Middle Income or High Income nations; (ii) inflation targeting is most successful in regional-cultural clusters with a larger representation of Middle Income nations rather than High Income Nations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On current trends most people will not have access to a formal pension. We do not naturally save for retirement. We lack the "chipmunk chip". Today, most elders depend on their family for support, but families are decreasing and disintegrating. Here we explore the alternative ofsaving for retirement through spending. Not everybody works (formally or not), but almost everybody spends. Thanks to technology is now possible to establish a robust savings platform that enables people to save very small amounts each time they spend. Behavioral economics developments have found ways to encourage people to do so. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses globalization the process by which countries reduce trade barriers and integrate with the rest of the global economy—has proved to be a contentious issue. Topics include the benefits of globalization stem from the fact that forced monopolies to compete in world markets; and liberalizing the nontradable sector has essential to exports' becoming competitive in world markets.

Panel on Labour Codes and Women Workers' Rights A Panel on Labour Codes and Women Workers' Rights with thematic presentations was jointly organised by the Indian Association of Women's Studies (IAWS) and the ISLE. A second feature of the rural workforce is that the typical rural male worker can be characterised as "manual worker", engaged in a variety of jobs during the year rather than being solely working as an agricultural worker. She emphasised that together evidence from the village time-use surveys and the experience of participation in NREGS show that far more rural women are workers than is now reported, and if adequate employment opportunities were provided, the proportion of women workers would rise much more. To reduce the gender gap in wages, gender discrimination needs to be reduced in wages directly as well as indirectly by various means, including enforcement of minimum wages and the creation of high-wage employment opportunities in the non-agricultural sector. In the truest sense, recognition of labour-related issues and thus labour laws can be traced back to the 1970s - though laws to protect organised/formal sector workers (< 7-8% of the workers) existed since much earlier - when the challenges of employment and poverty of, especially the rural poor, were first recognised. [Extracted from the article]

Remarkably, the treatise did not appear in print until 1818 and Mr Clarke plausibly suggests that it may have been the surge of European canal building which followed the Napoleonic Wars that stung Maillard into belated publication. In September 1795, Austrian engineer and army officer Sebastian von Maillard arrived at Yarmouth accompanied by some engineering colleague-companions to make a through exploration of the British canal network. Technology, economics and canal development - an early technical book and what it reveals including a translation of instructions for the design and implementation of navigable canals by sebastian von maillard (1817). by MIKE CLARKE: 240 pp., numerous b&w illustrations; 71 in colour; 9 maps; 10 tables. [Extracted from the article]

Despite a profusion of literature, efforts to develop Islamic economics as a discipline have not brought about anticipated results. This paper argues that it is the absence of clarity on what would make economics "Islamic" which impedes the development of Islamic economics. To fill that absence, this paper proposes three conditions under which an economics can be considered "Islamic", and then defines the scope of Islamic economics and its methods. Finally, this paper suggests three implications which, taken together, entail that developing Islamic economics and building its body of knowledge is less complicated than was feared. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Development Studies is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Different fields of science from philosophy and institutional theory to theories of management, technological development and economics explore innovative transformations -- mainly in terms of technical and institutional changes. However, since the relations concerning innovative transformations are meta-relations uniting the entire society and do not entirely fit into one of particular disciplines, it is necessary to create a unified meta-scientific theoretical and methodological basis for the theory of innovation development. This paper suggests an approach to the analysis of innovative transformations and shows that innovative development in the economy largely depends on the development effectiveness of the innovation development metasystem. The proposed model of the latter develops disciplines comprising a management component and involving innovative transformations in society. It can be used as a theoretical basis for analyzing the historical process and improving the innovative institutions that ensure the manageability and effectiveness of innovative processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to the recent development in capabilities of smart mobile devices, their growing penetration rate among students, and the positive impacts of mobile apps on students’ motivation and performance, it is possible to take advantage of these devices to design an app for learning Economics. The aim of this project is to develop the Economics mobile app for secondary school students in Malaysia which can offer ubiquitous self-learning among students. The design is based on information processing model that emphasizes cognitive processes in learning. This paper discusses the development of the app which is named EconsF4. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Mondes en Developpement is the property of De Boeck Universite and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Circular Economy (CE) has been identified as a sustainable alternative to the current linear economic model. Thus far, research on the circular economy has focused on methods for better conserving the value in material flows. As the CE is currently being adopted as a sustainable development strategy in, e.g., China and the EU, identifying and comparing the drivers of and barriers to CE implementation would be beneficial for the acceleration of the development path. To contribute toward this research area, we built on institutional theory via a multiple case study covering China, the US, and Europe. We analyzed each region as an institutional environment and considered manufacturer and integrator types of value chain actors due to their central role in CE implementation. As our key findings, we identified that the general drivers of the CE from each institutional environment support recycling as the primary CE action, while support for other CE types appears to be lacking. Regulatory measures have primarily driven increased recycling efforts on both the integrator and manufacturer sides. Similarly, identified normative indicators overwhelmingly point toward recycling, while increasing reuse faces cultural-cognitive barriers. Between regions, China differs due to its informal sector and strong regulative institutional support. We conclude that to improve institutional support for the CE and allow it to fulfill its potential as a sustainable growth model, diversified institutional support for reducing the products produced and materials used as well as increasing reuse are needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From the perspective of development economics, this paper analyzes the dynamic changes of tourism economic effects during the process of new-type urbanization, explains the connotation of new-type urbanization and establishes an indicator system for its evaluation. Entropy method is used to determine corresponding weights and measure the level of new-type urbanization in coastal cities of China from 2000 to 2019. A panel threshold model is adopted with new-type urbanization as a threshold variable, empirically testing the impact of tourism on regional economy during different phases. Results show that: (1) During the sampling period, the level of new-type urbanization in coastal cities all increases, but the increment speed of each city is different, with Shenzhen, Zhuhai, Guangzhou and Shanghai in the leading level. (2) There is a double threshold effect of tourism on regional economic development in coastal cities, that is, tourism economic effect in coastal cities shows a significant trend of gradually strengthening when new-type urbanization crosses two thresholds (0.323 and 0.386). (3) Promoting effect of tourism on economic development presents regional heterogeneity in coastal cities of China. Thereinto, tourism economic effect of coastal cities in East China shows the most significant improvement in the stages of new-type urbanization development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Investigación Económica is the property of Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Facultad de Economia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper analyzes the concrete experience of a communitarian economy (Sarayaku) from which empirical evidence may be drawn to enhance debates around development, post-development, and sumak kawsay . Some forms of land exploitation and social organization in rural communities such as this may better illustrate the communitarian economy and can provide solid and specific clarification of certain aspects of sumak kawsay . Analysis of these realities and their theoretical implications within current debates about development are the contribution of this work. In particular, the analysis of Sarayaku allows, first, to identify a non-capitalist economic rationality; second, to show some conditions of biocentrism; and, third, to verify the difficulties of translating these experiences to different territorial environments On this basis, we conclude with the difficulties of maintaining the communitarian economy, its social organization and its form of land exploitation in rural communities in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Medunarodni Problemi is the property of Institute of International Politics & Economics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Social & Economic Studies is the property of University of the West Indies - Mona and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The public finance sector is a crucial part of the national economy. The steps of the economic processes of public sector organizations, the appearing phases and the explored processes constitute a unified system. These complex economic processes are ruled by strict regulations with a limited possibility for improvement. The demand for improving business (economic) processes has a very wide literature and is very popular even among public finance experts. The topic is very relevant today as there are a lot of debates and confusions regarding the boundaries and scope of methods. In this paper we would like to collect and systemize these process oriented tools and methods from a historical, - as well as - from a public finance point of view, researching the most important and influential academic journals. As the business focused approach of process improvement is inherently becoming attractive for public finance organizations, we also examine the service orientation of these methods and tools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prof. Tan Chongtai is a well-known economist in China. He is generally acknowledged to be the first scholar who introduces western development economics into China. For many years, on the basis of introduction of western development economics, he persistently innovates. He has made a series of significant research achievements in the areas of theoretical framework and basic principles of development economics, history of thoughts on economic development, new advances of development economics, comparative history of economic development and utilizing development economics to China. All these achievements have established his high prestige in China's academic circles and have made international impacts as well. The four books edited and written by him from a main clue that reflect Prof. Tan's outstanding contributions to his introduction and innovation of development economics and his promotion of the studies on development economics in China [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]