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Rail transit systems, one of the important public transportation (PT) systems, are widespread in large cities to satisfy passengers or commuters for their daily trips. However, rail transportation (RT) investments are costly, and the budgets are minimal. Thus assessing RT systems in big cities play a crucial role in deciding on the best RT investment. In this study, for the first time, a two-stage fuzzy set is used among the multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) studies in the area of transportation. The proposed method is a unique technique integrating the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Vise Kriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje (VIKOR) techniques with an extension of Pythagorean fuzzy sets. In this manner, datasets from the observations of three rail lines in Antalya, one of the largest cities in Turkey, are applied to the proposed method. Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP), a commonly used MCDM method, is used to weighting four main criteria and thirteen sub-factors. AHP is strengthened by interval-valued Pythagorean fuzzy numbers (IVPFNs). The Fuzzy VIKOR (FVIKOR) approach is then applied for the prioritization of three rail line alternatives. Results are achieved by analyzing not only real RT service observations, also actual RT expenditures or costs. Consequently, the uncertainty in results is thus minimized. Outcomes of the case study reveal the most serviceable RT line in the city evaluating the main criteria, namely economy, comfort, environment, and safety. Therefore, the proposed approach methodologically contributes to adopting a new insight into the integration of MCDM methods with fuzzy set. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Right ventricular pseudoaneurysm is an extremely rare finding than left ventricular pseudoaneurysm, associated with high mortality. The diagnosis of right ventricle pseudoaneurysm is often challenging because of its rarity and lack of typical clinical features. However, advanced cardiac imaging techniques including CT angiogram and MRI can help a timely diagnosis to avoid a fatal outcome. Case presentation: The authors present the imaging findings of a right ventricular pseudoaneurysm in a 33-year-old male, presented with dyspnea and chest pain after exertion for 2 weeks. The gated CT and cardiac MRI showed a small outpouching from the right ventricle apex into the pericardial space, consistent with a pseudoaneurysm. He underwent cardiac surgery and pseudoaneurysm resection with a favorable outcome. Conclusion: Right ventricular pseudoaneurysm is a very rare complication following right heart catheterization and a potentially life-threatening condition that requires prompt diagnosis and management. Though the lack of its typical clinical presentation is often a diagnostic challenge, advanced cardiac imaging techniques including CT angiogram and MRI may help a timely diagnosis to avoid a fatal outcome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Menopause is the permanent cessation of ovarian follicular activity and the menstrual cycle. There is little physiologic and histologic data concerning the possible effects of menopause on respiratory tract and possible beneficial agents for respiratory tract against the effects of menopause. The rat lungs and trachea have been obtainedfrom young and old rats which were treated with either vitamin D (VitD; 1000IU/kg/week),Fish oil (FO; 0.8 mL/kg/week) or exercise (running 45 minutes/3 times/week) for 12 weeks after one week overiectomy (OVX) followup. Oxidative stress markers found increased at OVX and OVX+E groups. However, oxidative stress marker levels were lower at OVX+E group than OVX group. Vitamin D and fish oil also caused decreased oxidative stress at lung tissue compared to OVX group. OVX group had histological changes such as epithelial desquamation, peribronchial smooth muscle hypertrophy, peribronchial lymphoid follicles, Type 2 pneumocyte hyperplasia; however, none of them was found at exercise group. Ovariectomy caused respiratory system effects in rats. Menopause cause oxidative stress; however, exercise, vitamin D and fish oil have protective effects against oxidative stress at lungs at different quantities. Ovariectomy group has the greatest damage compared to other groups. Exercise is the best protective modality against the effects of menopause at respiratory system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Turkish Yearbook of International Relations is the property of Ankara Universitesi, Faculty of Political Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cukurova Medical Journal / Çukurova Üniversitesi Tip Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Cukurova University, Faculty of Medicine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

BACKGROUND: The time and conditions may not be suitable for performing polysomnography (PSG) before urgent or emergent surgeries, for example, a coronary artery bypass graft. Unavailability in many centers, critical clinical situation, and inability to arrange a timely scheduled appointment are other limitations for PSG. In this study, we aimed to investigate if the STOP- BANG Questionnaire may predict obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) related postoperative pulmonary alterations during coronary artery surgery. METHODS: Sixty-one subjects who were scheduled to undergo elective isolated coronary artery bypass graft surgery and were consulted for preoperative pulmonary assessment were recruited to the study. The STOP-BANG Questionnaire was used with the subjects; then their relationship with postoperative complications was assessed. RESULTS: Results of the STOP-BANG Questionnaire revealed that 36.1% of subjects were at high risk for OSAS. Three groups were established according to the STOP-BANG Questionnaire (low risk, group 1; moderate risk, group 2; high risk, group 3) and study parameters, including PEEP value in ventilator, detection of apnea at ventilator, CPAP time after extubation, ... 1 h after extubation, postoperative hypoxemia, need for CPAP, and ICU length of stay revealed significant relationships among these groups. CONCLUSIONS: The STOP-BANG Questionnaire may predict the OSAS risk and OSAS-related pulmonary complications for patients who are candidates for a coronary artery bypass graft and unable to be evaluated with PSG before surgery due to technical or time-related limitations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Apitherapy is the medical use and the application of honey bee products and in recent years there has been a growing interest in studies of this field. We aimed to perform a bibliometric study in the apitherapy literature. We used Web of Science database in this study and our search retrieved a total of 6917 documents of which great majority (82.4%) was original articles. Brazil was found to ranked first on the publication number with 889 papers followed by the USA, China, Japan and Turkey. We measured a productivity score for each country and the most productive countries in apitherapy field were Switzerland (2.978), Croatia (2.074), and Bulgaria (1.840). Propolis was the most used keyword followed by bee venom, flavonoids, apis mellifera and apoptosis. A moderate correlation was detected between number of publications and GDP. To the best of our knowledge our study was the first in this area and we proposed that further studies should be supported in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Objective Telemedicine and teledermatology literature has a limited number of bibliometrics reports. We aimed to analyze telemedicine and teledermatology literature using the Institute for Scientific Information Web of Science database. Methods The statistical analysis of the documents published during 1980–2013 was performed. We also analyzed the correlations between economical productivities, humanity index, and technological advancement levels and performances of the countries in both fields. Results The USA ranked first in the telemedicine field with 3204 publications and 33.8% of the world production followed by the UK and Germany. In the teledermatology field, the USA was the first country again with 206 papers (36%) followed by the UK and Australia (104 and 50 papers, respectively). The most productive countries in telemedicine were Cyprus (30.03), Norway (28.19), and Australia (19.61). Austria ranked first (4.94) in terms of productivity in teledermatology followed by Norway (3.13), New Zealand (2.43), and Australia (2.13). A high correlation was found between number of publications and 2013 gross domestic product values of 60 countries ( r = 0.804, p < 0.001 for telemedicine and r = 0.721, p < 0.001 for teledermatology). A high correlation was detected between the number of telemedicine publications and gross domestic product per hour worked ( r = 0.712, p < 0.001) although moderate correlation was measured in teledermatology field ( r = 0.558, p < 0.05). We found a significant correlation between number of publications and human development index ( r = 0.779, p < 0.001 for telemedicine and r = 0.767, p < 0.001 for teledermatology). Conclusion Most items have been published from high-income, developed countries. Thus the physicians in undeveloped and developing countries, in which telemedicine and teledermatology applications are crucial to deliver medical care and services, should be encouraged to perform novel studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to make a holistic summary of the articles published in the field of Legal Medicine/Forensic Science through bibliometric methods, determine the top cited publications in the field, and to determine the most active journals and especially trend topics. The articles published in the field of Legal Medicine between the years 1975 and 2018 were downloaded from the Web of Science index and were analyzed using bibliometric methods. The correlations between the number of publications of the countries and the Gross Domestic Product (GDP), and the Gross Domestic Product per capita (GDP PPP) values was analyzed using the Spearman's correlation coefficient. The number of articles to be published in the field of Legal Medicine between the years 2019 and 2022 was estimated with linear regression analysis. The results showed that there were totally 38845 articles published in the field of Legal Medicine. Regression analysis results indicate that it will exceed 2500 publications after 2022. The most productive countries in the field of Legal Medicine were the USA (12.448, 32.045%). A high correlation was found between legal medicine publication productivity and GDP and GDP PPP (r = 0.726, p < 0.001; r = 0.703, p < 0.001). As for the collaboration between countries, analysis results showed that the network web indicated the most important factor as the geographical location. This study will provide important information to a forensic scientist (a doctor, academic, and practitioner). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although grayscale and Doppler ultrasound (US) findings of testicular torsion (TT) have previously been described in the literature, other US findings may provide more prognostic information to families. The authors hypothesized that a comprehensive analysis of US findings of TT that focused on time-dependent changes would lead to additional ultrasonographic morphologic findings and clinically relevant prognostic information. The authors reviewed the records of pediatric patients with acute TT from 2010 to 2017. The sizes and parenchymal characteristics of the torsed and contralateral testes on US were analyzed in relation to the time duration from the onset of scrotal pain to the time of surgery (0–6 h, 6–12 h, 12–24 h, 24–48 h, and >48 h), torsion degree, and clinical outcomes of the testes. Patient demographics, time intervals, and US measurements of the torsed and contralateral testes showed significant differences with respect to testicular viability (Summary Table). The mean volume ratios of torsed to contralateral testis showed significant differences between the 0–6 h and the 12–24 h time groups as well as the 6–12 h and the 12–24 h time groups (P = 0.003 and P = 0.035, respectively), as well as significant differences between the viable and non-viable testes (P = 0.005). Regarding testicular heterogeneity, two novel grayscale sonographic findings were noted: (1) multiple hypoechoic lines that were termed 'testicular fragmentation' and (2) hyperechoic patches that were termed 'testicular patching'. The presence of these two findings were significantly increased as TT time duration increased (P < 0.001), and these findings were significantly associated with testicular non-viability (P < 0.001). Torsion degree was also noted to be significantly higher in the non-viable testes (P < 0.001). Presence of hydrocele or scrotal edema also showed significant differences between the TT time groups (P < 0.001). The results of this study demonstrated ultrasonographic findings related to time dependent changes in TT and provided prognostic information regarding testicular viability. Specific US grayscale findings in torsed testes (testicular fragmentation and testicular patching) were identified that provide prognostic information regarding time duration of testicular torsion and testicular viability. Testicular fragmentation and testicular patching significantly increased as TT time increased, with increasing risk for testicular non-viability. Summary Table Patient demographics, time intervals, and ultrasound measurements of the torsed and contralateral testes, with respect to testicular viability. Summary Table Viable Testes (n = 108), Mean ± SD (min–max) Non-Viable Testes (n = 115), Mean ± SD (min–max) P Age (years) 13.58 ± 2.91 (1.9–18.01) 10.82 ± 5.02 (0.03–18.31) <0.001* Onset of Pain to US time (h) 12:57 ± 18:13 (1:28–97:12) 64:47 ± 53:04 (2:21–290:40) <0.001* US to surgery time (h) 2:21 ± 1:18 (0:37–7:47) 2:52 ± 1:44 (0:15–9:15) 0.006* Torsed testis size (ml) 11.87 ± 6.03 (0.46–28.86) 10.72 ± 13.25 (0.50–123.91) 0.020* Contralateral testis size (ml) 8.07 ± 4.46 (0.60–21.53) 6.37 ± 5.99 (0.13–30.43) 0.001* Torsed/contralateral testis ratio 1.64 ± 0.95 (0.73–9.35) 1.87 ± 0.92 (0.13–6.85) 0.005* US, ultrasound; h, hour; ml, milliliters. *Statistically significant P < 0.05 (Mann–Whitney U test), SD: Standard deviation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]