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La corretta scelta del colore può essere operata con il metodo tradizionale, basato sull’uso di scale colore, oppure utilizzando le recenti tecnologie di colorimetria, spettrofotometria digitale ed RGB (Red Green Blue Technology). Obiettivo del lavoro è confrontare l’uso di scale colore tradizionali e spettrofotometri al fine di valutare la loro efficacia.

In this study, we perform a data assimilation (DA) experiment on a very large number (>700) of small‐ and medium‐scale (150–10,000 km2) European catchments to assess the impact of satellite soil moisture (SM) DA on streamflow simulations for different climatic and hydrologic conditions. In the experiment, Climate Change Initiative SM active, passive and combined products are assimilated over a time period 2003–2016 via an Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF). The results show that, on average, the assimilation of the three products provides relatively small improvements as compared to analogous open loop (OL) results (i.e., with an increase on median Kling‐Gupta Efficiency equal to 0.0048, 0.0033, and 0.0022 [−] for the active, the passive, and the combined products, respectively). OL performance itself is found to be a significant driver of the assimilation results: greater improvements are observed in catchments with poor OL streamflow predictions and inaccurate precipitation estimates. The remotely sensed product accuracy also emerges as relevant for assimilation efficiency, while factors affecting SM retrievals such as vegetation density, topographic complexity and basin area are found to have only a limited impact on the spatial pattern of performance. Small and detrimental effects of SM assimilation are observed over fully humid catchments and at high latitudes where pre‐storm soil moisture has reduced control on runoff generation as well as in basins where the hydrological model contains structural limitations. The added value of satellite soil moisture assimilation on runoff simulations is assessed within 700 European catchmentsThe assimilation of the European Space Agency Climate Change Initiative, satellite soil moisture products show limited improvements, with the active product providing the best resultsThe impact of open loop model performance, remotely sensed data accuracy, climate conditions and catchment characteristics are evaluated The added value of satellite soil moisture assimilation on runoff simulations is assessed within 700 European catchments The assimilation of the European Space Agency Climate Change Initiative, satellite soil moisture products show limited improvements, with the active product providing the best results The impact of open loop model performance, remotely sensed data accuracy, climate conditions and catchment characteristics are evaluated

SummaryThe study was performed on 14 healthy volunteers in order to compare the pharmacokinetics and hence assess the bioequivalence of two different tablet formulations of diltiazem administered orally.The study was carried out after single doses (60 mg) and repeated doses (60 mg three times a day for six days and 60 mg on the seventh day) according to a randomised, cross-over, open design.The pharmacokinetic parameters AUC0-∞(ng h/ml), Tmax(h) and Cmax(ng/ml) were calculated for the two formulations after a single dose, while AUC t1-12( AUC for a repetitive dose interval or dosing cycle, ng h/ml) and PTF (peak trough fluctuation) were calculated after repeated doses.The bioequivalence assessment was the shortest 90 confidence interval for the ratio (difference) of expected medians in the respective bioequivalence range (0.80–1.20).The results of this study show that, after either a single dose or repeated doses of test or reference formulations of diltiazem, the pharmacokinetics of the two formulations are similar. The ratios of AUC on day 1 (for single-dose treatment) and on day 7 (for repeated-dose treatment), and the corresponding 90 confidence intervals demonstrate bioequivalence between the two formulations of diltiazem within the accepted range of 0.80–1.20(80–120).

The forces acting among three, and more, baryons, are discussed, in the framework of the (exactly solvable) field theoretical models of Lee and of Wentzel.

Das N‐Nitroimin (I) reagiert mit 2‐Amino‐pyridin (II) zu dem N‐Pyridylimin (III), welches zu einem Gemisch der isomeren Amine (IV) reduziert wird.

The bicyclic amine (I) mentioned in the title reacts with the isocyanates (II) to give the ureas (III).