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THE STUDY AIMS TO HIGHLIGHT THE IMPACT OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI) ON THE PHENOMENON OF TERRORISM, SEEN FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF THE OPPORTUNITIES OFFERED BOTH TO TERRORIST ENTITIES, ON VARIOUS LEVELS OF THEIR CONCERNS, AND TO STRUCTURES SPECIALIZING IN KNOWLEDGE, PREVENTION AND COUNTERACTION. THE CURRENT LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE SHOWS THAT THE USE OF AI CAN GENERATE SIGNIFICANT RISKS AND DANGERS TO INDIVIDUAL AND COLLECTIVE SECURITY AS A RESULT OF THE REDUCTION OF HUMAN CONTROL OVER ITS LETHAL FORCE AND, THEREFORE, THE ATTRIBUTION OF RESPONSIBILITY FOR POSSIBLE UNCONTROLLED ACTIONS TAKEN. GIVEN THE ETHICAL AND LEGAL ISSUES RAISED BY THE USE OF AI, THERE IS A NEED FOR POLICY MAKERS AND EXPERTS IN THE FIELD TO DEVELOP EFFECTIVE STRATEGIES TO MITIGATE THE RISKS AND HARNESS THE POTENTIAL BENEFITS OF AI IN THE FIGHT AGAINST TERRORISM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the Republic , philosophy is associated with lawfulness, while tyranny and other corrupted regimes and individuals are associated with various degrees of lawlessness. So why does Socrates explain that the curriculum addressed to the philosophers of the ideal city brings about a risk of lawlessness among the potential philosopher-rulers? This is due to a specific step of this curriculum, the practice of refutation, which causes an intellectual as well as moral distress that can lead to skepticism and in fine to lawlessness. Although this risk needs to be reduced to a minimum, it has to be taken because the philosophical natures should be able to survive all challenges in order to become genuine dialecticians. Therefore, philosophy can lead to lawlessness but even when it does not, it is nonetheless true that the requirements of philosophy take priority over lawfulness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The problem of environmental pollution caused by municipal waste landfills is discussed on the basis of literature data. The research identified chemical agents released to the environment, the source of which being leachate from municipal waste landfills and the incineration of landfills. In accordance with the hazards identified, possible health risks linked to the exposure to such hazards were described. Waste generation is an inevitable process, and the amount of waste continues to increase. Waste is the source of many harmful factors: physical, chemical and biological ones, whose impact on human health may be observed at every stage of waste management, i.e. from its creation and collection until its final disposal. Harmful agents emitted into the environment throughout a waste management process are a hazard to surface waters and groundwaters alike, and to the atmospheric air. It is important to highlight the sanitary-epidemiological problem of waste collection; being a medium for various organisms, waste fosters the growth and development of rodent and insect populations, as well as encouraging the predation by wild animals and microorganisms. Thus, waste poses a threat to human health. Awareness of the issue as well as the supervision of the process and direct site of every stage of municipal waste collection are incredibly important. It appears that modern findings of environmental healthcare and environmental education should stimulate people to change their approach towards the broad area of environmental actions, as well as the prevention and diagnosis of diseases of environmental etiology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper addresses representations of danger in the spiritual sphere in contemporary society in Slovakia by exploring the specific case of neoshamanic groups. This argument is based on Mary Douglas's theory and the representations of spiritual practices are interpreted in relation to the particular social context. I present the results of ethnographic research conducted in Bratislava. I argue that in the neo-shamans' interpretations of spiritual healing the notion of contagion serves as a signal of danger and indicates "wrong" beliefs and behaviour. Their reasoning is centred around altered states of consciousness (ASC) linked to the concept of energy. Neo-shamans represent shamanic healing as a moral act. However, rivalry between experts results in mutual blaming: "wrong" practice results in harm caused by the influence of negative energy. My interpretation is complemented by the results of a preliminary survey of articles in selected Christian media addressing the theme of alternative spirituality. They define Christianity as the only true spiritual path and condemn practitioners of all non-Christian spiritual techniques involving ASC, the reason being that any spiritual healing, including neo-shamanism, opens the way for contagious evil forces. The harmful effect is therefore associated with contagion and is ascribed to the practices of "others" both in the context of alternative spirituality and in the context of Christian media. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of International Social Research is the property of Journal of International Social Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Estudios Penales y Criminológicos is the property of Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Servicio de Publicaciones and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The specialized literature deals with the phenomenology of fires in the industrial and civilian area, as well as with protection against fire, as a very complex problem in order to give a specialized response to such an emergency situation. INCD-INSEMEX Petroşani, in his fire and explosion portfolio, owns numerous research expertise based on the causes that generated such events, in which it succeeded to elucidate these causes by analysing the situations, states and circumstances and reporting them to the mechanism of the phenomenon initiation, development and propagation. The numerical analysis software using the ANSYS-based CFD solution - a finite element analysis software package widely used in industry and research, is the tool that renders the image of a fire or explosion event. But in most cases, this computerized program was used to identify causes and not to prevent fires. Thus, the present paper proposes an analysis of the fire risk parameters and the numerical simulation of a selection of fireextinguishing systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined how disputants’ gender and sexual orientation influence police officers’ perceptions of an intimate partner violence (IPV) incident. A sample of 273 police officers from 27 states in the US completed an online research study that provided scenarios depicting an IPV incident that manipulated perpetrator and victim gender and sexual orientation. Results showed officers rated the heterosexual male perpetrator more of a threat of danger to others compared to gay male, lesbian, or heterosexual female perpetrators. Heterosexual female and gay male perpetrators were least likely to be perceived as harming their partner in the past compared to lesbian and heterosexual male perpetrators. Officers were also likely to believe victims of female perpetrators were more responsible for the IPV incident and more of a danger to family members than victims of male perpetrators. Victims of male perpetrators were considered more credible and victims of lesbian and heterosexual male perpetrators were believed to exhibit more thoughts and behaviors indicative of mental illness. Taken together, results suggest police perceptions of potential danger, likelihood of past or future harm to their partner, and victim credibility are influenced by disputant gender and sexual orientation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cadernos PAGU is the property of Universidade Estadual de Campinas - Portal de Periodicos Eletronicos Cientificos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology / Yingyong Shengtai Xuebao is the property of Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Avances is the property of Instituto de Informacion Cientifica y Tecnologica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Sociologica (0186-6028) is the property of Instituto de Investigaciones Filosoficas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Le pharmacien d’officine est l’un des professionnels de santé auquel les familles peuvent facilement faire appel lorsqu’elles suspectent ou découvrent l’usage de cannabis chez l’adolescent. Lorsqu’un consommateur se questionne, il peut proposer un rendez-vous afin d’aborder le sujet en toute confidentialité en s’aidant de questionnaires de repérage de consommation. Il doit donc connaître les effets du cannabis, les bénéfices à l’arrêt, les professionnels vers qui orienter et savoir accompagner le patient. Summary Guiding a cannabis-dependent patient. The community pharmacist is one of the health professionals to whom families can easily turn when they suspect or discover that their teenager is using cannabis. Pharmacists can offer an appointment in order to tackle the subject with complete confidentiality using questionnaires to screen for cannabis use. They must therefore know the effects of cannabis, the benefits of stopping, how to support the patient and which professionals can provide additional help. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Godišnjak Pravnog Fakulteta u Sarajevu is the property of Godisnjak Pravnog Fakulteta u Sarajevu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the current economic context, the concern of every organization is to be permanently competitive, which represents its ability to maintain and gain new positions in the market in terms of competition. The purpose of this paper is to analyse how the implementation of well- chosen and correctly applied strategies can improve the performance of a company. The company in question is well-known, with international activity, and the examined strategy concerns the certification, respectively the implementation of the HACCP system for food safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Langage & Societe is the property of Fondation Maison des Sciences de l'Homme and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article investigates perceived danger among the nation’s confined youth. Although a number of studies have examined etiology of danger in prison, few have examined juvenile residents or focused on decomposing facility-level from individual-level effects. Addressing these limitations, this study draws on survey data at 48 juvenile institutions across the US and compares perceived danger between pooled and fixed-effects model specifications. The data showed juveniles who were younger and had prior maltreatment histories perceived more danger than others (within the same facilities). The data also showed that several variables ostensibly impacting perceptions were operating through contextual bias – including geographic background, criminal history, and race. For example, minorities perceived more danger than White adolescents overall (pooled models) but not within the same facilities (fixed effects). This may suggest minority adolescents serve time in ‘harsher’ facilities – an understudied form of disparity in the criminal justice system. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Abstract: A forest fire risk model was designed and applied to a South American Mediterranean ecosystem, taking into consideration three analysis groups: fire risk; danger of fire spread, or propagation; and damage potential over economic threat values. The study area for development and validation of the model was the Mediterranean zone of central Chile and employed data from historical records spanning a 14year period (1997–2010). Territorial data layers, combined with analysis of the statistical database and wildfire simulation have enabled areas of highest vulnerability to be defined with greater precision, especially in sectors associated with the urban–wildland interface (defined as the zone where man-made structures meet wildland). Maps generated by this model have enabled improvements to be made to the traditional mapping of fires currently undertaken in South American countries. The results shown here are applicable to other Mediterranean areas, where modifications are made to the entrance variables in the risk model. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Copyright of VertigO is the property of La Revue Electronique en Sciences de l'Environnement VertigO and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract: Natural selection is likely to have shaped developmental systems for rapid acquisition of knowledge about environmental dangers, including dangerous animals. However, learning about dangerous animals through direct encounters can be costly and potentially fatal. In social species such as humans, the presence of stored information about danger in the minds of conspecifics might favor the evolution of prepared social learning mechanisms that cause children to preferentially attend to and remember culturally transmitted information about danger. Here we use an experimental learning task to show that children from two very different cultures exhibit prepared social learning about dangerous animals: city-dwelling children from Los Angeles, who face relatively little danger from animals, and Shuar children from the Amazon region of Ecuador, to whom dangerous animals pose a much greater threat. Both populations exhibited similar prepared learning effects. Danger information was learned in a single trial without feedback, immediately entered long-term memory, and was recalled with only minor attenuation a week later, while other information presented at the same time (animal names and diets) was immediately forgotten. We discuss the significance of these design features of prepared learning in light of the phylogeny and function of danger learning systems. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Copyright of Caderno Virtual de Turismo is the property of Caderno Virtual de Turismo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract: The prediction of danger state in mine coal layer spontaneous combustion correctly has an important practical meaning for the mine production safety. There is a kind of complicated nonlinear relation between the danger of coal layer spontaneous combustion and its influencing factors. And the neural network can truly show the nonlinear relation. In this paper, for the purpose of predicting it in mine coal layer correctly, a kind of method combined the advantages of genetic algorithm (GA) and BP neural network is introduced based on the demonstration of the necessity and possibility of combining BP with GA. At first, the notion of using multilayered BP as the representation method of genetic and the searching technique is introduced, and a novel method of using GA to train connection weights of BP neural network is designed. According to the characteristics of mine coal layer spontaneous combustion danger, three key influencing factors are selected as the judging indexes. Then the model for predicting the danger of mine coal layer spontaneous combustion is built. Practical application indicates that the capability of the new method in fast learning of ANN and escaping local optima. And the results show that the model is a very efficient method for predicting the danger of coal layer spontaneous combustion. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The current implementation of the SysML tends to be design-centric with minimal support for activities upstream of design such as product line engineering, goal conflict resolution and hazard/threat modeling. Furthermore, currently provided extensions, such as those for business modeling, tend to be narrowly focused. This paper describes ongoing research in providing systems engineering support for activities that take place prior to system requirements definition, including resolving goal conflicts, identifying and mitigating potential hazards and threats, and specifying features and feature variations in product lines. A new modeling language is proposed (referred to as the Unified Requirements Modeling Language). The core concepts of a single meta-model for requirements engineering are presented alongside exemplary usage showing the power of the language together with its graphical notation. The meta-model, for the first time, proposes a formal relationship between various types of actors, goals, requirements, product line components, and hazard and threat modeling artifacts that integrates with both UML and SysML. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The current implementation of the SysML tends to be design-centric with minimal support for activities upstream of design such as product line engineering, goal conflict resolution and hazard/threat modeling. Furthermore, currently provided extensions, such as those for business modeling, tend to be narrowly focused. This paper describes ongoing research in providing systems engineering support for activities that take place prior to system requirements definition, including resolving goal conflicts, identifying and mitigating potential hazards and threats, and specifying features and feature variations in product lines. A new modeling language is proposed (referred to as the Unified Requirements Modeling Language). The core concepts of a single meta-model for requirements engineering are presented alongside exemplary usage showing the power of the language together with its graphical notation. The meta-model, for the first time, proposes a formal relationship between various types of actors, goals, requirements, product line components, and hazard and threat modeling artifacts that integrates with both UML and SysML. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Romanian Journal of Comparative Law / Revista Romana de Drept Comparat is the property of Universul Juridic Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista CENIPEC is the property of Universidad de Los Andes (Venezuela) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of DYNA - Ingeniería e Industria is the property of Publicaciones Dyna SL and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Katharsis is the property of Institucion Universitaria de Envigado and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract: This study examined children''s moral, social and personal reasoning patterns about different neighborhood contexts. Three hundred and seventy-seven participants were selected from grades 2, 4, 6, and 8. Participants were shown 2 sets of photographs depicting the exact same houses and neighborhoods. One photograph displayed higher levels of physical incivilities and the other displayed higher levels of territoriality and place attachments. The vast majority of participants made strong social attributions of both danger and poverty towards physical contexts, depending on the level of incivilities depicted in the photographs. Moreover, an overwhelming majority gave justifications that fell into the moral domain. For most of the participants, the immorality of retribution overrode the negative attributions surrounding context. However, for those that approved of retribution behaviors, the physical setting appeared to influence their judgments. The findings suggest that the concept of extreme poverty (as represented by physical incivilities) and danger are fused at the cognitive level through linked interpretations of the same environmental cues. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Copyright of Boletim - Centro de Letras e Ciencias Humanas is the property of Universidade Estadual de Londrina and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The study deals with some key-definitions in the field of crime prevention and control as security, risk, danger, public security, interior security, public order. Globalization as a group of unfinished changes in our risk society takes challenges for criminal policy. The essence of the new approach is that it tries to define the adequate reaction to the consequence of some harm depending on what consequences the harm entails in the short term and in the long term and depending also on what interventions are the most promising to help avoid these consequences in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Clinical cases which have themes of Danger and Circles call for consideration of both Lac lupinum and Lac delphinurn when deciding on a simillimum. Fossil remains indicate that dolphins and whales were four-footed land animals that lived over 50 million years ago; and, since they are mammals, it is understood that it is from the wolf that they evolved. In a manner of speaking, we all "evolve" as we undergo the tests that life serves up to us. It is possible, as shown in the follwing case, that moving from the Lac lupinum to the Lac delphinum state is attainable through working on one's spiritual process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It has long been acknowledged that understandings of risk are influenced by external or ‘objective’ assessments, and by internal or ‘subjective’ value judgements. In-depth research has been undertaken on how lay people perceive climate change and related risks, whereas work on expert opinions is more limited. This paper reports on 22 ‘expert’ interpretations elicited through a mental models approach, and encapsulated in a ‘meta’-influence diagram, denoting three conceptualisations of danger in relation to climate change: (i) human influence upon the climate system; (ii) impacts upon natural and human communities; and (iii) threat to the status quo, especially in the form of mitigation measures and related costs. These conceptualisations raise questions about how experts bring to bear their knowledge, values and understanding of climatic and social systems in articulating such discourses. This paper also discusses the implications of such diverse perspectives on managing climate change. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Sleep provides us with a unique vantage point on the sociology of living in/as a body. We are sleeping as well as waking beings. Sleeping, moreover, is embodied and embedded in the social world. Whilst many of us derive great comfort or pleasure from our sleep, this chapter explores the other face of sleep, namely the vulnerabilities and dangers it embodies and engenders, potentially at least, to self and others. This in turn provides the basis, towards the end of the chapter, for a broader series of sociological reflections on the growing problematization or politics of sleep in a 24/7 risk society where sleep is now becoming a matter of ‘public concern’. Sleep, it is concluded, is a crucial yet sociologically overlooked aspect of our embodiment; a shared embodied vulnerability that, at one and the same time, unites and divides us. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Criminal Investigation & Criminology / Revija za Kriminalistiko in Kriminologijo is the property of Ministry of the Interior of the Republic of Slovenia, Police and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Terrain is the property of Mission Patrimoine Ethnologiq and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Terrain is the property of Mission Patrimoine Ethnologiq and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)