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Data on the age of apical closure in felines is limited. Moreover, differences in age of apical closure between male and female cats have not been studied. The aim of this study was to determine the timing of apical closure in cats and determine if sex or position in the dental arch affected closure. In this retrospective descriptive study, intraoral radiographs were obtained at monthly or multiple-monthly intervals for 18 cats. Nine were intact females and 9 were neutered males, ranging from 6 to 9.4 months of age at the start of the study which ranged over an 8-month period. Radiographs were evaluated to establish age of apical closure for all canine teeth as well as the mandibular premolar and molar teeth. Mandibular canine tooth apices closed between 10 and 12 months of age and maxillary canine tooth apices closed between 12 and 14 months of age. The mesial and distal root apices of both the mandibular third and fourth premolar teeth closed between 8 and 9 months. The mandibular first molar tooth mesial and distal root apices closed between 8 and 8.5 months. Root apices of canine teeth closed earlier in female cats than in male cats with mandibular canine tooth root apices closing significantly earlier than maxillary canine tooth roots in both sexes. These findings suggest that there are notable differences in age of apical closure between male and female cats and discernible trends in timing of apical closure among teeth in the dental arcade. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effects of archwire form and power arm positions on maxillary incisors during lingual en masse retraction supported by miniscrew implants, using the finite element analysis method. Methods: Sliding mechanics for lingual en masse retraction were simulated using the finite element method. Power arms were placed mesial and distal to the maxillary canine with straight and mushroom-shaped archwires. Miniscrews provided absolute anchorage for retraction force. Results: When power arms were positioned mesial to the canine teeth, an increase in the intercanine distance was observed, while a decrease was noted when the power arms were distal to the canine tooth. Lateral incisors exhibited a greater torque loss, particularly when the power arm was mesial to the canine tooth. In the central incisors, the mushroom archwire resulted in intrusion, while the straight archwire showed an extrusion tendency. Movements in groups using the straight archwire were less controlled compared to those in groups using the mushroom archwire. Conclusions: The archwire form and the position of the power arm affected the torque loss and vertical position of incisors during lingual en masse retraction supported by miniscrew implants. The most controlled movement was achieved with the combination of a power arm positioned distal to the canine tooth and a mushroom archform. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Statement of the Problem: Dental caries are among the most common oral and dental diseases affecting adults and children. To prevent caries, either the factors that cause caries should be reduced or the host resistance should be increased. Several compounds, such as bioglass, chitosan, and silver diamine fluoride (SDF), can enhance enamel remineralization. Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate the effects of chitosan, bioglass, chitosan-bioglass, and SDF compounds on remineralizing primary enamel lesions. Materials and Method: In this in vitro study, seventy-two primary canine teeth were collected. The teeth were exposed to a demineralization solution for 72 hours to create primary caries lesions. The primary Vickers microhardness test (VMT) was conducted to measure the initial values. The samples were randomly divided into six groups (n=12): Group 1: bioglass-chitosan solution; Group 2: chitosan; Group 3: bioglass solution; Group 4: SDF; Group 5: remineralization solution; Group 6: distilled water. The solutions of Groups 1, 2, and 3 were applied to the samples for 7 days, while the SDF solution was applied only once. The samples were immersed in an artificial saliva solution, which was refreshed daily. After the treatment, the final Vickers microhardness test (VMT) values were recorded. The data were analyzed statistically using a two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (p< 0.05). Results: The results indicated a statistically significant effect of remineralizing compounds on both pre-treatment and post-treatment microhardness (p< 0.0001). However, no significant difference in microhardness was observed between the groups studied (p= 0.225). Conclusion: All the compounds utilized in this study demonstrated a significant remineralizing effect on enamel lesions caused by primary caries in primary teeth. The chitosan-bioglass and bioglass groups exhibited the highest levels of remineralization, respectively. However, the comparison between the groups yielded insignificant results due to the dispersion of the samples. Therefore, further studies with larger sample sizes are recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sparganosis is one of the common zoonotic diseases caused by infection with the larval plerocercoids (spargana) of the cestode genus Spirometra. While this parasite distributes globally in canine and feline hosts, human infection is predominantly reported in East Asia, especially China, Korea, Japan, and Thailand. Maybe related to the behavior and food culture, this zoonotic disease is rather rare in South Asia to the Middle East. In these areas, sporadic case reports have been appeared mostly in the local medical journals. To draw a solid picture of sparganosis in these non-endemic areas of Asia, we made an extensive literature survey to gather sparganosis cases in the Indian subcontinent and the Middle East. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Evidence of porcine oral pathology in client-owned domestic pigs has been reported in recent literature. The most common abnormalities are missing teeth and periodontal disease. This case series reviews the diagnosis and treatment of dental disease in 8 pet Vietnamese Pot-Bellied Pigs (Sus scrofa domesticus) over a 6-year period (2015-2021). Inclusion criteria included pigs over 1 year of age that had at least 2 sequential visits involving photographs, full-mouth intraoral radiographs, and dental charting. Eight pigs were identified for study inclusion. The study population included 4 castrated males, 3 spayed females, and 1 intact female. The 8 subjects had a total of 28 visits. Fifty-five intraoral dental extractions were performed and complete healing of 44 extraction sites was observed (11 sites were lost to follow up). Canine tooth reduction was performed on 52 tusks in 7 pigs with exposure of 1 pulp that was treated by partial pulpectomy and direct pulp capping. Restoration of carious lesions was performed on 4 teeth. The most commonly extracted teeth were the right and left maxillary first molars (10 of 47 teeth). Reasons for tooth extraction included: periodontal disease, complicated crown fracture, nonvital +/− periapical pathology, and persistent deciduous teeth. Additional treatments ranged from type 1 crown lengthening with restoration of carious lesions, tusk trimming, closed and open root planing, dental extractions, ultrasonic scaling, and polishing. This article stresses the importance of routine dental healthcare and early intervention for periodontal disease in pigs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A 7-month-old, male, Weimaraner dog was presented for maxillary swelling. Clinical evaluation including radiographs and computed tomography revealed a large cystic lesion, unerupted right maxillary canine tooth, and mass presumed to be a compound odontoma. The cyst and mass were expansile and occupied a large portion of the nasal cavity displacing anatomical structures of the maxilla. The mass was excised via curettage through an intraoral surgical approach and the unerupted tooth and cystic lining were removed. Histopathology supported dentigerous cyst and compound odontoma. This case confirms the first report of concurrent development of dentigerous cyst and compound odontoma in a dog with successful treatment and 18-month follow-up with no recurrence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: CBCT is widely used in dentistry and is used for a variety of purposes. The presence of different artifacts can reduce the quality of images. Since the implants mainly contain metals, they can cause many artifacts in CBCT images. Due to the importance of CBCT and the effects of artifacts on the final image quality, this study was conducted to investigate the effect of FOV size on the artifacts. Methods: Three human skulls with unbroken mandible and maxilla were selected. CBCT images were prepared under normal exposure conditions and with three ranges of FOV (4 × 5 cm2, 5 × 8 cm2, 8 × 8 cm2). Then an implant was placed in the empty dental sockets in the incisor, canine, and premolar areas, and CBCT images were taken with similar conditions. The Hounsfield Unit obtained before and after implant placement was compared, and their difference was considered as metal artifact. Data were analyzed using two-factor variance analysis. Results: In this study, the mean difference of artifacts with a large FOV in both jaws and in the mandible for medium and small radiation ranges from the central to the premolar side was always decreasing. However, in the maxilla for the medium and small radiation ranges, the mean difference increased from the central side to the canine, but again decreased relatively significantly from the canine to the premolar. The mean interaction between the dental areas and the FOV sizes was not significant (p = 0.997), and it was found that the amount of artifacts in the studied areas does not change with changing the size of the FOV. Also there was no significant difference of artifacts between the three types of FOV size (p = 0.730), but there was a significant difference between the dental areas (p = 0.020). Conclusions: According to the findings of this study, it can be concluded that the amount of metal artifacts is not related to the size of FOV. However, it is related to the position of the implant in the jaws and the density of the surrounding tissues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to compare various formulas for idealized proportions of the maxillary incisors to the actual dimensions of natural teeth. The Mondelli formula 1 (MFl), Mondelli formula 2 (MF2), Albers formula (AF), esthetic proportion (EP) for width and height of anterior teeth, and golden ratio (GR) were calculated for a total of 50 dental students (30 women and 20 men) who participated in the study. The following measurements were obtained directly in the participant:s mouth with a digital caliper: the mesio- distal and incisogingival dimensions of the maxillary central proporincisors, lateral incisors, and canines: the intercanine distance; and the smile width. The participants were photographed, and the smile width was also measured on the photographs. The MFl and MF2 were each calculated twice, using both direct measurements and photographic measurements. The projected central incisor widths calculated using the MFl, MF2, and AF were compared among themselves and against the actual measurements using analysis of variance and Fisher test for multiple comparisons (a = 0.05). The EP and GR were analyzed using descriptive statistics. There was a statistically significant difference between all of the widths projected by the formulas and the actual widths of the central incisors (P < 0.05). Whether calculated from a direct or a photographic measurement, the incisor widths projected by the MFl and MF2 were statistically similar to each other (P > 0.05). The EP values were similar to those reported in the literature. Only 2% of the participants had an incisor width ratio (central incisor/ formulateral incisor) that matched the GR of 1.618, while 86% fell within the range of 1.2 to 1.4. Overall, the proportions calcu- lated with the MFl, MI:2, Ali EP, and GR did not exactly match the actual dimensions of natural teeth. The formulas and the formuproportions available in the literature can assist in esthetic planning, but the individual characteristics of each patient and expertise of the dentist should guide treatment for each case. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the available published evidence that addresses the research question 'is a closed or an open surgical exposure for an unerupted palatally-positioned/displaced canine (PDC) better for the long-term periodontal health of the canine and surrounding teeth?' Flaws in the current evidence are discussed and a way forward is suggested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To our knowledge, no systematic review assessed and gathered information about the prevalence of impacted canines among the Saudi population. The purpose of this study was to critically assess the previously published studies about the prevalence of canine impaction according to impaction type (buccal/ palatal), gender (male/female), and location (maxillary/mandibular, right/left), are among the Saudi population. PubMed (MEDLINE), Scopus, the Web of Science, Dimensions, and Semantic Scholar databases were searched systemically for articles related to the topic of the study published between 1987 and 2022. The PRISMA statements were used to conduct a systematic review with the help of the Best Practice for Survey and the Public Opinion Research scales by the American Association for Public Opinion Research (AAPOR) to assess and evaluate the selected studies' quality. The initial search of the databases yielded 221 articles. After discarding duplicates, 161 were selected for further evaluation. Eventually, 16 articles were selected for inclusion in this study. Regarding the quality of the selected articles, all articles, except one, were of high quality. Only one was of medium quality. It was found that the incidence of palatal canine impactions was higher than buccal impactions. Females had a higher prevalence of canine impactions as compared to males. There were more canine impactions in the maxilla than the mandible and more on the left side than the right one. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: A former study on orthopantomograms from young children with abnormal dental development (not canine ectopia) demonstrated that the tooth bud of the mandibular canine, compared to a stable longitudinal canine axis, could be located normally, anteriorly or posteriorly, with close relation to the first premolar. Aim: The aim of the present study is to analyse on orthopantomograms if the canine axis can demonstrate where the ectopic mandibular canine started tooth formation. Materials: The material consists of orthopantomograms with ectopic mandibular canines and presence of primary mandibular canines from 47 cases (29 cases 9–21 years old and 18 cases with unknown ages). The primary canines demonstrated from minor apical resorption to more severe apical resorption. Methods: Based on canine maturity, location of the canine axes and the interrelationships between the roots of the permanent canine and first premolar, the location from where the canine started tooth formation was determined. Canine maturity. Maturity stage below half root length and maturity stage above half root length revealed that 11 ectopic canines had less than half root length and 36 cases more than half root length. Canine axes. The canine axis, through the length of the primary canines Ax, is inserted on drawings of the orthopantomograms using the tracing programme Inkscape®. Interrelationship between roots. By visual inspection, the distance between the canine and first premolar was designated close distance, normal distance and extended distance. Results: The results are divided into 3 groups. Group 1: The initial site of the permanent ectopic canine is located within the canine axis (6 cases). Group 2: The initial site of the permanent ectopic canine is located posterior to the canine axis (36 cases). Group 3: The initial site of the permanent ectopic canine is located anterior to the canine axis (5 cases). Conclusion: The study explained that the canine axis could divide cases of ectopic canines into three groups according to the location from where tooth formation starts. For getting closer to the pattern of the ectopic canine eruption, it is necessary to analyse series of orthopantomograms taken from the same individual over several years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this research was to test the reliability of a modified magnification method for determining the position of an impacted canine from a single panoramic radiograph. This retrospective study evaluated 114 panoramic radiographs showing 136 impacted maxillary canines. The widths of the impacted canines, contralateral erupted canines, and ipsilateral maxillary incisors were measured, and ratios for the canine-incisor index (CII) and canine-canine index (CCI) were calculated. The impacted canines were also classified according to their location in the vertical plane (apical, middle, or coronal zone) relative to the contralateral central incisor. Continuous data were analyzed for normal distribution, and logistic and multivariate logistic regression models were conducted. The Benjamini-Hochberg procedure with a false discovery rate of 0.05 was used to account for multiple testing. The intrarater reliability was excellent for impacted canine, central incisor, and contralateral canine measurements (intraclass correlation coefficient > 0.9). The CII and vertical zone were strong predictors of an impacted canine position with clinically useful sensitivity and specificity values (0.69 and 0.74, respectively, based on an area under the curve concordance statistic of 0.75). A predictive range was evident for the CII of palatally (1.10-1.39) and buccally (0.90-1.19) impacted canines in the middle and coronal zones, respectively. The occurrence of palatal or buccal positioning was not significantly associated with the CCI (P = 0.2). The CII and vertical zone identified from a single panoramic radiograph can be used to determine the buccopalatal position of an impacted canine, with more reliability if the impacted canine crown is in the middle or coronal zone of the contralateral central incisor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on evaluating the anterior dentoalveolar relationship in skeletal Class III malocclusion patients with different vertical facial patterns using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Topics include measuring and comparing labiolingual inclinations of the teeth and alveolar bone, as well as analyzing the anterior dentoalveolar inclination among patients with hypodivergent, normodivergent, and hyperdivergent facial patterns.

Canine impaction and migration is conventionally managed by fixed orthodontic treatment with surgical exposure; however this is not always possible, thus requiring clinicians to explore other treatment options. Autotransplantation of the tooth has been recognized as an alternative treatment option. This article reports on two cases where a migrated canine was asymptomatic, and accidentally diagnosed during routine examination. The procedure undertaken was autotransplantation of the canine using a physio-dispenser system and a platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) membrane to promote bone and soft tissue healing and regeneration. After a 2-year follow up, the autotransplanted canines showed no signs or symptoms of clinical or radiological failure. On radiographic examination, a patent periodontal ligament space was also appreciated. CPD/Clinical Relevance: Use of a physio-dispenser system and PRF during autotransplantation of a migrated and impacted canine may improve the clinical outcome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses a custom-made spring appliance that can correct excessive root torque in cases with buccally erupted ectopic canines. It provides case studies and demonstrates the successful repositioning of ectopic canines using the appliance. The treatment involves the use of torquing auxiliary springs and sectional wires to correct the torque and alignment of the canines. The authors emphasize the importance of well-planned biomechanics in achieving successful tooth movements and avoiding complications. The article provides detailed descriptions of the treatment procedures and includes radiographs and images to illustrate the cases. [Extracted from the article]

Canine acanthomatous ameloblastoma (CAA) has been reported to be the most prevalent odontogenic tumor in dogs. The most common location of this tumor is the rostral mandible. Symphyseal-sparing mandibulectomy has been shown to be an effective technique to maintain mandibular continuity and promote early return to function. In this retrospective study, 35 dogs with CAA associated with a mandibular canine tooth were evaluated following a symphyseal-sparing rostral mandibulectomy. Dogs with intraoperative transection of the canine tooth root and subsequent root fragment extraction were included. The objective of this study was to evaluate outcome following excision of CAA with mid-root transection. Data retrospectively evaluated in this study included the following: narrowest tumor margin, narrowest tumor margin at the border associated with the transected canine root, tumor size, and prevalence of local recurrence. This study showed that 82.86% of CAA were completely excised with tumor-free margins (N = 29). The median narrowest overall tumor-free margin was 3.5 mm (interquartile range [IQR] 2.0-6.5 mm) and the median tumor-free margin associated with the border of the transected canine root was 5.0 mm (IQR 3.1-7.0 mm). Follow-up data was obtained in 25 cases via phone interviews with referring veterinarians and clients. No local tumor recurrence was reported in cases with incomplete tumor excision (N = 5). All dogs with follow-up data survived at least 1 year following surgery. It was concluded that segmental or rostral mandibulectomy with wide margins to include the entire mandibular canine tooth with subsequent mandibular instability may not be warranted for dogs with CAA associated with this tooth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses a case report on the treatment of multiple-tooth agenesis, retention, and impaction. It explains the causes and diagnostic methods for maxillary canine impaction and presents three treatment options. The article also discusses the best approach for treating patients with maxillary lateral-incisor agenesis. The treatment resulted in satisfactory esthetics and dental alignment. The article acknowledges that further improvements could have been made and includes images and analysis of a patient with multiple tooth agenesis. [Extracted from the article]

Dentoalveolar trauma is an important etiologic factor for tooth loss. A multidisciplinary approach to treatment is necessary because the functional, esthetic, and psychosocial problems that result from dentoalveolartrauma can significantly influence the patient's quality of life. The objective of this article istodescribethe multidisciplinarytreatment of a 39-year-old man who experienced dentoalveolar trauma Ina bicycle accident. Clinical and tomographic examinations revealed the avulsion of the maxillary left central incisor as well as coronal fractures of the other incisorsand themaxillary right canine. The maxillary right central incisor had a subgingival fracture, and the treatment included endodontic treatment followed by orthodontic extrusion using a temporary intraradicular retention pin and an orthodontic elastic band attached to a provisional prosthesis foranchorage. A dental implant and a connectivetissue graft were placed at the site of the avulsed tooth. Subsequently, 5 zirconia crowns were fabricated using a digital workflow. In some cases of dentoalveolar trauma, orthodontic extrusion accomplished with theaid of the provisional prosthesis can be a conservative, fast, and economical option to preserve periodontal tissues and restore the biologic width. In the present case, the combination of orthodontic extrusion, implant placement, and a digital workflow ensured the precision, comfort, and esthetics of the final restorations, improving the quality of life of the patient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Resorption is a physiological or pathological process resulting in the loss of dental hard tissue with or without bone loss. We present the case of a 19-year-old patient who presented with a discoloured and symptomatic mandibular canine tooth with complex root canal morphology. The tooth was located at the site of a previous alveolar fracture. Delayed presentation had led to severe external infection-related (inflammatory) root resorption. The protocol and rationale for non-surgical management of the case in a multi-visit approach is outlined. CPD/Clinical Relevance: The aetiology and presentations of external root resorption is useful information for clinicians [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Statement of the Problem: Developmental anomalies such as dilacerations can affect the eruption pattern of permanent anterior teeth. They are characterized by a curvature in the crown and roots of the teeth relative to their normal axis. This anomaly can cause some complexities in routine dental treatments such as root canal treatment, orthodontics, and surgery. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of dilaceration in maxillary and mandibular anterior and canine teeth in Shiraz, Iran using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Materials and Method: In this retrospective study, a total of 1537 encompassed 400 CBCT images collected from 4 private radiology clinics in Shiraz were assessed. Each tooth was radiographically examined in order to diagnose root dilacerations considering their location (apical, middle, coronal), position in the jaw (maxillary or mandibular), direction (mesial, distal buccal and palatal/lingual), and severity of dilaceration (mild, moderate, and severe). The obtained data were analyzed by Chi-square statistical test and Fisher’s exact test. Results: In this study, out of 1537 studied teeth, 5.98% had dilaceration. The maxillary and mandibular canine teeth (9.8% and 9.7%, respectively) were significantly the most common teeth involved in this anomaly (p< 0.001). The distal direction with mild severity in the apical third of the root was also the most common result obtained from this study (p<0.001). In addition, there was no statistically significant relationship between gender and type of jaw regarding the prevalence of dilaceration in the studied dental groups (p=0.670 and p=0.231, respectively). Conclusion: In the current research, it was demonstrated through CBCT records that the prevalence of dilaceration in maxillary and mandibular anterior and canine teeth is relatively uncommon. The most prevalent dilaceration was found to be distal direction with mild severity in the apical third of the root. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Finite element (FE) analysis has emerged as the primary tool to investigate complex problems that are difficult to test clinically on living tissues, yielding valuable but not necessarily applicable information on orthodontic treatment modalities. Many studies are being published but the findings are difficult to interpret, lack in relevance, or cannot be critically appraised. In this paper, the FE modeling design and impact on the quality and outcome of research are discussed, with focus on how to narrow the gap between theory and clinical application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To investigate the effect of pre-cured and co-cured flowable composite liner on fracture strength and microleakage of primary anterior teeth with extended composite resin restorations. Methods: In the current in vitro experimental study, the crowns of 54 extracted primary canine teeth were cut 1 mm above the CEJ, and a pulpectomy procedure was performed. The samples were randomly divided into three groups to restore the coronal part up to 4 mm above the CEJ. In group 1, the samples were built up with Filtek Z250 packable composite resin. In group 2 (pre-cure), first, 1 mm of Filtek Z350 XT flowable liner was applied to the sample, and after curing, the restoration process continued using packable composite resin. In group 3 (co-cure), the flowable composite liner was cured while the first layer of packable composite resin was applied; then, the same restorative procedure similar to the other groups was followed. The samples' cross-sectional area in the fracture strength test was calculated by AutoCAD software. Subsequently, the samples were subjected to a force in a universal testing machine. The samples related to the microleakage experiment were cut vertically, and then, the dye penetration percentage (10% methylene blue) was measured under a stereomicroscope. ANOVA was used to analyze the data. Results: Mean fracture strength in group 2 was significantly higher than in group 1 (P = 0.016). The microleakage mean in group 3 was significantly lower than in groups 1 (P = 0.000) and 2 (P = 0.026). Conclusion: The flowable composite liner and its relevant separate curing increased the fracture strength of composite resin restorations. However, less microleakage was reported in the group where the liner was applied as a co-cure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Medical records of dogs with dolico- or mesaticephalic conformation who were presented to a private veterinary referral dental practice with malocclusion of the deciduous or permanent dentition were retrospectively reviewed from a 3-year period (2015–2018). Records were evaluated to determine the type(s) of malocclusions and 198 dogs were evaluated with permanent malocclusions. Of the dogs with deciduous malocclusions, 45 (60%) had variations of a MAL1, 28 (38%) had a MAL2, 13 (17.6%) had a MAL3, and four (5.4%) had a MAL4, with 19 (26%) having more than one type of malocclusion. Poodles, Labrador Retrievers, and Cavalier King Charles Spaniels consisted of 37 (50%) of the dogs with deciduous malocclusions. Fifty-five (74%) dogs proceeded with interceptive orthodontics. Of the dogs with permanent malocclusions, 128 (65%) had a variant of a MAL1, 60 (30%) had a MAL2, 75 (38%) had a MAL3, and 11 (5.6%) had a MAL4, with a MAL1 occurring concurrently with 49 (82%) MAL2 cases. The most common type of MAL1 was linguoversion of one or both mandibular canine teeth in 92 (72%) dogs. The five most commonly affected breeds with permanent malocclusions were Poodles, Labrador Retrievers, Chihuahuas, Pit Bull Terriers, and Cavalier King Charles Spaniels. Overall, 39 (18%) dogs presented with malocclusions observed in this study were associated with the Poodle breed and 20 (9%) dogs were associated with the Labrador Retriever breed. This trend among Poodle mixes and Labrador Retrievers supports a familial pattern to malocclusions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Revascularisation is a therapeutic approach for treatment of immature teeth with necrotic pulp. The conventional protocol includes application of triple antibiotic paste (TAP). The present study aimed to compare the efficacy of propolis and TAP as intra-canal medicaments for revascularisation of immature teeth in dogs. Methodology: This study was conducted on 20 immature (open-apex) canine teeth in mixed breaded dogs. First, the teeth were exposed to oral environment, followed by intra-canal cleaning and shaping 2 weeks later.. The teeth were divided into two groups. The TAP group received paste comprising of ciprofloxacin, metronidazole, and minocycline (at a concentration of 100 µg/mL), while propolis (15% w/v) was used in the other group. The revascularisation procedure was done by means of sodium hypochlorite, EDTA and distilled water as final irrigant. After dehumidifying and induction of bleeding, mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) was applied At 6-month follow-up, radiographs were evaluated by two observers regarding root length and thickness, intra-canal calcification, periapical lesions, and apex formation. Data were analysed by the Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests. Results: There was no significant difference between the TAP and propolis groups in root length or root thickness increase, calcification, related lesions, or apex formation (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Findings of the present study in experimental animals revealed that the efficacy of propolis as an intra-canal medicament is comparable to that of triple antibiotic paste for revascularisation therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the standardization of panoramic radiography quality, the education and training of beginners on panoramic radiographic imaging are important. We evaluated the relationship between positioning error factors and multiple image analysis results for reproducible panoramic radiography. Using a panoramic radiography system and a dental phantom, reference images were acquired on the Frankfurt plane along the horizontal direction, midsagittal plane along the left–right direction, and for the canine on the forward–backward plane. Images with positioning errors were acquired with 1–5 mm shifts along the forward– backward direction and 2–10° rotations along the horizontal (chin tipped high/low) and vertical (left–right side tilt) directions on the Frankfurt plane. The cross-correlation coefficient and angle difference of the occlusion congruent plane profile between the reference and positioning error images, peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), and deformation vector value by deformable image registration were compared and evaluated. The cross-correlation coefficients of the occlusal plane profiles showed the greatest change in the chin tipped high images and became negatively correlated from 6° image rotation (r = −0.29). The angle difference tended to shift substantially with increasing positioning error, with an angle difference of 8.9° for the 10° chin tipped low image. The PSNR was above 30 dB only for images with a 1-mm backward shift. The positioning error owing to the vertical rotation was the largest for the deformation vector value. Multiple image analyses allow to determine factors contributing to positioning errors in panoramic radiography and may enable error correction. This study based on phantom imaging can support the education of beginners regarding panoramic radiography. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Dental Hygiene is the property of Canadian Dental Hygienists Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Cuspal fractures are relatively common. Fortunately for esthetics, when a cuspal fracture occurs in a maxillary premolar, it most commonly involves the palatal cusp. Fractures with a favorable prognosis may be approached with a minimally invasive treatment to successfully retain the natural tooth. This report describes 3 cases of "cuspidization" to treat maxillary premolars with cuspal fractures. After identifying a palatal cusp fracture, the fractured segment was removed, resulting in a tooth that closely resembles a cuspid. Depending on the extent and location of the fracture, root canal treatment was indicated. Subsequently, conservative restorations sealed the access and covered exposed dentin. Full coverage restorations were neither required nor indicated. The resulting treatment provided practical and functional treatment with a good esthetic outcome. When indicated, the described cuspidization technique can conservatively manage patients with subgingival cuspal fractures. The procedure is minimally invasive and cost-effective and can be done conveniently in routine practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Autotransplantation is the positioning of a tooth in the same individual, from a donor site to an extraction site or a surgically prepared socket. A case report involving a previously transplanted maxillary canine, which later presented with complications, is discussed. We explore the indications, surgical planning and technique, associated risk factors and long-term outcomes for the transplantation of canines. CPD/Clinical Relevance: Understanding the indications and surgical requirements for canine transplantation should optimise case selection and complication management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics is the property of Dental Press International and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This orthodontic case report highlights the unpredictable behaviour of ectopic maxillary permanent canines. An 11-year-old male patient had bilateral ectopic maxillary canine teeth that were in high positions and initially left in situ and monitored. During orthodontic treatment, there was rapid spontaneous eruption of both teeth with resulting resorption to an adjacent lateral incisor. This case report details the clinical findings and progress of treatment and management. A review of the literature reinforces the importance of maintaining regular radiographic review to assess for migration of ectopic teeth, and to ensure appropriate treatment planning and assessment of potential complications. CPD/Clinical Relevance: This report highlights the need for regular radiographic review of impacted canines in younger patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The letter discusses the need for further discussions regarding the current criteria used for diagnosing molar incisor hypomineralisation (MIH). Despite the condition being defined over 22 years ago, there is still limited understanding of its causes. The authors argue that the lack of standardized diagnosis and calibration criteria, as well as the multifactorial nature of the defect, contribute to this limited understanding. They highlight the introduction of various diagnosis criteria, with one set of criteria being widely recognized and recommended by the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry. However, the authors suggest that these criteria may exclude certain manifestations of MIH, potentially leading to an underestimation of the defect and influencing our understanding of its prevalence, causes, and treatment. They call for a reassessment of the criteria and further discussions within the scientific community. [Extracted from the article]

Treatment of impacted canine teeth is a challenge for most clinicians, especially in adult patients with high risk of ankylosis. Conventionally, leveling and alignment of the teeth are first performed and after heavy arch wire placement in slot of brackets, de-impaction force is applied. However, this method has some disadvantages, such as inability to detect ankylosis of the impacted tooth until load application, risk of root resorption of incisors or necrosis of them, distortion of dental arch form, the need for early extraction of primary canines, which is esthetically unfavorable for patients, and long-term presence of fixed orthodontic appliances in the oral cavity. This study aims to introduce approach that can be easily used by busy clinicians to guide palatally impacted canines into the dental arch using a cantilever spring supported by two palatal miniscrews prior to the initiation of fixed orthodontic treatment, and report some cases treated with this technique. This technique does not have the shortcomings of the conventional technique. In addition, the total duration of treatment, and duration of presence of orthodontic appliances in the oral cavity are shorter than the conventional technique. In addition, is less technique sensitive and do not need time complex and time consuming wire bending. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to determine the success of the natural crowns of endodontically treated canine teeth in pet dogs, instrumented and obturated using rotary driven non-taper nickel titanium files, through an occlusal access preparation, without the placement of a prosthetic cast metal crown. A search of medical records at a private veterinary dental referral practice was conducted to identify pet dogs having had endodontic treatment of one or more canine teeth over an eleven-year period (2007-2018). Follow up, performed by the same veterinary dental specialist, included a complete oral health assessment under general anesthesia and included intraoral radiography thereby allowing close visual examination of the crown and restoration as well as assessing endodontic success. Time to follow up was between two and nine years after treatment with a mean of 4.5 years. Analysis revealed that 29/29 (100%) of the treated crowns maintained their stability and did not require extraction. 5/29 (17.2%) of the treated teeth had an enamel fracture requiring additional treatment to the crown after the initial treatment; 1/29 (3.4%) had additional abrasion but did not require treatment and 23/29 (79.3%) were found to have sustained no additional damage. This study supports endodontic treatment without the placement of a prosthetic crown in canine teeth in pet dogs when an occlusal access site is used as described in this paper. Further study is required on the increased risk of fracture of the remaining unaltered canine teeth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Equine odontoclastic tooth resorption and hypercementosis (EOTRH) is a recently described painful and progressive condition of unknown etiology that occurs in middle-aged and geriatric equines. It predominantly affects the permanent incisor and canine teeth and, less commonly, the premolar and molar dentition. EOTRH was first reported in peer-reviewed literature in 2008, with subsequent publications of case reports, histological studies and retrospective case series. There have been few significant research developments related to this disease. The existing studies have primarily involved single case studies or small sample sizes, without control groups. This review aimed to report current information about EOTRH in terms of clinical, histopathological, diagnostic, radiological, and therapeutic aspects, by searching the available peer-reviewed scientific literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To assess which positional factors influence the decision to surgically remove or expose an impacted mandibular canine. Clinical and radiographic assessment are important considerations when treatment planning for the management of impacted mandibular canines. A cross-sectional study. The Royal Surrey County Hospital, Guildford, UK. The clinical notes and orthopantomogram radiographs were assessed for all patients aged 21 years or under who underwent surgical management of impacted mandibular canine teeth between 2017 and 2019. The following variables were recorded: angulation, horizontal position, vertical height, overlap of the adjacent tooth and bucco-lingual position of the canine. From the 67 patients and 77 canines included, surgical extraction was performed for 48 canines (62%) and surgical exposure was performed for 29 canines (38%). Chi-square and multivariable logistic regression revealed canine angulation to the midline, horizontal position of the canine root apex, vertical height of the canine crown and canine overlap of the adjacent tooth to be associated with the decision to remove or expose an impacted permanent mandibular canine (P < 0.001). The bucco-lingual position of the canine did not influence the decision to remove or expose an impacted permanent mandibular canine (P = 0.159). The decision to expose or remove an impacted mandibular canine is guided by its angulation, horizontal position and vertical position, and by the degree of overlap of the adjacent tooth. However, the bucco-lingual position is not related to the decision to surgically remove or expose an impacted permanent mandibular canine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Regenerative endodontics aims to restore pulp tissues, thus preserving the vitality of the tooth. One promising approach involves the utilization of decellularized human dental pulp (DHDP) as a scaffold repopulated with Wharton's Jelly mesenchymal stem cells (WJMSCs). This study aimed to regenerate pulp tissues using DHDP and WJMSCs following pulpectomy in mature canine teeth of a feline animal model and to investigate the histological features of the regenerated pulp. A 12-month-old male domestic shorthaired felines were used as subjects. Teeth were categorized into untreated (Group 1), pulpectomy with mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) (Group 2), and pulpectomy with DHDP-repopulated scaffold and MTA (Group 3). The animals were sacrificed six weeks post-intervention. H&E and immunohistochemistry using anti-collagen type 1 and laminin antibodies were used to stain the tissue sections. Histological examinations presented pulp-like tissues in Group 3, with tissue components similar to the structures found in Group 1. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated the presence of collagen type I and laminin within the regenerated tissues. The root canals of teeth in Group 2 were devoid of pulpal tissue. DHDP with WJMSCs can potentially be used for pulp regeneration, supporting the modality for developing new clinical protocols in stem cell therapy. • DHDP can promote the differentiation of WJMSCs into pulp-like cells. • Regenerated tissues exhibited positive immunostaining for Collagen type I and laminin. • DHDP combined with WJMSCs: a promising modality for stem cell therapy in dentistry. • Regenerative treatment in this study may serve as a foundation for new clinical protocols. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Medical records from 4 private practice veterinary dentistry specialty clinics were reviewed for a 5-year period (2013-2018) to identify dogs that had a fractured canine tooth treated by root canal therapy and returned for subsequent follow-up evaluation. Evaluation criteria included the presence of complete medical records with diagnostic quality intraoral radiographs for each procedure visit with a minimum of 6 months between visits. Forty-three dogs with a total of 55 endodontically treated canine teeth were identified and evaluated. Root canal treatment outcome was defined as successful, no evidence of failure (NEF), or failure based on radiographic findings. Patient age, time from initial treatment to follow-up, obturation material used, radiographic quality of obturation (including voids, overfill, and retention of fractured endodontic files), radiographic evidence of periapical disease and/or presence of external inflammatory root resorption (EIRR), and the presence or absence of a full coverage metal crown were evaluated. Treatment was classified as successful in 51 (92.73%) teeth, NEF in 3 (5.45%) teeth, and failure in 1 (1.82%) tooth. The results suggest that endodontic treatment of fractured canine teeth in dogs is a successful treatment option that allows for retention of this functionally important tooth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A search of medical records at the Center for Veterinary Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Gaithersburg, MD was conducted to identify patients who received extractions of deciduous mandibular canine teeth to treat linguoversion. Patients were included if they were less than 5.5 months of age and had a diagnosis of deciduous class 2 or bilateral class 1 malocclusions. Treatment was considered a success if normocclusion of the permanent dentition was achieved at follow up evaluation. Seventeen patients represented 13 different breeds. No significant correlation was seen between age of treatment (mean age 3.34 months) or sex (11 males, 6 females). Six patients had class 1 malocclusions (35.29%) and eleven patients had class 2 malocclusion (64.71%). Of the six dogs treated for class 1 malocclusions, two had traumatic palatal contact and four had only minor soft tissue contact. Eleven cases of class 2 malocclusion were treated and of these there was one mild, six moderate, and four severe cases of mandibular distocclusion. All cases treated for class 1 malocclusions had a successful outcome resulting in permanent normocclusion (100%), while class 2 malocclusions had success in three of eleven cases (27.27%). The outcomes based on occlusion type were determined to be significant (p = 0.009). All participants had immediate relief of soft tissue trauma and no significant side effects of treatment were recorded. The results show that extractions of deciduous linguoverted mandibular canine teeth (LMC) can immediately improve traumatic impingement and may be a factor in providing a comfortable and functional adult occlusion. Further investigation with a larger sample size would be warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Changes in sella turcica (ST) development may be associated with impaction of the permanent canine teeth. Calcification of the interclinoid ligament, which forms a bridge between the anterior and posterior clinoid processes of the sphenoid bone, has been termed ST bridging. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether an association exists between ST bridging and the presence of impacted maxillary canines (IMCs) in a Brazilian population. In this case-control study, 2 blinded and calibrated examiners measured the length (interclinoidal distance), depth, and diameter of the ST on cephalometric radiographs of 64 adults divided into a case group with IMCs (n = 32) and a control group without IMCs (n = 32). The degree of calcification was established as no (class I), partial (class II), or complete (class III) calcification. A t test was used to compare ST dimensions between the groups, and a chi-square test was used to analyze the association between the degree of calcification and the groups. The association between ST bridging and IMC was estimated by means of logistic regression analysis (α = 0.05). The study findings showed that ST length in the case group was shorter than that in the control group (P = 0.042; t test), and the length was shorter in men than in women (P = 0.038; t test). The ST bridging frequency was higher in the case group (P = 0.03; chi-square test), and there was no difference between men and women. The presence of ST bridging might be associated with increased odds of IMCs (P < 0.01; adjusted odds ratio = 5.92). In this patient sample, the occurrence of IMCs was positively associated with the presence and severity of ST bridging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study evaluated the bilateral symmetry of carious lesions in the primary and permanent teeth of children. The clinical records of patients aged 3 to 14 years who had carious lesions were evaluated. Dental caries was assessed using the modified decayed, missing, and filled teeth (dmft/DMFT) index, and the biofilm was assessed using the O'Leary plaque control record. The results were analyzed considering the presence or absence of caries and the stages of caries. The kappa coefficient between the left and right sides was calculated, and the chi-square test was applied (P < 0.05). The sample consisted of 206 children and 4802 teeth (2127 primary and 2675 permanent teeth). Fifty-one percent of the sample was female, and the mean age was 8.28 (SD 1.62) years. The mean number of dmft/DMFT was 4.45 (SD 3.61), and the mean O'Leary plaque index was 27.38%. The overall symmetry for the presence/absence of dental caries was 49.5% (n = 342), and the symmetry for the stage of caries was 43.5% (n = 301). The symmetry was similar in primary and permanent teeth for the presence/absence of caries (50.83% and 47.39%, respectively) and stages of caries (42.08% and 45.89%, respectively). Among the teeth that showed symmetry of carious lesions, there was an association between the hygiene condition and the presence of lesions in all maxillary and mandibular primary second molars and in the mandibular permanent right first molar (P < 0.05). A bilateral symmetric relationship of carious lesions was observed in the primary canines, primary first and second molars, permanent central and lateral incisors, first premolars, and permanent first molars in both the maxillary and mandibular arches. The results suggest that the presence of a carious lesion on a tooth surface can predict vulnerability to caries on the contralateral tooth, allowing the dentist to pursue targeted preventive action. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Statement of the Problem: Growth assessment has become an important issue in many medical and dental fields. Determining the stages of dental development and skeletal maturation are essential methods in evaluation of growth phases. Purpose: This study aimed to assess the relationship between developmental stages of maxillary and mandibular canines and second molars by Nolla’s method and skeletal maturation stages by cervical vertebral maturation. In addition, diagnostic performances of dental developmental stages were evaluated to identify growth phases. Materials and Method: In this descriptive-analytical study, 201 digital panoramic and lateral cephalometry of children referred to the Orthodontic Department of Babol Dental School (8 to 15 years) were examined. The stages of dental development were determined by Nolla’s method, and the stages of skeletal development were determined by cervical vertebral maturation stages (CVMs). Positive likelihood ratio (LHR+) was used to determine the diagnostic performances to identify growth phases. The Kendall's Tau-b correlation coefficient was used to measure the association between the CVM stages and dental calcification stages. In this study, p ≤ 0.05 was considered significant. Results: The relationship between dental development and skeletal maturation in different teeth was significant (p≤ 0.05). Kendall's Tau-b correlation coefficient between the stages of dental development and skeletal maturity in girls ranged from 0.578 - 0.634 and in boys ranged from 0.588 - 0.655. The right second molar in maxilla presented the highest correlation coefficient. The right and left second molars in maxilla and left second molar in mandible in stage 5 had the highest LHR+ to identify the pre-pubertal growth phase. Conclusion: Despite the high correlation coefficient between dental development and skeletal maturity, the LHR+ for determining growth stages in only a small number of teeth was more than 10. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The primary aim was to evaluate the degree of root development of permanent canines at the time of alveolar eruption. We also aimed to assess whether differences in the degree of root development at alveolar eruption exist between permanent canines and premolars and between maxilla and mandible. A cross-sectional study. Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London. Two hundred dental panoramic radiographs taken as part of routine dental care. Radiographs were assessed for canine and premolar root development stage and eruption level with calibration and repeat measurements undertaken. Two hundred and sixty teeth were identified as being at the level of alveolar eruption. The majority of maxillary canines reached alveolar eruption when root formation was complete. Most premolars and mandibular canines reached alveolar eruption when roots were three-quarters developed. At alveolar eruption, canines were statistically more mature than premolars (p<0.001) and maxillary teeth were more mature than mandibular teeth (p<0.05). Root development appears to be particularly advanced for maxillary permanent canines, being essentially root-complete at alveolar eruption, while premolars and mandibular permanent canines appear to have three-quarters root development at this stage. This information may be used to inform whether and when to extract primary teeth for orthodontic reasons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]