2,679 results on '"Chen LIN"'
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2. Harnessing biosynthesized selenium nanoparticles for recruitment of beneficial soil microbes to plant roots.
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Sun, Chenyu, Sun, Bin, Chen, Lin, Zhang, Meilin, Lu, Pingping, Wu, Mengfan, Xue, Quanhong, Guo, Qiao, Tang, Dejian, and Lai, Hangxian
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Root exudates can benefit plant growth and health by reshaping the rhizosphere microbiome. Whether nanoparticles biosynthesized by rhizosphere microbes play a similar role in plant microbiome manipulation remains enigmatic. Herein, we collect elemental selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) from selenobacteria associated with maize roots. In vitro and soil assays show that the SeNPs enhanced plant performance by recruiting plant growth-promoting bacteria (e.g., Bacillus) in a dose-dependent manner. Multiomic profilings unravel a cross-kingdom-signaling cascade that mediates efficient biosynthesis of SeNPs by selenobacteria. Specifically, maize roots perceive histamine signaling from Bacillus spp., which stimulates the plant to produce p -coumarate via root exudation. The rpoS gene in selenobacteria (e.g., Pseudomonas sp. ZY71) responds to p -coumarate signaling and positively regulates the biosynthesis of SeNPs. This study demonstrates a novel mechanism for recruiting host-beneficial soil microbes by microbially synthesized nanoparticles and unlocks promising possibilities for plant microbiome manipulation. [Display omitted] • Se nanoparticles from rhizosphere selenobacteria recruit host-beneficial microbes • Cross-kingdom signals mediate efficient biosynthesis of Se nanoparticles • Bacillus histamine and plant p -coumarate are respectively primary and secondary signals • p -Coumarate upregulates RpoS to promote Se nanoparticle formation in selenobacteria Sun et al. identify a cross-kingdom-signaling cascade that mediates efficient biosynthesis of selenium nanoparticles by rhizosphere selenobacteria based on multiomic profiling. Histamine produced by Bacillus spp. stimulates p -coumarate production in maize root exudates, which contributes to the recruitment of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria and consequently the improvement of plant performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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3. The Environmental Stability of CsPbBr3 PQD Thin-Film Scintillators with Encapsulants.
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Wang, Xiaogang, Chen, Renjie, Zhang, Junliang, Han, Chenxi, Guo, Yanling, Chen, Ximeng, and Chen, Lin
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- 2024
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4. Influence of Nitrogen Content on the Microstructure Evolution and Oxidation Resistance toward Ambient Air of CrAlSiN Coatings Deposited by FCVAD Technique.
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Zhang, Gaowei, Liu, Yangbin, Zhao, Cheng, Cao, Hongshuai, Wu, Jie, Chen, Lin, Wu, Jiakun, Wang, Junfeng, Zhang, Xu, and Liao, Bin
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- 2024
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5. Unexpected Photodriven Linker-to-Node Hole Transfer in a Zirconium-Based Metal–Organic Framework.
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Kramar, Boris V., Bondarenko, Anna S., Koehne, Sydney M., Diroll, Benjamin T., Wang, Xiaodan, Yang, Haofan, Schanze, Kirk S., Chen, Lin X., Tempelaar, Roel, and Hupp, Joseph T.
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- 2024
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6. Dielectric Metasurfaces for Broadband Phase-Contrast Relief-Like Imaging.
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Deng, Ming, Kanwal, Saima, Wang, Zhuochao, Cai, Chengkun, Cheng, Yongzhi, Guan, Jianguo, Hu, Guangwei, Wang, Jian, Wen, Jing, and Chen, Lin
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- 2024
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7. Synthesis and Pesticidal Activities of Ester Derivatives of the Labdane Diterpenoid Andrographolide at the C‑3 Position Containing the Isoxazoline Fragment and Their Toxicology Study against Tetranychus cinnabarinus Boisduval.
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Wang, Yanyan, Lv, Min, Gu, Siyan, Hao, Chunyang, Zhou, Yimeng, Chen, Lin, and Xu, Hui
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- 2024
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8. Nuciferine Alleviates High-Fat Diet- and ApoE–/–-Induced Hepatic Steatosis and Ferroptosis in NAFLD Mice via the PPARα Signaling Pathway.
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Qiu, Jiannan, Le, Yifei, Liu, Nian, Chen, Lin, Jiang, Yuwei, wang, Yuhao, Fan, Xiaohui, Rong, Xianglu, Yu, Zhiling, Li, Songtao, and Dou, Xiaobing
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- 2024
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9. Semi-Preparation and X‑ray Single-Crystal Structures of Sophocarpine-Based Isoxazoline Derivatives and Their Pesticidal Effects and Toxicology Study.
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Xu, Jianwei, Dou, Zihan, Zuo, Sihui, Lv, Min, Wang, Yanyan, Hao, Meng, Chen, Lin, and Xu, Hui
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- 2024
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10. Fgk3, a Glycogen Synthase Kinase, Regulates Chitin Synthesis through the Carbon Catabolite Repressor FgCreA in Fusarium graminearum.
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Ni, Yajia, Wang, Jiawen, Chen, Lin, Liu, Huiquan, and Wang, Guanghui
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- 2024
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11. Malignant left ventricular hypertrophy and risk of cognitive impairment in SPRINT MIND trial.
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Kazibwe, Richard, Ahmad, Muhammad Imtiaz, Hughes, Timothy M., Chen, Lin Y., and Soliman, Elsayed Z.
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The association of malignant left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), a specific subphenotype of LVH characterized by elevated levels of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin (hs-cTnT) or N-terminal pro–B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), with cognitive decline remains understudied. This post-hoc analysis included a total of 8,027 (67.9 ± 9.3 years) SPRINT MIND trial participants who had with at least 1 follow-up cognitive assessment. Participants were classified into 6 groups on the basis of LVH status on electrocardiogram (ECG), and elevations in levels of hs-cTnT ≥14 ng/L or NT-proBNP ≥125 pg/mL at baseline visit. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard models were used to examine the association of LVH/biomarker groups with incident probable dementia, mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and a composite of MCI/probable dementia. Over a median follow-up period of 5 years, there were 306, 597, and 818 incidents of MCI, probable dementia and a composite of MCI/probable dementia, respectively. Compared with participants without LVH and normal biomarker levels, those with concomitant LVH and elevated levels of both biomarkers were associated with a higher risk of probable dementia (HR, 2.50; 95% CI (1.26-4.95), MCI (HR, 1.78; 95% CI (0.99-3.23) and the composite of MCI/ probable dementia (HR, 1.89; 95% CI, 1.16-3.10). Among SPRINT participants, malignant LVH is associated with incident probable dementia and mild cognitive impairment. These findings underscore the potential utility of measuring hs-cTnT and NT-proBNP levels when LVH is detected on ECG, aiding in the differentiation of individuals with a favorable risk for cognitive impairment from those with a higher risk. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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12. Constructing interlaced network structure by grain boundary corrosion methods on CrCoNiFe alloy for high-performance oxygen evolution reaction and urea oxidation reaction.
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Liu, Qiancheng, Zhao, Feng, Yang, Xulin, Zhu, Jie, Yang, Sudong, Chen, Lin, Zhao, Peng, Wang, Qingyuan, and Zhang, Qian
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OXYGEN evolution reactions ,CRYSTAL grain boundaries ,ENERGY conversion ,CORROSION engineering ,ELECTROLYTIC corrosion - Abstract
• The EBSD characterization and SEM images indicated that grain boundaries that existed as defects with high energy were preferentially corroded and exposed compared with the internal grains. • The (oxy)hydroxides layer on the surface enhanced the catalytic efficiency and surface wettability, endowing the electrode facile access to the electrolytes. • The high mechanical strength between the substrate and (oxy)hydroxides layer prevented the detachment of the hydroxide layer, ensuring high stability. • Benefiting from its unique structure and constructed surface, CrCoNiFe-12 exhibited a high OER (η 10 = 285 mV) and UOR performance (η 10 = 250 mV). Corrosion engineering is an effective way to improve the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activity of alloys. However, the impact of grain boundary corrosion on the structure and electrochemical performance of alloy is still unknown. Herein, the vacuum arc-melted CrCoNiFe alloys with interlaced network structures via grain boundary corrosion methods were fabricated. The grain boundaries that existed as defects were severely corroded and an interlaced network structure was formed, promoting the exposure of the active site and the release of gas bubbles. Besides, the (oxy)hydroxides layer (25 nm) on the surface could act as the true active center and improve the surface wettability. Benefiting from the unique structure and constructed surface, the CrCoNiFe-12 affords a high urea oxidation reaction (UOR) performance with the lowest overpotential of 250 mV at 10 mA/cm
2 in 1 M KOH adding 0.33 M urea. The CrCoNiFe-12||Pt only required a cell voltage of 1.485 V to afford 10 mA/cm2 for UOR and long-term stability of 100 h at 10 mA/cm2 (27.6 mV decrease). These findings offer a facile strategy for designing bulk multiple-principal-element alloy electrodes for energy conversion. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
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13. Excellent Reliability in Hf₀.₅Zr₀.₅O₂ Based Ferroelectric Device With Oxygen-Doped ITO Electrodes
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Zhang, Jinna, Yu, Jiajie, Li, Zhenhai, Xu, Kangli, Liu, Yongkai, Meng, Jialin, Zhu, Hao, Sun, Qingqing, Zhu, Xiaojian, Zhang, David Wei, and Chen, Lin
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Hafnium-based ferroelectric memory has become an attractive candidate for next-generation storage technology due to its high write/read speed and low power consumption. In this letter, a highly reliable ferroelectric memory device based on zirconium-doped hafnium oxide (HZO) using oxide (indium tin oxide) electrodes is proposed. The devices have excellent ferroelectric properties with an initial remnant polarization (2P
$_{\text {r}}$ $53.8~\mu $ $_{\text {r}} \gt 33~\mu $ $10^{{12}}$ - Published
- 2024
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14. Synthesis and Pesticidal Activities of Ester Derivatives of the Labdane Diterpenoid Andrographolide at the C-3 Position Containing the Isoxazoline Fragment and Their Toxicology Study against Tetranychus cinnabarinusBoisduval
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Wang, Yanyan, Lv, Min, Gu, Siyan, Hao, Chunyang, Zhou, Yimeng, Chen, Lin, and Xu, Hui
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Due to the long-term overuse of chemical pesticides, serious resistance and negative problems on human health and the ecological environment have appeared. To develop plant-product-based pesticide candidates, a series of novel andrographolide ester derivatives containing the isoxazoline skeleton were prepared at the C-3 position. Their pesticidal activities were evaluated against three typical pests such as Mythimna separataWalker, Aphis citricolaVan der Goot, and Tetranychus cinnabarinusBoisduval. Against M. separata, compounds Ik, IIf, IIg, and IIkshowed 1.6–1.8 times insecticidal activity compared to that of andrographolide; against A. citricola, compounds 6, Ih, and IIhpossessed 3.7–3.9-fold aphicidal activity compared to that of andrographolide; against T. cinnabarinus, compounds Ib, Ig, and IIkexhibited 7.4–9.1-fold promising acaricidal activity compared to that of andrographolide. It is worth mentioning that effects of IIkon morphological changes of the treated mite cuticle layer structures were observed by the scanning electron microscope imaging method. Compound IIkcan be studied as a pesticidal lead for further structural modification.
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- 2024
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15. Semi-Preparation and X-ray Single-Crystal Structures of Sophocarpine-Based Isoxazoline Derivatives and Their Pesticidal Effects and Toxicology Study
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Xu, Jianwei, Dou, Zihan, Zuo, Sihui, Lv, Min, Wang, Yanyan, Hao, Meng, Chen, Lin, and Xu, Hui
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Recently, research and development of novel pesticides from natural plant products have received much attention. To accelerate the application of sophocarpine as the agrochemical candidate, a series of novel sophocarpine-based isoxazoline derivatives were prepared by the 1,3-dipolar [2 + 3] cycloaddition reaction of sophocarpine with different chloroximes. Their structures were well characterized by high-resolution mass spectra, infrared spectra, and proton/carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectra. Eight steric configurations of compounds 5a, 5e’, 5f, 5g, 5h, 5i, 5r, and 5u’were further determined by X-ray single-crystallography. Against Aphis citricolaVan der Goot, compounds 5n(LD50: 0.032 μg/nymph) and 5o(LD50: 0.024 μg/nymph) exhibited greater than 3.7- and 4.9-fold potent aphicidal activity compared to sophocarpine (LD50: 0.118 μg/nymph). Against Tetranychus cinnabarinusBoisduval, derivative 5gdisplayed the most promising acaricidal activity with the LC50value of 0.247 mg/mL, which was 14.2-fold that of sophocarpine. Compounds 5dand 5galso exhibited good control efficacy against T. cinnabarinus. Scanning electron microscopy images indicated that compound 5gcan destroy the mite cuticle layer. These results will provide the foundation for the structural modification and use of sophocarpine derivatives as agrochemicals in the future.
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- 2024
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16. Nuciferine Alleviates High-Fat Diet- and ApoE–/–-Induced Hepatic Steatosis and Ferroptosis in NAFLD Mice via the PPARα Signaling Pathway
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Qiu, Jiannan, Le, Yifei, Liu, Nian, Chen, Lin, Jiang, Yuwei, wang, Yuhao, Fan, Xiaohui, Rong, Xianglu, Yu, Zhiling, Li, Songtao, and Dou, Xiaobing
- Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) causes significant global mortality and healthcare costs with no recommended pharmacological intervention for clinical management. Nuciferine (Nuc) is an alkaloid with aromatic rings, abundantly found in Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. In this study, we explored the protective mechanisms of Nuc against hepatic steatosis and ferroptosis in NAFLD. High-fat diet (HFD) and healthy male ApoE–/–mice were used to induce NAFLD and a hypercholesterolemia model. Nuc was administered to the mice for four consecutive weeks from the ninth week. Various assessments, including histopathology, RNA sequencing, lipid metabolism, and ferroptosis-related protein expression, showed that Nuc alleviated hepatic steatosis and ferroptosis. We further showed that Nuc improves fatty acid accumulation and ferroptosis through the PPARα signaling pathway in mice and RSL3-treated AML-12 cells. The PPARα inhibitor GW6471 blocked Nuc’s protective effects, leading to excess accumulation of iron ions. Thus, Nuc may be a potential therapeutic agent for NAFLD.
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- 2024
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17. DEPDC1 affects autophagy-dependent glycolysis levels in human osteosarcoma cells by modulating RAS/ERK signaling through TTK
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Yu, Dong, Chen, Lin, Li, Yingchun, Liu, Bailian, and Xiao, Weiping
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The current treatment for osteosarcoma (OS) is based on surgery combined with systemic chemotherapy, however, gene therapy has been hypothesized to improve patient survival rates. The density-enhanced protein domain 1 protein (DEPDC1) functions as a crucial determinant in the advancement of OS, which is highly expressed in OS cells. The current study was designed to delve into the effect and mechanism of DEPDC1 and phosphotyrosine-picked threonine tyrosine kinase (TTK) in OS. The expression of DEPDC1 and TTK in OS cells was detected by western blotting. Furthermore, the assessment of glycolysis encompassed the quantification of extracellular acidification rate, glucose uptake rate, lactate concentration, and the expression of glucose transporter 1, hexokinase 2, and pyruvate kinase M2. Finally, the functions of DEPDC1 and TTK in autophagy and ras-extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling were determined by western blotting after interfering with DEPDC1 in SaOS-2 cells. The results revealed that DEPDC1 and TTK were upregulated in OS cell lines and interfering with DEPDC1 inhibited glycolysis and autophagy in OS cells. Furthermore, the STRING database suggested that DEPDC1 and TTK perform targeted binding. Notably, the results of the present study revealed that DEPDC1 upregulated RAS expression through TTK and enhanced ERK activity, thereby affecting glycolysis and autophagy in OS cells. Collectively, the present investigation demonstrated that DEPDC1 affected autophagy-dependent glycolysis levels of OS cells by regulating RAS/ERK signaling through TTK.
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- 2024
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18. Tailoring Risk Prediction Models to Local Populations
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Zinzuwadia, Aniket N., Mineeva, Olga, Li, Chunying, Farukhi, Zareen, Giulianini, Franco, Cade, Brian, Chen, Lin, Karlson, Elizabeth, Paynter, Nina, Mora, Samia, and Demler, Olga
- Abstract
IMPORTANCE: Risk estimation is an integral part of cardiovascular care. Local recalibration of guideline-recommended models could address the limitations of existing tools. OBJECTIVE: To provide a machine learning (ML) approach to augment the performance of the American Heart Association’s Predicting Risk of Cardiovascular Disease Events (AHA-PREVENT) equations when applied to a local population while preserving clinical interpretability. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This cohort study used a New England–based electronic health record cohort of patients without prior atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) who had the data necessary to calculate the AHA-PREVENT 10-year risk of developing ASCVD in the event period (2007-2016). Patients with prior ASCVD events, death prior to 2007, or age 79 years or older in 2007 were subsequently excluded. The final study population of 95 326 patients was split into 3 nonoverlapping subsets for training, testing, and validation. The AHA-PREVENT model was adapted to this local population using the open-source ML model (MLM) Extreme Gradient Boosting model (XGBoost) with minimal predictor variables, including age, sex, and AHA-PREVENT. The MLM was monotonically constrained to preserve known associations between risk factors and ASCVD risk. Along with sex, race and ethnicity data from the electronic health record were collected to validate the performance of ASCVD risk prediction in subgroups. Data were analyzed from August 2021 to February 2024. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Consistent with the AHA-PREVENT model, ASCVD events were defined as the first occurrence of either nonfatal myocardial infarction, coronary artery disease, ischemic stroke, or cardiovascular death. Cardiovascular death was coded via government registries. Discrimination, calibration, and risk reclassification were assessed using the Harrell C index, a modified Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test and calibration curves, and reclassification tables, respectively. RESULTS: In the test set of 38 137 patients (mean [SD] age, 64.8 [6.9] years, 22 708 [59.5]% women and 15 429 [40.5%] men; 935 [2.5%] Asian, 2153 [5.6%] Black, 1414 [3.7%] Hispanic, 31 400 [82.3%] White, and 2235 [5.9%] other, including American Indian, multiple races, unspecified, and unrecorded, consolidated owing to small numbers), MLM-PREVENT had improved calibration (modified Hosmer-Lemeshow P > .05) compared to the AHA-PREVENT model across risk categories in the overall cohort (χ23 = 2.2; P = .53 vs χ23 > 16.3; P < .001) and sex subgroups (men: χ23 = 2.1; P = .55 vs χ23 > 16.3; P < .001; women: χ23 = 6.5; P = .09 vs. χ23 > 16.3; P < .001), while also surpassing a traditional recalibration approach. MLM-PREVENT maintained or improved AHA-PREVENT’s calibration in Asian, Black, and White individuals. Both MLM-PREVENT and AHA-PREVENT performed equally well in discriminating risk (approximate ΔC index, ±0.01). Using a clinically significant 7.5% risk threshold, MLM-PREVENT reclassified a total of 11.5% of patients. We visualize the recalibration through MLM-PREVENT ASCVD risk charts that highlight preserved risk associations of the original AHA-PREVENT model. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: The interpretable ML approach presented in this article enhanced the accuracy of the AHA-PREVENT model when applied to a local population while still preserving the risk associations found by the original model. This method has the potential to recalibrate other established risk tools and is implementable in electronic health record systems for improved cardiovascular risk assessment.
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- 2024
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19. A Novel Miniaturized THz PPCPs’ Metasensor
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Cao, Hongyan, Huang, Fangling, Sun, Li, Zhou, Ming, and Chen, Lin
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At present, the residues and potential risks of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in water surface, groundwater, and drinking water sources have attracted extensive attention. The concentration of PPCPs in the environment is usually at the level of ng/L
$\sim ~\mu $ $\pi $ $\pi - \pi $ $\pi $ $\pi -\pi $ - Published
- 2024
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20. Sidelobe Suppression Method with Improved CLEAN Algorithm for Pulse Compression OTDR
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Huang, Yi, Chen, Xiaofeng, Shen, Wei, Wei, Ziyi, Hu, Chengyong, Deng, Chuanlu, Wang, Lisen, Zhang, Qi, Chen, Wei, Zhang, Xiaobei, Chen, Lin, Jin, Wei, Tang, Jianming, and Wang, Tingyun
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Although pulse compression optical time domain reflectometry (PC-OTDR) exhibits high performance in spatial resolution and dynamic range, it inevitably introduces auto-correlation sidelobes, potentially impacting measurement accuracy. In this letter, an improved CLEAN algorithm is proposed to efficiently suppress sidelobes and enhance the peak-to-sidelobe ratio (PSLR) of signals in PC-OTDR. The proposed method introduces an adaptive step factor instead of the traditional fixed factor to reduce the number of iterations. Compared to the traditional method, the proposed method achieves a 2.87 dB improvement of PSLR from a 10 km sensing fiber. In addition, the computation time cost is significantly reduced, which is 1.92 s less than that of the traditional CLEAN algorithm.
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- 2024
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21. A New Algorithm of Rain Type Classification for GPM Dual-Frequency Precipitation Radar in Summer Tibetan Plateau
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Fu, Yunfei, Yang, Liu, Wu, Zhenhao, Zhang, Peng, Gu, Songyan, Chen, Lin, and Nan, Sun
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In this study, a new rain type classification algorithm for the Dual-Frequency Precipitation Radar (DPR) suitable over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) was proposed by analyzing Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) DPR Level-2 data in summer from 2014 to 2020. It was found that the DPR rain type classification algorithm (simply called DPR algorithm) has mis-identification problems in two aspects in summer TP. In the new algorithm of rain type classification in summer TP, four rain types are classified by using new thresholds, such as the maximum reflectivity factor, the difference between the maximum reflectivity factor and the background maximum reflectivity factor, and the echo top height. In the threshold of the maximum reflectivity factors, 30 dBZ and 18 dBZ are both thresholds to separate strong convective precipitation, weak convective precipitation and weak precipitation. The results illustrate obvious differences of radar reflectivity factor and vertical velocity among the three rain types in summer TP, such as the reflectivity factor of most strong convective precipitation distributes from 15 dBZ to near 35 dBZ from 4 km to 13 km, and increases almost linearly with the decrease in height. For most weak convective precipitation, the reflectivity factor distributes from 15dBZ to 28 dBZ with the height from 4 km to 9 km. For weak precipitation, the reflectivity factor mainly distributes in range of 15–25 dBZ with height within 4–10 km. It is also shows that weak precipitation is the dominant rain type in summer TP, accounting for 40%–80%, followed by weak convective precipitation (25%–40%), and strong convective precipitation has the least proportion (less than 30%).
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- 2024
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22. Selective extraction of chromium from chromium-bearing electroplating sludge by pressure oxidation alkaline leaching
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Liu, Weifeng, Chen, Peng, Chen, Lin, and Zhang, Duchao
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The selective extraction of chromium (Cr) from Chromium-bearing electroplating sludge (CES) has positive significance for harmless disposal and reducing dependence on native resources. Herein, the process of pressure oxidation alkaline leaching of CES is reported. The leaching ratio of Cr was reached 89.9 % under the optimal conditions, i.e., temperature of 125℃, NaOH concentration of 1.5 mol/L, liquid-solid ratio of 10, oxygen partial pressure of 2Mpa and reaction time of 2 h, while other elements such as Cu, Ni, Fe and Zn were virtually not leached out. In addition, the concentration of NaOH required for the maximum of the leaching ratio of Cr decreased with the increase of temperature, which attributed to the synergistic effect of temperature and NaOH concentration on the solubility and diffusion coefficient of the oxidant. As the oxygen partial pressure was increased to 2 MPa, the liquid-solid ratio was raised to 10, and the reaction time was extended to 2 h, respectively, the leaching ratio of Cr reached maximum and then remained as a constant. Kinetic studies showed the leaching process of chromium was controlled by chemical reaction, and the apparent activation energy was 112.1 kJ/mol. The efficient selective recovery of Cr is of great significance to reduce the difficulty of comprehensive recovery of valuable metal elements in the CES.
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- 2024
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23. E3 ubiquitin ligase TRIM31 alleviates dopaminergic neurodegeneration by promoting proteasomal degradation of VDAC1 in Parkinson’s Disease model
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Zhao, Ze, Song, Xiaomeng, Wang, Yimeng, Yu, Lu, Huang, Gan, Li, Yiquan, Zong, Runzhe, Liu, Tengfei, Ji, Qiuran, Zheng, Yi, Liu, Bingyu, Zhu, Qingfen, Chen, Lin, Gao, Chengjiang, and Liu, Huiqing
- Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease (PD). As a mitochondrial governor, voltage-dependent anion channel 1 (VDAC1) is critical for cell survival and death signals and implicated in neurodegenerative diseases. However, the mechanisms of VDAC1 regulation are poorly understood and the role of tripartite motif-containing protein 31 (TRIM31), an E3 ubiquitin ligase which is enriched in mitochondria, in PD remains unclear. In this study, we found that TRIM31−/−mice developed age associated motor defects and dopaminergic (DA) neurodegeneration spontaneously. In addition, TRIM31 was markedly reduced both in nigrostriatal region of PD mice induced by MPTP and in SH-SY5Y cells stimulated by MPP+. TRIM31 deficiency significantly aggravated DA neurotoxicity induced by MPTP. Mechanistically, TRIM31 interacted with VDAC1 and catalyzed the K48-linked polyubiquitination to degrade it through its E3 ubiquitin ligase activity. In conclusion, we demonstrated for the first time that TRIM31 served as an important regulator in DA neuronal homeostasis by facilitating VDAC1 degradation through the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Our study identified TRIM31 as a novel potential therapeutic target and pharmaceutical intervention to the interaction between TRIM31 and VDAC1 may provide a promising strategy for PD.
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- 2024
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24. Quantitative evaluation of uncertain parameters for thermal-hydraulic experiments based on the COSINE code
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Cheng, Yixuan, Zhang, Hao, Zhao, Meng, Chen, Lin, Zhou, Fanfan, and Yang, Yanhua
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Identifying important phenomena and parameters of LBLOCAs is an important step in nuclear power safety evaluation. Traditional identification processes are based on experience and incorporate important phenomena and parameters without quantifying specific aspects of the models. To accurately identify physical effects, this paper presents the use of multiphase field subchannel code for simulation analysis as applied to numerical examples and specific reactor thermal-hydraulic problems. The results indicate that the code can simulate the relevant phenomena, and the calculation band of the refill stage is narrow, while the calculation band of the reflood stage is wide. In addition, the key impact models are captured. The radiation model most significantly impacts the cladding temperature in the core, and the heat transfer model of transition boiling to the gas phase is most strongly influenced by the quenching time. The interfacial heat transfer model of the large bubble regime for the liquid plays a major role in influencing the water inventory of the lower plenum in the downcomer.
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- 2024
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25. Reciprocal Velocity Obstacle Spatial-Temporal Network for Distributed Multirobot Navigation
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Chen, Lin, Wang, Yaonan, Miao, Zhiqiang, Feng, Mingtao, Zhou, Zhen, Wang, Hesheng, and Wang, Danwei
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The core of multirobot collision avoidance lies in developing a decentralized policy that can guide robots from their initial positions to target locations based on the environment states perceived by the robots and ensure collision avoidance. However, the current multirobot collision avoidance policy network is challenging to simultaneously extract the global spatial state, temporal state, and reciprocity among robots, which limits its performance. In this work, we have developed a novel reciprocal velocity obstacle (RVO) spatial-temporal network and employed the proximal policy optimization algorithm to train the network parameters during interactions with a multirobot simulation environment. Specifically, a temporal state encoder module, utilized to represent the temporal characteristics of observation sequence data, is designed and achieved through the combination of the graph attention mechanism and the transformer encoding module. Furthermore, we design a reciprocal spatial state encoder module achieved through the use of a transformer encoding module to merge feature data from long short-term memory (LSTM), GRU, and bidirectional gated recurrent units (BiGRUs) branches, serving the purpose of representing spatial characteristics in RVO sequence data. Extensive simulation experiments demonstrate that our proposed method outperforms the state-of-the-art distributed policy reinforcement learning (RL)-RVO. We further conducted physical experiments using three Crazyflie quadcopter drones, illustrating its ability to effectively guide agents’ movements and avoid collisions.
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- 2024
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26. Reconfigurable Selector-Free All-Optical Controlled Neuromorphic Memristor for In-Memory Sensing and Reservoir Computing
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Lu, Chen, Meng, Jialin, Song, Jieru, Xu, Kangli, Wang, Tianyu, Zhu, Hao, Sun, Qing-qing, Zhang, David Wei, and Chen, Lin
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Recently, the rising demand for data-based applications has driven the convergence of image sensing, memory, and computing unit interfaces. While specialized electronic hardware has spurred advancements in the in-memory and in-sensor computing, integrating the entire signal-processing chain into a single device still faces significant challenges. Here, a reconfigurable all-optical controlled memristor with the selector-free feature is demonstrated. The conductance of the device can be controlled within the pure light domain, which enables it to integrate sensing, memory, and computing together. The integrate-and-fire behavior is also realized through electrical stimuli. Furthermore, the device exhibits an excellent rectifying ratio and nonlinearity to overcome the sneak current. Finally, an in-memory sensing and computing architecture is realized through reservoir computing based on neuron and synaptic functions mimicked by the proposed device. Such an all-in-one paradigm facilitates the computing architecture with low energy consumption, low latency, and reduced hardware complexity.
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- 2024
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27. Fgk3, a Glycogen Synthase Kinase, Regulates Chitin Synthesis through the Carbon Catabolite Repressor FgCreA in Fusarium graminearum
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Ni, Yajia, Wang, Jiawen, Chen, Lin, Liu, Huiquan, and Wang, Guanghui
- Abstract
The glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3) orthologs are well-conserved in eukaryotic organisms. However, their functions remain poorly characterized in filamentous fungi. In our previous study, we unveiled the function of Fgk3, the GSK3 ortholog, in glycogen metabolism in Fusarium graminearum, the causal agent of Fusarium head blight. Interestingly, the fgk3mutant was unstable and tended to produce fast-growing suppressors, including secondary suppressors. Using whole-genome sequencing, we identified suppressor mutations in FgCHS5, FgFKS1, FgCREA, FgSSN6, FgRGR1, and FgPP2Ain nine primary and four secondary suppressors. Subsequently, we validated that deletion of FgCHS5or FgCREAΔH253mutation partially suppressed the defects of fgk3in vegetative growth and cell wall integrity, suggesting that Fgk3 may regulate the chitin synthesis through FgCreA-mediated transcriptional regulation in F. graminearum. Accordingly, the FGK3deletion led to hyphal swelling with abnormal chitin deposition, and deletion of FGK3or FgCREAcaused the upregulation of the expression of chitin synthases FgCHS5and FgCHS6. The interaction between Fgk3 and FgCreA was verified by Yeast two-hybrid and Co-Immunoprecipitation assays. More importantly, we verified that the nuclear localization and protein stability of FgCreA relies on the Fgk3 kinase, while the H253 deletion facilitated the re-localization of FgCreA to the nucleus in the fgk3mutant background, potentially contributing to the suppression of the fgk3mutant’s defects. Intriguingly, the ΔH253 mutation of FgCreA, identified in suppressor mutant S3, is adjacent to a conserved phosphorylation site, S254, suggesting that this mutation may inhibit the S254 phosphorylation and promote the nuclear localization of FgCreA. Collectively, our findings indicate that the glycogen synthase kinase Fgk3 regulates the chitin synthesis through the carbon catabolite repressor FgCreA in F. graminearum.
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- 2024
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28. AptBCis1, An Aptamer–Cisplatin Conjugate, Is Effective in Lung Cancer Leptomeningeal Carcinomatosis
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Huang, Bo-Tsang, Lai, Wei-Yun, Yeh, Chen-Lin, Tseng, Yi-Ting, Peck, Konan, Yang, Pan-Chyr, and Lin, Emily Pei-Ying
- Abstract
Treatment of lung cancer leptomeningeal carcinomatosis (LM) remains challenging partly due to the biological nature of the blood–brain barrier (BBB). Cisplatin has limited effects on LM, and it is notorious for neurotoxicity. Aptamers are small oligonucleotides considered as antibody surrogates. Here we report a DNA therapeutics, AptBCis1. AptBCis1 is a cisplatin-conjugated, BBB-penetrating, and cancer-targeting DNA aptamer. Its backbone, AptB1, was identified via in vivoSELEX using lung cancer LM orthotopic mouse models. The AptB1 binds to EAAT2, Nucleolin, and YB-1 proteins. Treatment with AptBCis1 1 mg/kg (equivalent to cisplatin 0.35 mg/kg) showed superior tumor suppressive effects compared to cisplatin 2 mg/kg in mice with lung cancer LM diseases. The cerebrospinal fluid platinum concentration in the AptBCis1 group was 10% of that in the cisplatin group. The data suggested the translational potential of AptBCis1 in lung cancer with LM and in cancers in which platinum-based chemotherapy remains as the standard of care.
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- 2024
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29. Unsupervised Homography Estimation With Pixel-Level SVDD
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Zhou, Zhen, Zhu, Qing, Feng, Mingtao, Wang, Yaonan, Luo, Jianqiao, Miao, Zhiqiang, Chen, Lin, and Mo, Yang
- Abstract
Homography estimation is a common image alignment method. Unsupervised learning, which uses unlabeled training and exhibits excellent performance, has attracted much attention in this field. When there are multiple planes in the scene, using features over the entire image for matching will lead to compromised results. However, existing methods for learning focused principal plane masks through deep neural networks lack explicit guidance. In this paper, we propose a novel unsupervised method to explicitly model anomaly descriptor removal and mask generation. Specifically, reliable feature descriptors are selected from a novel perspective, and regard the features that are not responsible for alignment as outliers. The pixel-level support vector data description (PL-SVDD) module is designed. This module learns the feature representation of image pixels and fits a hypersphere to exclude the feature redundancy information that is not responsible for alignment from the hypersphere, thereby optimizing the feature descriptor. Based on the optimized image features, a correlation learning (CL) module is designed. This module displays a generated mask through mathematical modeling to select reliable areas for homography estimation. Specifically, the feature descriptor of one unaligned images is modeled as a multivariate Gaussian distribution by Gaussian density estimation (GDE). Then, The Mahalanobis distance is combined with the multivariate Gaussian distribution of the model and the feature descriptor of another image to generate the mask. Experiments show that our method achieves good performance compared with previous methods.
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- 2024
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30. Revisiting RFID Missing Tag Identification: Theoretical Foundation and Algorithm Design
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Liu, Kanghuai, Chen, Lin, Yu, Jihong, and Jia, Ziyue
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We revisit the problem of missing tag identification in RFID networks by making three contributions. Firstly, we quantitatively compare and gauge the existing propositions spanning over a decade on missing tag identification. We show that the expected execution time of the best solution in the literature is
$\Theta \left ({{N+\frac {(1-\alpha )^{2}(1-\delta )^{2}}{ \epsilon ^{2}}}}\right )$ $\delta $ $\epsilon $ $\alpha N$ $\Theta \left ({{\frac {N}{\log N}+\frac {(1-\delta )^{2}(1-\alpha )^{2}}{\epsilon ^{2} \log \frac {(1-\delta )(1-\alpha )}{\epsilon }}}}\right )$ $\Theta \left ({{\frac {\log \log N}{\log N}N+\frac {(1-\alpha )^{2}(1-\delta )^{2}}{ \epsilon ^{2}}}}\right )$ $\log N$ - Published
- 2024
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31. Toward Safe Distributed Multi-Robot Navigation Coupled With Variational Bayesian Model
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Chen, Lin, Wang, Yaonan, Miao, Zhiqiang, Feng, Mingtao, Zhou, Zhen, Wang, Hesheng, and Wang, Danwei
- Abstract
Designing a safe and effective collision avoidance policy for multiple robots is essential in decentralized scenarios, where each robot is responsible for generating its own paths, to ensure their safe operation. Recently, the utilization of reinforcement learning to develop decentralized policies that enable multiple robots to move cooperatively and accomplish tasks has yielded positive outcomes. However, the presence of exploration unsafe actions during the reinforcement learning training process results in inadequate safety. We seek to enhance the safety of distributed multi-robot navigation policies and propose a new imitation learning framework based on the variational Bayesian model, which enables robots to learn safe actions by anticipating the subsequent state they are expected to reach. In addition, a new policy neural network structure for multi-robot navigation is proposed by introducing the transformer structure, which encodes the significance of nearby robots in relation to their forthcoming conditions. Experiments demonstrated that our policy can more safely guide robots to navigate in multi-robot environments under conditions of limited information, outperforming the state-of-the-art RL-RVO method in terms of success rate. Note to Practitioners—The motivation of this paper is to address the problem of collision avoidance in a multi-robot environment under limited information, which can also be applied to autonomous driving, crowd simulation, and other related fields. Positive outcomes have been observed in the utilization of reinforcement learning to create decentralized policies that enable multiple robots to move cooperatively and complete tasks. However, inadequate safety remains a challenging task due to the possibility of exploring hazardous actions during training. This article aims to enhance the safety of distributed policies guiding robots to accomplish navigation tasks in dynamic multi-robot environments. To begin with, we introduce a novel framework for imitation learning that is based on the variational Bayesian model. This framework facilitates the learning of safe actions by the policy to improve its performance and guide the robot in navigating and avoiding obstacles more securely. A loss function is proposed that enables the anticipation of the future state expected to be reached by the robot. By incorporating the transformer structure, a new neural network structure is designed for multi-robot navigation that encodes the significance of nearby robots concerning their upcoming conditions. This network structure employs a BiGRUs to facilitate the assimilation of observations from multiple agents by the policy. Compared to existing works such as GA3C-CADRL, SARL, and RL-RVO, our proposed method achieves a higher success rate. In our future research, we will investigate methods to enhance the policy’s performance in guiding robots to complete tasks by focusing on improving travel time and average speed, while also strictly ensuring safe navigation. Furthermore, we plan to extend this approach by addressing navigation challenges in more densely populated multi-robot environments.
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- 2024
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32. Joint Power Allocation and Beam Scheduling in Beam-Hopping Satellites: A Two-Stage Framework With a Probabilistic Perspective
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Chen, Lin, Wu, Linlong, Lagunas, Eva, Wang, Anyue, Lei, Lei, Chatzinotas, Symeon, and Ottersten, Bjorn
- Abstract
Beam-hopping (BH) technology, integral to multi-beam satellite systems, adapts beam activation to the variable communication demands of terrestrial users. The optimization of power allocation and beam illumination scheduling constitutes the core design challenge in BH systems, especially under the constraint on a limited number of simultaneously active beams due to restricted radio frequency chain availability. This paper proposes a two-stage BH design solution, which minimizes energy consumption in BH satellite communications while accommodating the heterogeneous demands of users. The first stage addresses the coupling variables of power and beam status by recasting the allocation and scheduling problem through a statistical lens, thus breaking down the intricate relationship between variables. To manage the resulting non-convex challenge, we propose an iterative method that capitalizes on the optimality conditions inherent to this problem. This method is designed to procure a statistically-informed solution that aligns with our reformulated interpretation. Subsequently, the second stage maps this solution into a concrete beam illumination schedule, employing binary quadratic programming techniques. A penalty-based iterative method is applied, ensuring convergence to a locally optimal solution. Through numerical simulations, the proposed framework has been validated for its efficacy in improving energy efficiency and accurately matching demands.
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- 2024
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33. Multiple Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Coalition Formation and Control for Collaborative Defense Mission
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Chen, Lin, Wei, Chen, and Duan, Haibin
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This article investigates the collaborative defense problem of multiple unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in a 3-D space with an important area. A two-phase defense strategy is proposed for multiple defending UAVs (defenders) to cooperatively prevent the adversarial UAVs (intruders) from approaching the important area. In the first phase, considering that a single defender may lack the ability to neutralize an intruder independently, a game-theoretical-based coalition formation algorithm is proposed to drive defenders to form different-sized defending coalitions to neutralize multiple intruders with different abilities. In the second phase, once a defending coalition is established, a distributed enclosing control protocol is presented to guide the coalition members to collaboratively form an enclosing configuration around the detected intruder, the purpose of which is to restrict the movement of the intruder. Both the coalition formation algorithm and the enclosing control protocol are designed based on the local interactions with the neighboring defenders, which are scalable and executable. Simulation tests demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed strategy. Meanwhile, the scalability and flexibility of the proposed strategy are also discussed in detail.
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- 2024
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34. An Efficient Hybrid Method of CBFM/AIM and Equivalent Dipole Moment for Computation of Electromagnetic Scattering Problems
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Wang, Xing, Chen, Lin, Liu, Chunheng, Liu, Ying, Zeng, Yi, Xu, Zhou, and Lin, Wei
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A new hybrid method CBFM/AIM-EDM is introduced to analyze the bistatic radar cross section (BCS) of perfect electrical conductor (PEC) scatterers. This method efficiently treats electromagnetic scattering problems from discrete objects using the electric field integral equation (EFIE). Initially, CBFM divides the target into multiple subdomains, with each subdomain is enclosed with its respective local Cartesian grid. Then, the macro basis functions within each subdomain are transformed into the local Cartesian grid. The AIM is utilized to accelerate the construction of CBFs, and the matrix vector multiplication process in the reduced matrix is carried out by the fast Fourier transform (FFT). In addition, the equivalent dipole moment (EDM) is introduced to speed up the calculation of the interaction between subdomains. Numerical results show that the proposed method successfully addresses the problem that conventional AIM is only suitable for computing targets with dense distributions of unknowns. This approach not only avoids the waste of numerous auxiliary grid points and lowers memory demands but also enhances computational efficiency and the convergence rate of the iterative process.
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- 2024
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35. EnhancedNet, an End-to-End Network for Dense Disparity Estimation and its Application to Aerial Images
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Kang, Junhua, Chen, Lin, and Heipke, Christian
- Abstract
Recent developments in deep learning technology have boosted the performance of dense stereo reconstruction. However, the state-of-the-art deep learning-based stereo matching methods are mainly trained using close-range synthetic images. Consequently, the application of these methods in aerial photogrammetry and remote sensing is currently far from straightforward. In this paper, we propose a new disparity estimation network for stereo matching and investigate its generalization abilities in regard to aerial images. First, we propose an end-to-end deep learning network for stereo matching, regularized by disparity gradients, which includes a residual cost volume and a reconstruction error volume in a refinement module, and multiple losses. In order to investigate the influence of the multiple losses, a comprehensive analysis is presented. Second, based on this network trained with synthetic close-range data, we propose a new pipeline for matching high-resolution aerial imagery. The experimental results show that the proposed network improves the disparity accuracy by up to 40% in terms of errors larger than 1 px compared to results when not including the refinement network, especially in areas containing detailed small objects. In addition, in qualitative and quantitative experiments, we are able to show that our model, pre-trained on a synthetic stereo dataset, achieves very competitive sub-pixel geometric accuracy on aerial images. These results confirm that the domain gap between synthetic close-range and real aerial images can be satisfactorily bridged using the proposed new deep learning method for dense image matching.
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- 2024
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36. CCKBR+ cancer cells contribute to the intratumor heterogeneity of gastric cancer and confer sensitivity to FOXO inhibition
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Tan, Zhenya, Pan, Ke, Sun, Minqiong, Pan, Xianzhu, Yang, Zhi, Chang, Zhiling, Yang, Xue, Zhu, Jicheng, Zhan, Li, Liu, Yakun, Li, Xiaofei, Lin, Keqiong, Chen, Lin, Mo, Hui, Luo, Wei, Kan, Chen, Duan, Lunxi, and Zheng, Hong
- Abstract
The existence of heterogeneity has plunged cancer treatment into a challenging dilemma. We profiled malignant epithelial cells from 5 gastric adenocarcinoma patients through single-cell sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis, demonstrating the heterogeneity of gastric adenocarcinoma (GA), and identified the CCKBR+ stem cell-like cancer cells associated poorly differentiated and worse prognosis. We further conducted targeted analysis using single-cell transcriptome libraries, including 40 samples, to confirm these screening results. In addition, we revealed that FOXOs are involved in the progression and development of CCKBR+ gastric adenocarcinoma. Inhibited the expression of FOXOs and disrupting cancer cell stemness reduce the CCKBR+ GA organoid formation and impede tumor progression. Mechanically, CUT&Tag sequencing and Lectin pulldown revealed that FOXOs can activate ST3GAL3/4/5 as well as ST6GALNAC6, promoting elevated sialyation levels in CCKBR+ tumor cells. This FOXO-sialyltransferase axis contributes to the maintenance of homeostasis and the growth of CCKBR+ tumor cells. This insight provides novel perspectives for developing targeted therapeutic strategies aimed at the treating CCKBR associated gastric cancer.
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- 2024
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37. Vitamin B-6 Prevents Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction Through Downstream of Kinase 3 in a Mouse Model
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Song, Jia-Wen, Zhang, Zhen-Shan, Chen, Lin, Wang, Qian-Wen, Xu, Jia-Yao, Bai, Wen-Wu, Li, Bin, Wang, Shuang-Xi, and Guo, Tao
- Abstract
There is an urgent need to develop an efficient therapeutic strategy for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), which is mediated by phenotypic changes in cardiac macrophages. We previously reported that vitamin B-6 inhibits macrophage-mediated inflammasome activation.
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- 2024
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38. WaveNets: physics-informed neural networks for full-field recovery of rotational flow beneath large-amplitude periodic water waves
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Chen, Lin, Li, Ben, Luo, Chenyi, and Lei, Xiaoming
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We formulate physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) for full-field reconstruction of rotational flow beneath nonlinear periodic water waves using a small amount of measurement data, coined WaveNets. The WaveNets have two NNs to, respectively, predict the water surface, and velocity/pressure fields. The Euler equation and other prior knowledge of the wave problem are included in WaveNets loss function. We also propose a novel method to dynamically update the sampling points in residual evaluation as the free surface is gradually formed during model training. High-fidelity data sets are obtained using the numerical continuation method which is able to solve nonlinear waves close to the largest height. Model training and validation results in cases of both one-layer and two-layer rotational flows show that WaveNets can reconstruct wave surface and flow field with few data either on the surface or in the flow. Accuracy in vorticity estimate can be improved by adding a redundant physical constraint according to the prior information on the vorticity distribution.
- Published
- 2024
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39. Organic-inorganic fertilization promotes paddy soil macroaggregate organic carbon accumulation associated with key bacterial populations in subtropical China
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ZHAO, Jinhua, CHEN, Lin, ZHOU, Guixiang, LI, Fang, ZHANG, Jiabao, ZHANG, Congzhi, MA, Donghao, and FENG, Biao
- Abstract
Macroaggregate organic carbon (Macro-OC) accumulation in paddy soils is of great significance in promoting multiple agroecosystem services. However, the effects of different fertilization practices on Macro-OC accumulation in paddy soils at the regional scale have not been comprehensively investigated. Here, we conducted long-term fertilization field experiments at four sites, Taoyuan, Wangcheng, Jinxian, and Suzhou, in the subtropical area of China to reveal the effects of inorganic and organic-inorganic (OIF) fertilization on Macro-OC accumulation and its relationships with important microbial traits (the abundance ratio of GH48:cbhIgenes and the richness of keystone bacterial taxa) in paddy soils. The results showed that long-term fertilization (particularly OIF) significantly increased the content of Macro-OC, which mainly consisted of particulate organic carbon (C). Organic-inorganic fertilization decreased the percentage of O-alkyl C but increased the percentages of alkyl, aromatic, and phenolic C. Organic-inorganic fertilization promoted the abundance of the bacterial cellulose-degrading gene GH48retrieved from macroaggregates. The orders Anaerolineales, Bacillales, and Clostridiales were identified as keystone bacterial taxa in macroaggregates and were significantly correlated with the physical fraction and chemical structure of Macro-OC. Structural equation modeling revealed that fertilization-induced changes in soil pH and C:N ratio affected the richness of Anaerolineales, Bacillales, and Clostridiales, which was strongly associated with the increase of percentages of aromatic and phenolic C and further facilitated Macro-OC accumulation. Together, these results suggested that OIF promoted Macro-OC accumulation associated with key bacterial populations in paddy soils. The results provide an important basis for boosting soil C accrual in the subtropical rice-growing areas.
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- 2024
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40. Coherent Phonon Dynamics in Plasmonic Gold Tetrahedral Nanoparticle Ensembles.
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Chandler, Bailey M., Dey, Diptesh, Wang, Yi, Ye, Xingchen, Schatz, George C., Chen, Lin X., and Schaller, Richard D.
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- 2024
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41. Novel Two-Terminal Synapse/Neuron Based on an Antiferroelectric Hafnium Zirconium Oxide Device for Neuromorphic Computing.
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Xu, Kangli, Wang, Tianyu, Lu, Chen, Song, Yifan, Liu, Yongkai, Yu, Jiajie, Liu, Yinchi, Li, Zhenhai, Meng, Jialin, Zhu, Hao, Sun, Qing-Qing, Zhang, David Wei, and Chen, Lin
- Published
- 2024
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42. Does the COVID-19 pandemic exacerbate the disincentive effect of trade tariffs on global value chains (GVCs) embeddedness?
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Chen, Lin and Tan, Jingrong
- Subjects
GLOBAL value chains ,COVID-19 pandemic ,DEVELOPING countries ,INTERNATIONAL trade ,EMBEDDEDNESS (Socioeconomic theory) ,TARIFF - Abstract
This paper investigates the impact of trade tariffs on the global value chains (GVCs) embeddedness across 42 economies during the period 2007-2021. We employ empirical analysis to discern the nuanced effects of trade tariffs on GVCs embeddedness, with a focus on asymmetries between developed and developing countries and variations across industry sectors. Our findings reveal a significant dampening effect of trade tariffs on GVCs embeddedness, particularly pronounced in developing countries and the secondary industry sector. The exacerbating influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on the inhibitory relationship between trade tariffs and GVCs embeddedness is also considered, highlighting intensified effects, especially within developing countries and secondary industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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43. Effects of Structural Constraints on Excited-State Properties in Dimeric Cu(I) Diimine Complexes.
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Helweh, Waleed, Kim, Pyosang, Mast, Zachary J., Phelan, Brian T., Weingartz, Nicholas P., Zong, Ruifa, Chaudhuri, Subhajyoti, Thummel, Randolph P., Schatz, George C., and Chen, Lin X.
- Published
- 2024
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44. Water utilization characteristics of dominant plant species from different functional groups of desert steppe.
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CHEN Xiaoying, CHEN Lin, YANG Xinguo, LI Minlan, YU Dian, SONG Naiping, and CHEN Yinglong
- Abstract
Understanding water use characteristics of plants and their interrelations is essential for achieving sustainable vegetation restoration of desert steppe. This study focused on five dominant plant species inhabiting two habitats : sierozem ( Populus euphratica, Caragana liouana ; and Stipa breviflora) and aeolian sandy soil ( P. euph-ratica' Salix psammophila; and Leymus secalinus). We analyzed S2 H and Sl8O isotopes in xylem; soil water; groundwater; and precipitation. By integrating soil water content and root data at various depths ; we employed the MixSIAR model to quantitatively assess water utilization characteristics. Results revealed that these plants primarily relied on soil water during the growing season, with variations in water uptake depths at different growth stages. In the sierozem habitat, Populus exhibited significant variations in water source throughout the growing season. Early in the growing season (May to June), P. euphratica primarily extracted soil water from depths of 60-100 cm. During the peak growth period (July to August), water source shifted to depths of 100-200 cm, and returned to the depth of 0-20 cm by the end of the season ( September). C. liouana initially utilized soil water at 60-100 cm but shifted to 0-20 cm during and after peak growth. S. breviflora predominantly tapped into soil water at 20-60 cm early and late in the growing season, but shifted to 0-20 cm during peak growth. In the aeolian sandy soil habitat, P. euphratica initially utilized soil water at 60-100 cm but shifted to 0-20 cm during and after peak growth. S. psammophila primarily utilized soil water at 60-100 cm early and during peak growth, shifting to 100-200 cm by the end of the season. L. secalinus mainly relied on soil water at 20-60 cm throughout the growing season. Soil moisture, seasonal precipitation variation, and root distribution influenced vegetation water use patterns. Throughout the growing season, trees, shrubs, and herbs in the sierozem habitat exhibited hydrological niche partitioning, which facilitated their water distribution and utilization. Conversely, dominant plants in the aeolian sandy soil habitat showed hydro-logical niche overlap, which intensified water competition, particularly between trees and shrubs. Therefore, species traits and soil properties should be given full consideration when selecting species combinations for vegetation restoration. Introducing species combinations with complementary water use characteristics is essential for fostering species diversity and sustainable vegetation restoration in desert steppe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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45. Enhancing the Electrochemical Activity of 2D Materials Edges through Oriented Electric Fields.
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Hao Wang, Ding-Rui Chen, You-Chen Lin, Po-Han Lin, Jui-Teng Chang, Muthu, Jeyavelan, Hofmann, Mario, and Ya-Ping Hsieh
- Published
- 2024
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46. Successful Treatment of Small Bowel Phytobezoar Obstruction with Endoscopic Fragmentation Using Single-Balloon Enteroscopy.
- Author
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Yen-Wen Huang, I-Ming Lee, Wei-Chen Lin, Ming-Jen Chen, and Chen-Wang Chang
- Subjects
BEZOARS ,PHYSICAL diagnosis ,BLOOD testing ,LITHOTRIPSY ,COMPUTED tomography ,TREATMENT effectiveness ,ENTEROSCOPY ,MEDICAL balloons ,BOWEL obstructions ,SMALL intestine - Abstract
An 89-year-old male patient with a complex medical history presented with symptoms of postprandial bilious vomiting, abdominal discomfort, and constipation. Diagnostic imaging revealed a potential bezoar obstructing the distal ileum, which led to obstruction. The patient underwent a single-balloon enteroscopy, which successfully fragmented and removed the bezoar, relieving the obstruction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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47. Suppressing the oxygen-ionic conductivity and promoting the phase stability of the high-entropy rare earth niobates via Ta substitution.
- Author
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Gan, Mengdi, Lai, Liping, Wang, Jiankun, Wang, Jun, Chen, Lin, He, Jingjin, Feng, Jing, and Chong, Xiaoyu
- Subjects
THERMAL barrier coatings ,PHASE transitions ,SOLUTION strengthening ,THERMAL conductivity ,IONIC conductivity - Abstract
Improving and optimizing the target properties of ceramics via the high entropy strategy has attracted significant attention. Rare earth niobate is a potential thermal barrier coating (TBCs) material, but its poor high-temperature phase stability limits its further application. In this work, four sets of TBCs high-entropy ceramics, (Sm 1/5 Dy 1/5 Ho 1/5 Er 1/5 Yb 1/5)(Nb 1/2 Ta 1/2)O 4 (5NbTa), (Sm 1/6 Dy 1/6 Ho 1/6 Er 1/6 Yb 1/6 Lu 1/6)(Nb 1/2 Ta 1/2)O 4 (6NbTa), (Sm 1/7 Gd 1/7 Dy 1/7 Ho 1/7 Er 1/7 Yb 1/7 Lu 1/7)(Nb 1/2 Ta 1/2)O 4 (7NbTa), (Sm 1/8 Gd 1/8 Dy 1/8 Ho 1/8 Er 1/8 Tm 1/8 Yb 1/8 Lu 1/8) (Nb 1/2 Ta 1/2)O 4 (8NbTa) are synthesized using a solid-state reaction method at 1650 °C for 6 h. Firstly, the X-ray diffractometer (XRD) patterns display that the samples are all single-phase solid solution structures (space group C 2/ c). Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and the high-temperature XRD of 8NbTa cross-check that the addition of Ta element in 8HERN increases the phase transition temperature above 1400 °C, which can be attributed to that the Ta/Nb co-doping at B site introduces the fluctuation of the bond strength of Ta-O and Nb-O. Secondly, compared to high-entropy rare-earth niobates, the introduction of Ta atoms at B site substantially reduce thermal conductivity (reduced by 44 %, 800 °C) with the seven components high entropy ceramic as an example. The low thermal conductivity means strong phonon scattering, which may originate from the softening acoustic mode and flattened phonon dispersion in 5–8 principal element high entropy rare earth niobium tantalates (5–8NbTa) revealed by the first-principles calculations. Thirdly, the Ta/Nb co-doping in 5–8NbTa systems can further optimize the insulation performance of oxygen ions. The oxygen-ion conductivity of 8NbTa (3.31 × 10
−6 S cm−1 , 900 °C) is about 5 times lower than that of 8HERN (15.8 × 10−6 S cm−1 , 900 °C) because of the sluggish diffusion effect, providing better oxygen barrier capacity in 5–8NbTa systems to inhibit the overgrowth of the thermal growth oxide (TGO) of TBCs. In addition, influenced by lattice distortion and solid solution strengthening, the samples possess higher hardness (7.51–8.15 GPa) and TECs (9.78 × 10−6 K−1 –10.78 × 10−6 K−1 , 1500 °C) than the single rare-earth niobates and tantalates. Based on their excellent overall properties, it is considered that 5–8NbTa can be used as auspicious TBCs. Graphabstract: Suppressing the thermal/ionic conductivity and promoting the high-temperature phase stability of the high-entropy rare earth niobates via Ta substitution. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2025
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48. In-situ scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy on the diverse hydrogen trapping behaviours around incoherent NbC nanoprecipitates.
- Author
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Zhang, Binglu, Ma, Zhaoxiang, Ma, Yuan, Chen, Yongqing, Jiang, Baolong, Jia, Yu, Shi, Rongjian, Chen, Lin, He, Yang, and Qiao, Lijie
- Subjects
KELVIN probe force microscopy ,HYDROGEN embrittlement of metals ,BORDERLANDS - Abstract
• Interaction of H with incoherent NbC precipitates was revealed by in-situ SKPFM. • Interactions of H with the border regions varies amongst different precipitates. • H-trapping behaviors of incoherent NbC precipitates could be intrinsically diverse. • Strains and defects on the border area may be critical to the H-trapping behavior. One of the most intriguing methods of mitigating the hydrogen embrittlement of steels entails nanoprecipitates that can trap H from enriching at vulnerable locations. However, controversial findings have been reported on whether the incoherent NbC precipitates trap hydrogen. Here, by using in-situ scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy (SKPFM), we reveal the dynamic interaction of H with the border area of incoherent NbC nanoprecipitates in steel. Results indicate that the interaction between H flux and the interfaces varies amongst different precipitates, implying that H-trapping behaviours of incoherent NbC precipitates could be intrinsically diverse. Potential origins underlying the distinct behaviours are analyzed. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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49. From Coherence to Function: Exploring the Connection in Chemical Systems
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Rather, Shahnawaz R., Scholes, Gregory D., and Chen, Lin X.
- Abstract
The role of quantum mechanical coherences or coherent superposition states in excited state processes has received considerable attention in the last two decades largely due to advancements in ultrafast laser spectroscopy. These coherence effects hold promise for enhancing the efficiency and robustness of functionally relevant processes, even when confronted with energy disorder and environmental fluctuations. Understanding coherence deeply drives us to unravel mechanisms and dynamics controlled by order and synchronization at a quantum mechanical level, envisioning optical control of coherence to enhance functions or create new ones in molecular and material systems. In this frontier, the interplay between electronic and vibrational dynamics, specifically the influence of vibrations in directing electronic dynamics, has emerged as the leading principle. Here, two energetically disparate quantum degrees of freedom work in-sync to dictate the trajectory of an excited state reaction. Moreover, with the vibrational degree being directly related to the structural composition of molecular or material systems, new molecular designs could be inspired by tailoring certain structural elements.
- Published
- 2024
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50. Novel Two-Terminal Synapse/Neuron Based on an Antiferroelectric Hafnium Zirconium Oxide Device for Neuromorphic Computing
- Author
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Xu, Kangli, Wang, Tianyu, Lu, Chen, Song, Yifan, Liu, Yongkai, Yu, Jiajie, Liu, Yinchi, Li, Zhenhai, Meng, Jialin, Zhu, Hao, Sun, Qing-Qing, Zhang, David Wei, and Chen, Lin
- Abstract
Functionally diverse devices with artificial neuron and synapse properties are critical for neuromorphic systems. We present a two-terminal artificial leaky-integrate-fire (LIF) neuron based on 6 nm Hf0.1Zr0.9O2(HZO) antiferroelectric (AFE) thin films and develop a synaptic device through work function (WF) engineering. LIF neuron characteristics, including integration, firing, and leakage, are achieved in W/HZO/W devices due to the accumulated polarization and spontaneous depolarization of AFE HZO films. By engineering the top electrode with asymmetric WFs, we found that Au/Ti/HZO/W devices exhibit synaptic weight plasticity, such as paired-pulse facilitation and long-term potentiation/depression, achieving >90% accuracy in digit recognition within constructed artificial neural network systems. These findings suggest that AFE HZO capacitor-based neurons and WF-engineered artificial synapses hold promise for constructing efficient spiking neuron networks and artificial neural networks, thereby advancing neuromorphic computing applications based on emerging AFE HZO devices.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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