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Konjac glucomannan(KGM) is used for appetite management. However, KGM’s regulation of appetite through hypothalamic neurons and gut microbiota, particularly in nonobese populations, is required to be investigated. This study investigated the differential effects of KGM on appetite and energy metabolism in obese and nonobese mice. In obese mice, KGM inhibited food intake, hypothalamic inflammation, and increased energy expenditure. Conversely, in nonobese mice, KGM maintained food intake and energy expenditure but increased hypothalamic inflammation. KGM downregulated hypothalamic Agrp, Npy, and Orxexpression and upregulated Cartin obese mice, while it had no effect on orexigenic genes and downregulated Cartin nonobese mice. Additionally, KGM reshaped gut microbiota and increased Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) formation of obese mice, where Alistipes, Bifidobacterium, and Lactobacillus, as well as SCFAs, correlated with suppressed appetite. In nonobese mice, KGM has no significant effect on SCFAs but microbes such as Blautia, Alistipes, and Flavonifractorlevels were negatively correlated with hypothalamic inflammation. KGM maintains appetite and was linked to liver-derived phosphatidylcholine, countering increased hypothalamic inflammation. The differential regulation of appetite by KGM between obese and nonobese mice is associated with hypothalamic inflammatory, neuronal, and KGM-induced personalized reshaping of gut microbiota. KGM may regulate energy intake and expenditure through the microbiota–gut–brain axis.

Green ammonia is a crucial strategy for reducing carbon emissions and promoting sustainable development. However, in industrial applications, the production load of the ammonia synthesis section must be adjusted to accommodate fluctuations in renewable energy generation and hydrogen production. Consequently, the green ammonia synthesis process operates under multiple conditions with varying production loads. The operations of this multimode process introduce new challenges for process safety. Traditional fault diagnosis methods experience significant performance degradation when production conditions change. In new conditions, only a small number of normal samples can be obtained, and no fault samples are available. To address this issue, a novel transfer learning method named DA-CycleGAN is proposed for the multimode green ammonia synthesis process. This method combines a two-dimensional generation model based on CycleGAN (Cycle-Consistent Generative Adversarial Networks) with domain adaptation to enhance model performance in cross-domain tasks. The feasibility of the proposed method was initially validated using the benchmark Tennessee-Eastman process for fault diagnosis. Subsequently, a case study of the green ammonia synthesis process demonstrated that it significantly enhances performance in multimode processes, ensuring process safety and reducing losses for industrial applications.

The functionalization of polyoxometalates with organic ligands provides a new-style strategy to accurately incorporate polyoxometalates with advanced functional organic moieties on their surfaces, the development of which has attracted increasing research interest due to the potential applications. A germanium tungstate Na2(H3O)6[{RuIV(bpy)}2{WO2(C2O4)}2(GeW11O39)2]·27H2O (bpy = 2,2′-bipyridine) with two ligands covalently modified was triumphantly synthesized, using the conventional one-pot hydrothermal method. It was systematically characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), elemental analysis, infrared (IR) spectroscopy, single-crystal X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), powder diffraction (PXRD), scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), and ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) spectroscopy. The two-dimensional (2D) layered structure was established through hydrogen bonding and Na+bridges. Impedance measurements indicate that it displays outstanding proton conduction properties, with a splendid conductivity up to 1.24 × 10–2S·cm–1under 353 K and 90% relative humidity (RH), owing to the rich interlayer hydrogen-bond network formed by the organic ligands ({RuC10H8N2}4+and {WC2O4}4+), hydrated protons (H3O+), and crystal waters.

In this work, LiFe1-xMnxPO4@C (x = 0, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03) cathode materials were obtained by a simple co-precipitation method and heat treatment, and the influence of Mn-doped modification on the electrochemical performance of LiFePO4@C cathode materials was investigated. Results show that by doping an appropriate amount of Mn, the cell volume became larger, and the electronic conductivity increased, which improved the Li+diffusion rate and thus its rate capability and cycle performance of Li-ion batteries. Among them, LiFe0.98Mn0.02PO4@C showed superior lithium storage capability; the discharge capacity can reach 150.7 mAh g−1at 0.1 C. The cell could discharge up to 155.9 mAh g−1at 1 C under high temperature at 45 °C, which was higher than LiFePO4@C (142 mAh g−1) under the same test conditions. The discharge capacity of 1 C at room temperature was 139.9 mAh g−1, and the cycle stability was 95.9% after 200 cycles. It showed that it had good rate capability and excellent cycle performance. These results indicate that Mn-doped LFP is a simple and effective strategy for developing high-performance cathode materials.

P-type self-doping is known to hamper tin-based perovskites for developing high-performance solar cells by increasing the background current density and carrier recombination processes. In this work, we propose a gradient homojunction structure with germanium doping that generates an internal electric field across the perovskite film to deplete the charge carriers. This structure reduces the dark current density of perovskite by over 2 orders of magnitude and trap density by an order of magnitude. The resultant tin-based perovskite solar cells exhibit a higher power conversion efficiency of 13.3% and excellent stability, maintaining 95% and 85% of their initial efficiencies after 250 min of continuous illumination and 3800 h of storage, respectively. We reveal the homojunction formation mechanism using density functional theory calculations and molecular level characterizations. Our work provides a reliable strategy for controlling the spatial energy levels in tin perovskite films and offers insights into designing intriguing lead-free perovskite optoelectronics.

With the excellent properties of POM in the field of proton conductivity, the preparation of POM-based proton-conductive materials has burst into life. Herein, an unprecedented Sb-templated all-inorganic trimer Na8H18.64[(SbW14O52)3(Sb2W6.12Ru5.88O18)]·85H2O (1), which is based on tetravacant Dawson-like [SbW14O52]17–blocks and exhibits a trefoil type with D3symmetry, has been successfully designed and synthesized by the assembly of simple materials with a one-pot hydrothermal method under acidic conditions. Also, compound 1is systematically characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, PXRD, ESI-MS, IR spectroscopy, UV–vis, elemental analysis, and TGA. Crystal structure data analysis demonstrates that compound 1is constructed by a hexagonal prismatic heterometallic {Sb2W6.12Ru5.88O18} core and three equivalent {SbW14} units bridged through μ2-O atoms in periphery. Subsequently, further property experiments show that compound 1exhibits high proton conductivity with a conductivity value (σ) of 3.07 × 10–2S cm–1at 75 °C and 80% relative humidity (RH). The activation energy of compound 1evaluated by the Arrhenius plots is 0.22 eV, which indicates that the Grotthuss mechanism is dominant during the process of proton transfer.

Interfacial solar vapor generation holds great promise for alleviating the global freshwater crisis, but its real-world application is limited by the efficiently choppy water evaporation and industrial production capability. Herein, a self-floating solar evaporator with an underwater aerophilic surface is innovatively fabricated by weaving core–shell yarns via mature weaving techniques. The core–shell yarns possess capillary water channels in the hydrophilic cotton core and can trap air in the hydrophobic electrospinning nanofiber shell when submerged underwater, simultaneously realizing controllable water supplies, stable self-flotation, and great thermal insulation. Consequently, the self-floating solar evaporator achieves an evaporation rate of 2.26 kg m–2h–1under 1 sun irradiation, with a reduced heat conduction of 70.18 W m–2. Additionally, for the first time, a solar evaporator can operate continuously in water with varying waveforms and intensities over 24 h, exhibiting an outdoor cumulative evaporation rate of 14.17 kg m–2day–1.

Nonlinear errors, caused by the gamma effect, are very common in a certain fringe projection system. Therefore, we propose a general self-correction algorithm to address this problem even in severe cases. First, the Nelder-Mead algorithm is employed to detect the system gamma value by optimizing a probability-density-function (pdf) related objective function. Second, a look-up table (LUT) will be generated in situ based on the detected result to perform compensation. This real-time generative LUT (RG-LUT) allows for a self-correction process because there are no precalibration or inverse function procedures. The Nelder-Mead algorithm not only reduces computational time initially but also expedites the search process again when the gamma value varies over time. Moreover, the processing can be further accelerated by a pregenerative strategy for the LUT sequence. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed self-correction algorithm can improve the accuracy by a factor of 9 under severe nonlinear errors.

Nitrogen (N) and phosphorous (P) fertilizer management is an effective approach to improve grasslands and feed quality following grassland degradation; however, it is still unclear how N and P fertilizer management affects soil nematodes and how this leads to changes in vegetation production. This study investigated the responses of vegetation and soil nematode communities to a 9-year fertilization (N and P) experiment in an alpine grassland in the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau, China. The results indicated that N fertilizer significantly increased the abundance of plant parasites, whereas P fertilizer had a notably positive effect on fungivorous nematodes compared to nitrogen fertilization. The abundance of fungivorous nematodes increased following P fertilization, but the increase was not statistically significant. N fertilizer significantly reduced bacterivorous carbon biomass and the metabolic footprint of bacterivorous nematodes, while the suppressive effect of P fertilizer and N + P fertilizer on the carbon flux of bacterial channels was significantly greater than that of N fertilization alone. The functional metabolic footprints of N and P fertilizers were significantly lower than those of the unfertilized plot (CK). N fertilizer is detrimental to the increase in vegetation production following grazing prohibition, as it is mediated by the increase of plant parasite nematodes. P fertilizer, by influencing the abundance of bacterivorous and fungivorous nematodes, benefits the production of grassland ecosystems. This is because P fertilizer inhibits carbon from entering the soil food web, thereby maintaining the carbon content in above-ground biomass. Therefore, a certain level of P addition positively contributes to the recovery of above-ground productivity.

Text-based person search aims to retrieve corresponding images of person from a large gallery based on text descriptions. Existing methods strive to bridge the modality gap between images and texts and have made promising progress. However, these approaches disregard the knowledge imbalance between images and texts caused by the reporting bias. To resolve this issue, we present a cross-modal feature fusion-based knowledge transfer network to balance identity information between images and texts. First, we design an identity information emphasis module to enhance person-relevant information and suppress person-irrelevant information. Second, we design an intermediate modal-guided knowledge transfer module to balance the knowledge between images and texts. Experimental results on CUHK-PEDES, ICFG-PEDE, and RSTPReid datasets demonstrate that our method achieves state-of-the-art performance.

Mortalin (encoded by HSPA9) is a mitochondrial chaperone often overexpressed in cancer through as-yet-unknown mechanisms. By searching different RNA-sequencing datasets, we found that ESRRAis a transcription factor highly correlated with HSPA9in thyroid cancer, especially in follicular, but not C cell-originated, tumors. Consistent with this correlation, ESRRA depletion decreased mortalin expression only in follicular thyroid tumor cells. Further, ESRRA expression and activity were relatively high in thyroid tumors with oncocytic characteristics, wherein ESRRA and mortalin exhibited relatively high functional overlap. Mechanistically, ESRRA directly regulated HSPA9transcription through a novel ESRRA-responsive element located upstream of the HSPA9promoter. Physiologically, ESRRA depletion suppressed thyroid tumor cell survival via caspase-dependent apoptosis, which ectopic mortalin expression substantially abrogated. ESRRA depletion also effectively suppressed tumor growth and mortalin expression in the xenografts of oncocytic or ESRRA-overexpressing human thyroid tumor cells in mice. Notably, our Bioinformatics analyses of patient data revealed two ESRRA target gene clusters that contrast oncocytic-like and anaplastic features of follicular thyroid tumors. These findings suggest that ESRRA is a tumor-specific regulator of mortalin expression, the ESRRA-mortalin axis has higher significance in tumors with oncocytic characteristics, and ESRRA target gene networks can refine molecular classification of thyroid cancer.

The limited characterization and detection capacity of unknown compounds hinder our understanding of the molecular composition of toxic compounds in PM2.5. The present study applied Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry coupled with negative and positive electrospray ionization sources (ESI–/ESI+FT-ICR-MS) to probe the molecular characteristics and dynamic formation processes of the effective proinflammatory components in organic aerosols (OAs) of PM2.5in Guangzhou for one year. We detected abundant proinflammatory molecules in OAs, mainly classified as CHON compounds (compounds composed of C, H, O, and N atoms) in elemental and nitroaromatic compounds (NACs) in structures. From the perspective of the formation process, we discovered that these proinflammatory molecules, especially toxic NACs, were largely driven by secondary nitrate formation and biomass burning (in emission source), as well as SO2(in atmospheric evolution). In addition, our results indicated that the secondary processes had replaced the primary emission as the main contributing source of the toxic proinflammatory compounds in OAs. This study highlights the importance of community measures to control the production of nitroaromatic compounds derived from secondary nitrate formation and biomass burning in urban areas.

Perovskite solar cells with the formula FA1−xCsxPbI3, where FA is formamidinium, provide an attractive option for integrating high efficiency, durable stability and compatibility with scaled-up fabrication. Despite the incorporation of Cs cations, which could potentially enable a perfect perovskite lattice1,2, the compositional inhomogeneity caused by A-site cation segregation is likely to be detrimental to the photovoltaic performance of the solar cells3,4. Here we visualized the out-of-plane compositional inhomogeneity along the vertical direction across perovskite films and identified the underlying reasons for the inhomogeneity and its potential impact for devices. We devised a strategy using 1-(phenylsulfonyl)pyrrole to homogenize the distribution of cation composition in perovskite films. The resultant p–i–n devices yielded a certified steady-state photon-to-electron conversion efficiency of 25.2% and durable stability.

Global warming has increasingly detrimental impacts on the structure and function of the Tibetan Plateau ecosystem. However, the mechanism by which warming affects the biogeochemical processes, and consequently the microbial nutrient limitation in soil aggregates, is not clear. In this study, we implemented a 21-year long-term open-top-chamber (OTCs) warming experiment to reveal the warming effects on the soil aggregate microbial nutrient limitation mechanisms in a Tibetan alpine meadow and shrubland. Long-term warming significantly decreased soil aggregate-associated organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (TN) concentrations in alpine meadows, but promoted soil carbon pool in alpine shrublands. SOC and TN concentrations in microaggregate (MIGA: < 0.25 mm) showed the greatest in alpine meadows. Soil enzyme activities increased with the decrease in aggregate size, and enzyme stoichiometry results demonstrated that soil microbes in alpine meadows and shrubland were limited by phosphorus (P); moreover, the long-term warming significantly aggravated the soil aggregate microbial P limitation in the shrubland. Meanwhile, the long-term warming had no significant effect on microbial C limitation in the alpine meadow and shrubland, but soil aggregate size mediated the microbial C limitation patterns and showed the greatest C limitation in MIGA. Phosphorus limitation is likely to be an important constraint to the development of alpine ecosystems in future climate warming, and the protection of MIGA is one of the important mechanisms for carbon pool sequestration.

Converting solar energy into storable hydrogen energy by employing green photocatalytic technology offers a reliable alternative for meeting the energy crisis. The polyoxometalates are a promising candidate for hydrogen production photocatalysts because of their unique electronic and structural properties and controllable design at the molecular level. Introducing noble metals was proven to be an effective method to greatly enhance the photocatalytic efficiency of polyoxometalates. Herein, two unprecedented compounds of hexameric Ru-POMs, Na4H10[As2RuIV2W11O18(OH)4(H2O)6{AsW8RuIVO31(OH)Cl}2(B-β-AsW9O33)4]·93H2O (1) and Na2H19[AsRuIII2W11O20(OH)2(H2O)6(RuIIICl3)(B-β-AsW9O33)6]·90H2O (2), were successfully self-assembled. The H2evolution rates of 1and 2under optimal conditions were 3578.75 and 3027.69 μmol h–1g–1with TONs of 255 and 205, respectively. The stability of 1was demonstrated by a series of characterizations. Besides, a possible photocatalytic mechanism was proposed.

Energy storage technology based on phase change materials (PCM) can effectively solve the problem of poor energy utilization. However, PCM suffer from problems such as low thermal conductivity and easy leakage, which seriously hinder their application in fields such as thermal energy storage. To solve the above issues, this research prepared a series of novel composite PCM by immersing polyethylene glycol (PEG) into MXene-wrapped wood-based porous carbon support materials through a simple vacuum impregnation method. Specially, the balsa wood-derived porous carbon has excellent skeletal structure and hydrophilicity under 1000 °C carbonization temperature and delignification treatment. Further, the effect of MXene content on the properties of the composite PCM was systematically investigated. It was shown that the composite PCM (PDM-20) made within 20 mg/mL MXene dispersion had the best overall performance, with a significant increase in thermal conductivity up to 0.69 W m−1 K−1, the enthalpy efficiency and relative enthalpy efficiency values of 96.8 %/103.0 %, respectively, while the photo-thermal conversion efficiency reaching 90.1 %, which was much higher than that of the unmodified composite PCM. In addition, PDM-20 provided a remarkable delayed effect on the heating and cooling of electronic components. Therefore, PDM-20 prepared in this study has broad application prospects in heat storage, solar thermal absorption and heat management of electronic devices. Meanwhile, it also offers a new idea for the development and fabrication of green and environmentally friendly composite PCM.

In this study, we present a novel, efficient method for the oxidative amination of sulfenamides using diacetoxyiodobenzene (PhI(OAc)2) and amines under basic conditions. This innovative technique streamlines the synthesis of sulfinamidines under mild, metal-free conditions, achieving outstanding yields of up to 99%. Furthermore, we propose possible pathways that elucidate the observed molecular sequence of events in this reaction. This cutting-edge approach not only advances the synthesis of valuable sulfinamidine compounds but also expands the synthetic toolbox available to chemists, paving the way for future discoveries in organic synthesis and potential applications in medicinal chemistry.

Metal-halide perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) have attracted great interest because of their tunable emission wavelength, narrow emission bandwidth and high external quantum efficiency. However, PeLEDs face two critical issues that limit their potential applications: short device lifetime due to ion migration and low brightness due to severe Auger recombination. Here we demonstrate that both issues can be mitigated by in situ solution-grown perovskite single crystals (SCs). By minimizing the trap density using mixed cations and adding excess ammonium halides and polyvidone to the precursor, the external photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of the SCs is enhanced to 28.3%, corresponding to an internal PLQY of 89.4%. Benefitting from the suppressed Auger recombination in SCs, SC-PeLEDs with a thickness of 1.5 µm exhibit a high luminance of 86,000 cd m−2and a peak external quantum efficiency of 11.2%. Thanks to suppressed ion migration, the extrapolated T50lifetime for SC-PeLEDs reaches a value of 12,500 h at an initial luminance of 100 cd m−2. Our results show that SC growth represents a viable route to increase the lifetime of PeLEDs for practical applications.

A synchronous crystal- and microstructure-dependent strategy was implemented to synthesize the organic hybrid antimoniotungstate layered ionic crystal Na5.5H6.5[(SbW9O33)2{WO2(OH)}2{WO2}RuC7H3NO4]·36H2O, and the layered structure was constructed through the Na+bridged sheet and the hydrogen-bonded layers. It displayed an effective proton conductivity of 2.97 × 10–2S cm–1at 348 K and 75% RH, owing to the complete interlayer confined hydrogen-bond network formed by the hydrogens of interlayer crystal waters, organic ligands ({RuC7H3NO4}2+, {C7H3NO4} is formed by the hydrolysis of pyridine 2,5-dicarboxylic acid (C7H5NO4)), and acidic protons (H+), along with the interlayer domain as a transport channel. Furthermore, the hydrogen-bond network originating from interlayer organic ligands and acidic protons was more stable at a higher temperature of 423 K, preserving a high conductivity of 1.99 × 10–2S cm–1.

This paper studies the corrosion fatigue crack growth (CFCG) in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution of the local zones of A7N01S−T5 aluminum alloy metal inert gas (MIG) welded joints cut from high−speed train underframes after service lives of 1.8 million km. The results show that the base metal (BM) region exhibits the highest rate of CFCG compared to both the heat−affected zone (HAZ) and the weld metal (WM) zone. Crack features suggest that the corrosion fatigue failure mode of the BM is hydrogen−assisted propagation and that the failure mode for both the HAZ and WM is anodic dissolution. We calculate that the multi−site adsorption and substitution of Cl−on the surface of the passivation film can make the oxygen and aluminum atoms detach from the surface of the passivation film, causing its destruction and allowing the cracks to expand further. Hydrogen is more likely to accumulate and diffuse along the grain boundaries, reducing their strength and causing them to become the most likely orientation for crack propagation. This study provides the new insight into the specific CFCG mechanisms of each zone in aluminum alloy welded joints.

6-Thioguanine (6-TG) is a purine analog anticancer drug used to treat childhood acute leukemia and inflammatory bowel disease; however, the over-dosage use of 6-TG can cause serious adverse effects. Therefore, monitoring the free 6-TG concentration in the human body is critical during drug therapy. In this work, a highly sensitive and rapid fluorescent nanoprobe based on Cu/Ag nanoclusters (NCs) for the detection of 6-TG was developed. The maximum emission wavelength of Cu/Ag NCs was observed at 563 nm with an excitation wavelength of 330 nm. A selective fluorescence quenching effect of 6-TG on the Cu/Ag NCs was found. Under optimum conditions for the determination of 6-TG, a wide linear concentration range from 2.5 to 100 μmol L−1was observed with a limit of detection (LOD) of 1.57 μmol L−1. The characteristics of simple operation, high sensitivity and selectivity make this fluorescent nanoprobe a promising candidate for the detection of 6-TG in biological samples, as demonstrated by the application in spiked human serum with recoveries of 97.6 to 104.8%. In general, this proposed method has good potential for the detection of 6-TG in biological samples.

Targeted therapy attempts are needed to enhance esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients’ overall survival and satisfaction of life. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2), as a high-confidence cancer driver gene, controls the antioxidant response, metabolic balance and redox homeostasis in cancer and is regarded as a potent molecular target for cancer treatment. Here, we attempted to find a new NRF2 inhibitor and study the underlying molecular mechanism in ESCC. We found that up-regulated NRF2 protein was negatively correlated with patient prognosis and promoted tumor proliferation in ESCC. Moreover, Pizotifen malate (PZM), a FDA-approved medication, bound to the Neh1 domain of NRF2 and prevented NRF2 protein binding to the ARE motif of target genes, suppressing transcription activity of NRF2. PZM treatment suppressed tumor development in ESCC PDX model by inducing ferroptosis via down-regulating the transcription of GPX4, GCLC, ME1 and G6PD. Our study illustrates that the over expression of NRF2 indicates poor prognosis and promotes tumor proliferation in ESCC. PZM, as a novel NRF2 inhibitor, inhibits the tumor growth by inducing ferroptosis and elucidates a potent NRF2-based therapy strategy for patients with ESCC.

Recently, pseudolabel-based deep learning methods have shown excellent performance in semi-supervised hyperspectral image (HSI) classification. These methods usually select high-confidence unlabeled samples to help optimize backbone classification networks. However, a large number of remaining low-confidence unlabeled samples, which contain rich land-covers information, are underused. In this article, we propose a pseudolabel-based unreliable sample learning (PUSL) method to fully exploit low-confidence unlabeled samples for semi-supervised HSI classification. First, to avoid overfitting the spatial distribution of labeled samples, we build a position-free transformer (PFT) as the backbone classification network. Second, PFT is initially trained with labeled samples in a supervised learning manner to obtain an initial classifier, which is then used to split unlabeled samples into reliable and unreliable unlabeled samples based on the predicted confidence. Third, reliable unlabeled samples participate in training along with labeled samples. Finally, unreliable unlabeled samples are treated as negative samples for the corresponding categories to improve the discrimination of PFT in a contrastive learning paradigm. Extensive experiments on three HSI datasets demonstrate that PUSL outperforms the compared methods.

In the field of thermal energy storage, organic phase change materials (PCMs) are widely used as functional materials to boost thermal applications. However, there is often a tradeoff between constructing shape-stable composite PCMs with high enthalpy value and those with low leakage rates. Here, we proposed a promising scheme to address this issue. A novel hydrogel consisting of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and covalent organic framework (COF) was prepared via hydrothermal methods, and the rGO–COF ultralight aerogel with a hierarchical porous structure was formed after freeze-drying. The rGO–COF aerogel shows excellent absorption ability and affinity for organic solvents. It can sufficiently adsorb the molten organic PCMs, such as polyethylene glycol (PEG), and synthesize shape-stable composite PCMs with excellent leak resistance. The COF grown on the surface of rGO has a superior affinity for PEG, so rGO–COF aerogel shows an outstanding PEG loading rate of up to 96.1 wt %, which is 1.7 wt % higher than that of rGO aerogel. In addition, the COF effectively reduces the subcooling of PEG/rGO–COF with 20.3%, compared to PEG/rGO. Meanwhile, the prepared PEG/rGO–COF exhibits extremely high enthalpy and relative enthalpy efficiency (164.6 J/g, 97.4%). This demonstrates that a promising direction was highlighte for the preparation of high-enthalpy shape-stable composite organic PCMs in this work.

This study explores a non-kinase effect of extracellular regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) on the interaction between deoxyhypusine synthase (DHPS) and its substrate, eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A (eIF5A). We report that Raf/MEK/ERK activation decreases the DHPS-ERK1/2 interaction while increasing DHPS-eIF5A association in cells. We determined the cryoelectron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure of the DHPS-ERK2 complex at 3.5 Å to show that ERK2 hinders substrate entrance to the DHPS active site, subsequently inhibiting deoxyhypusination in vitro. In cells, impairing the ERK2 activation loop, but not the catalytic site, prolongs the DHPS-ERK2 interaction irrespective of Raf/MEK signaling. The ERK2 Ser-Pro-Ser motif, but not the common docking or F-site recognition sites, also regulates this complex. These data suggest that ERK1/2 dynamically regulate the DHPS-eIF5A interaction in response to Raf/MEK activity, regardless of its kinase function. In contrast, ERK1/2 kinase activity is necessary to regulate the expression of DHPS and eIF5A. These findings highlight an ERK1/2-mediated dual kinase-dependent and -independent regulation of deoxyhypusination.