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We present prenatal diagnosis of mosaic trisomy 21 at amniocentesis associated with unbalanced Robertsonian translocation in the fetus and a favorable fetal outcome.

We present low-level mosaic trisomy 21 at amniocentesis and cordocentesis in a pregnancy associated with a favorable fetal outcome and perinatal progressive decrease of the trisomy 21 cell line.

We present prenatal diagnosis of Jacobsen syndrome associated with a distal 11q deletion and a distal 8q duplication by chromosome microarray analysis (CMA) in a fetus with multiple congenital anomalies on fetal ultrasound.

We present application of chromosome microarray analysis (CMA) in the detection of chromosome 5q interstitial deletion of 5q14.3-q31.1 in a second-trimester fetus with multiple congenital anomalies on fetal ultrasound.

We present first-trimester application of expanded non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) in the genetic investigation of fetal 1p36 deletion syndrome associated with a familial unbalanced reciprocal translocation of 46,XX,der(1)t(1;2) (p36.2;q37.3)dmat.

We present prenatal diagnosis of a 14-Mb 11p11.2-p13 deletion by chromosome microarray analysis (CMA) in a pregnancy with fetal recombinant chromosome 11 syndrome of rec(11)del(11) (p11.2p13)ins(11) (q21p11.2p13) and maternal intrachromosomal insertion of ins(11) (q21p11.2p13).

Objectives: Photoangiolytic lasers have yielded significant innovation in laryngeal surgery in the last 25 years. After the discontinuation of the potassium titanyl phosphate (KTP) laser, a novel 445-nm blue laser was developed. The optimal balance between a laser’s desired tissue effects and collateral tissue damage is a major determinant of laser selection in microlaryngeal surgery. The shell-less incubation system for the chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) simulates the microvasculature of the human vocal fold and is useful for testing effects of laser settings and in simulated surgery. The aim of this study is to compare the tissue effects of the KTP and blue lasers using the shell-less CAM model.Methods: The shell-less incubation system contains: polymethylpentene film (used as a culture vessel), calcium lactate and distilled water supplementations. By using this system, the chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) can be fully exposed with a good field for surgery simulation. The effects of the 2 lasers (532 nm KTP and 445 nm blue) were quantified at clinically relevant energy settings and laser distances from target. Measures included imaging real-time vascular reactions in the CAM model, post-procedure histologic analysis of CAM tissue and temperature changes.Results: Vessel coagulation and rupture rates were less common with the blue laser compared with the KTP laser. Histologic analysis demonstrated less tissue disruption with the blue laser. Temperature changes were less with the blue laser.Conclusion: In this CAM model with specific conditions, the blue laser reveals less tissue damage than the KTP laser. Suitable working distance and power setting of the laser are necessary for desired tissue effects. Level of Evidence:Level 3.

We fabricated three-dimensional (3D)-printed polycaprolactone (PCL) and PCL/graphene oxide (GO) (PGO) scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. An anti-inflammatory and pro-osteogenesis drug dexamethasone (DEX) was adsorbed onto GO and a 3D-printed PGO/DEX (PGOD) scaffold successfully improved drug delivery with a sustained release of DEX from the scaffold up to 1 month. The physicochemical properties of the PCL, PGO, and PGOD scaffolds were characterized by various analytical techniques. The biological response of these scaffolds was studied for adherence, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation of seeded rabbit adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) from DNA assays, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) production, calcium quantification, osteogenic gene expression, and immunofluorescence staining of osteogenic marker proteins. The PGOD scaffold was demonstrated to be the best scaffold for maintaining cell viability, cell proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation of ASCs in vitro. In vivo biocompatibility of PGOD was confirmed from subcutaneous implantation in nude mice where ASC-seeded PGOD can form ectopic bones, demonstrated by microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) analysis and immunofluorescence staining. Furthermore, implantation of PGOD/ASCs constructs into critical-sized cranial bone defects in rabbits form tissue-engineered bones at the defect site, observed using micro-CT and histological analysis.

Integrating structural colors and conductivity into aqueous inks has the potential to revolutionize wearable electronics, providing flexibility, sustainability, and artistic appeal to electronic components. This study aims to introduce bioinspired color engineering to conductive aqueous inks. Our self-assembly approach involves mixing poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) with sulfonic acid-modified polystyrene (sPS) colloids to generate non-iridescent structural colors in the inks. This spontaneous structural coloration occurs because PEDOT:PSS and sPS colloids can self-assemble into core–shell structures and reversibly cluster into photonic aggregates of maximally random jammed packing within the aqueous environment, as demonstrated by small-angle X-ray scattering. Dissipative particle dynamics simulation confirms that the self-assembly aggregation of PEDOT:PSS chains and sPS colloids can be manipulated by the polymer–colloid interactions. Utilizing the finite-difference time-domain method, we demonstrate that the photonic aggregates of the core–shell colloids achieve close to maximum jammed packing, making them suitable for producing vivid structural colors. These versatile conductive inks offer adjustable color saturation and conductivity, with conductivity levels reaching 36 S cm–1through the addition of polyethylene glycol oligomer, while enhanced water resistance and mechanical stability are achieved by doping with a cross-linker, poly(ethylene glycol) diglycidyl ether. With these unique features, the inks can create flexible, patterned circuits through processes like coating, writing, and dyeing on large areas, providing eco-friendly, visually appealing colors for customizable, stylish, comfortable, and wearable electronic devices.

The Narasaka–Heck reaction is one of the most straightforward methods for constructing pyrroline derivatives. Herein, we report a novel nickel-catalyzed three-component carbonylation reaction, which cleverly realizes the continuous construction of C(sp3)–N bonds and C(sp3)–C(sp2) bonds and effectively promotes the synthesis of acyl-substituted pyrroline derivatives. Furthermore, this strategy not only expands the conversion pathway of γ,δ-unsaturated oxime esters but also provides a new method for the synthesis of nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds.

Reverse electron transfer (RET), an abnormal backward flow of electrons from complexes III/IV to II/I of mitochondria, causes the overproduction of a reduced-type CoQ to boost downstream production of mitochondrial superoxide anions that leads to ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) to organs. Herein, we studied low-coordinated gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) with abundant oxygen-binding sites to form an electron-demanding trapper that allowed rapid capture of electrons to compensate for the CoQ/CoQH2imbalance during RET. The AuNCs were composed of only eight gold atoms that formed a Cs-symmetrical configuration with all gold atoms exposed on the edge site. The geometry and atomic configuration enhance oxygen intercalation to attain a d-band electron deficiency in frontier orbitals, forming an unusually high oxidation state for rapid mitochondrial reverse electron capture under a transient imbalance of CoQ/CoQH2redox cycles. Using hepatic IRI cells/animals, we corroborated that the CoQ-like AuNCs prevent inflammation and liver damage from IRI via recovery of the mitochondrial function.

Due to decarbonization issues, there is growing concern about greenhouse gases, especially carbon dioxide (CO2). Gas hydrate research is a potential solution to energy needs and CO2storage tasks. Naturally occurring methane hydrates provide natural gas availability, while CO2hydrates are also receiving widespread attention for carbon capture, storage, and pipeline flow assurance. This study measured the thermodynamic equilibrium temperatures and pressures at the dissociation points for CO2hydrate mixtures containing various additives. These results provide fundamental data on the thermodynamic phase boundaries of CO2hydrate mixtures where three phases of hydrate (H), liquid water (Lw), and vapor (V) coexisted. The equilibrium conditions for CO2with pure water and various additives including 2-methoxyethyl ether (0.20 and 0.30 mass fractions), 1,1,3,3-tetramethylguanidine (0.20 and 0.30 mass fractions), 4-methylmorpholine (0.10 and 0.20 mass fractions), 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (0.10, 0.20, and 0.30 mass fractions), urea (0.10, 0.20, and 0.30 mass fractions), and 1,3-cyclohexanebis(methylamine) (0.10 and 0.20 mass fractions) were experimentally measured in the pressure range of 1.54–3.58 MPa using the isochoric and temperature cycling method. These additives all had an inhibition effect on the formation of CO2hydrates, and the maximum average inhibition effect of each additive on the equilibrium temperature ranged from 5 to 11 K. To simulate seawater conditions, equilibrium conditions for CO2hydrate mixtures with three of these additives are also reported. The Clausius–Clapeyron equation was used to estimate possible hydrate structures. The results show that the CO2hydrate mixtures exhibited possible sI structures after adding each additive in this study.

CircRNA has been shown to be involved in the occurrence of many diseases. Several computational frameworks have been proposed to identify circRNA-disease associations. Despite the existing computational methods have obtained considerable successes, these methods still require to be improved as their performance may degrade due to the sparsity of the data and the problem of memory overflow. We develop a novel computational framework called LGCDA to predict circRNA-disease associations by fusing local and global features to solve the above mentioned problems. First, we construct closed local subgraphs by using k-hop closed subgraph and label the subgraphs to obtain rich graph pattern information. Then, the local features are extracted by using graph neural network (GNN). In addition, we fuse Gaussian interaction profile (GIP) kernel and cosine similarity to obtain global features. Finally, the score of circRNA-disease associations is predicted by using the multilayer perceptron (MLP) based on local and global features. We perform five-fold cross validation on five datasets for model evaluation and our model surpasses other advanced methods.

Multivariate time-series anomaly detection is critically important in many applications, including retail, transportation, power grid, and water treatment plants. Existing approaches for this problem mostly employ either statistical models which cannot capture the nonlinear relations well or conventional deep learning (DL) models [e.g., convolutional neural network (CNN) and long short-term memory (LSTM)] that do not explicitly learn the pairwise correlations among variables. To overcome these limitations, we propose a novel method, correlation-aware spatial–temporal graph learning (termed CST-GL), for time-series anomaly detection. CST-GL explicitly captures the pairwise correlations via a multivariate time series correlation learning (MTCL) module based on which a spatial–temporal graph neural network (STGNN) can be developed. Then, by employing a graph convolution network (GCN) that exploits one- and multihop neighbor information, our STGNN component can encode rich spatial information from complex pairwise dependencies between variables. With a temporal module that consists of dilated convolutional functions, the STGNN can further capture long-range dependence over time. A novel anomaly scoring component is further integrated into CST-GL to estimate the degree of an anomaly in a purely unsupervised manner. Experimental results demonstrate that CST-GL can detect and diagnose anomalies effectively in general settings as well as enable early detection across different time delays. Our code is available at https://github.com/huankoh/CST-GL.

We present low-level mosaic trisomy 14 at amniocentesis.

We present mosaic distal 13q duplication due to mosaic unbalanced translocation 46,XY,der(14)t(13;14)(q32.2;p13)/46,XY at amniocentesis in a pregnancy associated with a favorable fetal outcome.

Genetic counseling of mosaicism for balanced translocation with a normal cell line at amniocentesis is not difficult because most of the reported cases have normal phenotypes. However, genetic counseling of mosaicism for unbalanced translocation with a normal cell line at amniocentesis remains difficult because cases with mosaic unbalanced translocation with a normal cell line at prenatal diagnosis have been reported to be associated with either normal or abnormal phenotype. This article makes a comprehensive review of the reported cases of de novoor familial mosaic unbalanced translocation with a normal cell line and various counseling issues such as meiotic event, post-zygotic mitotic event, culture artefact, chimerism, uniparental disomy (UPD), jumping translocation, cytogenetic discrepancy between cultured and uncultured amniocytes and among various tissues, perinatal progressive decrease of the unbalanced translocation cell line and a possible favorable fetal outcome. The information provided is useful for obstetricians and genetic counselors during genetic counseling of the parents who wish to keep the babies under such a circumstance.

Genetic counseling of mosaic and non-mosaic tetrasomy 9p remains difficult because of the possible associated congenital abnormalities, cytogenetic discrepancy in various tissues, true-positive and false-positive diagnosis in non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT), uniparental disomy (UPD) 9, tissue-limited mosaicism, perinatal progressive decrease of the aneuploid cell line, phenotypic normal carriers and possible favorable fetal outcome in the cases with mosaic tetrasomy 9p at amniocentesis. This article presents a comprehensive review of various counseling issues concerning mosaic and non-mosaic tetrasomy 9p at prenatal diagnosis, and the information provided is very useful for genetic counseling under such circumstances.

Genetic counseling of mosaicism for a deletion due to partial monosomy in a cell line with 46 chromosomes associated with a normal cell line at amniocentesis remains difficult because mosaic deletion due to partial monosomy has been reported to be associated with either normal or abnormal phenotype in prenatal diagnosis. This article makes a comprehensive review of the reported cases of mosaicism for a deletion due to partial monosomy in a cell line with 46 chromosomes associated with a normal cell line at amniocentesis and various counseling issues such as culture artefact, cytogenetic discrepancy between cultured and uncultured amniocytes and among various tissues, perinatal progressive decrease of the abnormal cell line and a possible favorable fetal outcome. The information provided is useful for obstetricians and genetic counselors during genetic counseling of the parents who wish to keep the babies under such a circumstance.

Genetic counseling of mosaicism for a duplication due to partial trisomy in a cell line with 46 chromosomes associated with a normal cell line at amniocentesis remains difficult because mosaic duplication due to partial trisomy has been reported to be associated with either normal or abnormal phenotype in prenatal diagnosis. This article makes a comprehensive review of the reported cases of mosaicism for a duplication due to partial trisomy in a cell line with 46 chromosomes associated with a normal cell line at amniocentesis and various counseling issues such as culture artefact, cytogenetic discrepancy between cultured and uncultured amniocytes and among various tissues, perinatal progressive decrease of the abnormal cell line and a possible favorable fetal outcome. The information provided is useful for obstetricians and genetic counselors during genetic counseling of the parents who wish to keep the babies under such a circumstance.

Rice is a major dietary source of the toxic metal cadmium (Cd). Concentration of Cd in rice grain varies widely at the regional scale, and it is challenging to predict grain Cd concentration using soil properties. The lack of reliable predictive models hampers management of contaminated soils. Here, we conducted a three-year survey of 601 pairs of soil and rice samples at a regional scale. Approximately 78.3% of the soil samples exceeded the soil screening values for Cd in China, and 53.9% of rice grain samples exceeded the Chinese maximum permissible limit for Cd. Predictive models were developed using multiple linear regression and machine learning methods. The correlations between rice grain Cd and soil total Cd concentrations were poor (R2< 0.17). Both linear regression and machine learning methods identified four key factors that significantly affect grain Cd concentrations, including Fe-Mn oxide bound Cd, soil pH, field soil moisture content, and the concentration of soil reducible Mn. The machine learning-based support vector machine model showed the best performance (R2= 0.87) in predicting grain Cd concentrations at a regional scale, followed by machine learning-based random forest model (R2= 0.67), and back propagation neural network model (R2= 0.64). Scenario simulations revealed that liming soil to a target pH of 6.5 could be one of the most cost-effective approaches to reduce the exceedance of Cd in rice grain. Taken together, these results show that machine learning methods can be used to predict Cd concentration in rice grain reliably at a regional scale and to support soil management and safe rice production.

•The 300 nm all-dielectric germanium metasurface that nanohole remains 75 nm thick.•The all-dielectric absorber has a high absorptance of 98.5 % without a metal back reflector.•Utilizes high-Q quasi-BIC resonant mode near the SP- BIC with the super radiant mode.•The symmetry and asymmetric cases are analyzed using the FDTD and TCMT methods.

AbstractHere, we present a retrospective study on honey bee brood diseases in the USA. The Bee Disease Diagnostic Laboratory (BDDL) in the USDA-ARS Beltsville Bee Research Laboratory received a total of 4790 brood samples between 2015 and 2022 from U.S. State Apiary Inspectors and beekeepers. Samples from 49 states were analyzed by microscopy for the presence and prevalence of two bacteria, Melissococcus plutoniusand Paenibacillus larvae, causing European foulbrood (EFB) and American foulbrood (AFB) diseases, respectively. Samples that tested positive for AFB were cultured and subjected to antibiotic susceptibility tests viathe agar disc diffusion method to determine their resistance to tetracycline (Terramycin®) and tylosin (Tylan®) antibiotics. A comprehensive data analysis was conducted at multiple levels, including state, month, year, nationwide, and climate region. Among the 49 states examined, EFB was identified in 44 states, while AFB was found in 31 states. Infection levels vary across states, ranging from 0% to 63.6% for EFB and from 0% to 54.8% for AFB. The national average of EFB (19.2%) was significantly (p < 0.001) higher than AFB (8.6%). Contrary to AFB, significant yearly increases (p < 0.001) were identified for EFB from 2015 to 2022. Furthermore, significant monthly variations were recorded for both brood diseases, with the highest occurrence of EFB observed from April to July. States with the lowest infection rates of both diseases were NV, ND, MS, AK, and AZ. The South U.S. climate region, which comprises six states, had the highest and lowest EFB and ABF infections, respectively. On a nationwide scale, the AFB resistance to tetracycline (38%) was significantly (p < 0.001) higher than the resistance to tylosin (27%).

In pursuing high stability and power conversion efficiency for organic photovoltaics (OPVs), a sequential deposition (SD) approach to fabricate active layers with p–i–n structures (where p, i, and n represent the electron donor, mixed donor:acceptor, and electron acceptor regions, respectively, distinctively different from the bulk heterojunction (BHJ) structure) has emerged. Here, we present a novel approach that by incorporating two polymer donors, PBDBT-DTBTand PTQ-2F, and one small-molecule acceptor, BTP-3-EH-4Cl, into the active layer with sequential deposition, we formed a device with nanometer-scale twin p–i–n structured active layer. The twin p–i–n PBDBT-DTBT:PTQ-2F/BTP-3-EH-4Cldevice involved first depositing a PBDBT-DTBT:PTQ-2Fblend under layer and then a BTP-3-EH-4Cltop layer and exhibited an improved power conversion efficiency (PCE) value of 18.6%, as compared to the 16.4% for the control BHJ PBDBT-DTBT:PTQ-2F:BTP-3-EH-4Cldevice or 16.6% for the single p–i–n PBDBT-DTBT/BTP-3-EH-4Cldevice. The PCE enhancement resulted mainly from the twin p–i–n active layer’s multiple nanoscale charge carrier pathways that contributed to an improved fill factor and faster photocurrent generation based on transient absorption studies. The PBDBT-DTBT:PTQ-2F/BTP-3-EH-4Clfilm possessed a vertical twin p–i–n morphology that was revealed through secondary ion mass spectrometry and synchrotron grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering analyses. The thermal stability (T80) at 85 °C of the twin p–i–n PBDBT-DTBT:PTQ-2F/BTP-3-EH-4Cldevice surpassed that of the single p–i–n PBDBT-DTBT/BTP-3-EH-4Cldevices (906 vs 196 h). This approach of providing a twin p–i–n structure in the active layer can lead to substantial enhancements in both the PCE and stability of organic photovoltaics, laying a solid foundation for future commercialization of the organic photovoltaics technology.

Paraphlomideae (Lamioideae, Lamiaceae) is a recently established tribe endemic to East and Southeast Asia. It comprises three herbaceous genera: Paraphlomis, Matsumurella, and Ajugoides. Phylogenetic relationships among these genera have not yet been satisfactorily resolved and the monophyly of Paraphlomiswas challenged in previous molecular phylogenetic studies. In this study, we performed maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference analyses on complete plastomes and nuclear ribosomal internal and external transcribed spacer sequences to further resolve the generic relationships within Paraphlomideae. All phylogenetic analyses support the monophyly of Paraphlomideae. Contrary to traditional classifications, both Ajugoidesand Matsumurellawere deeply nested within Paraphlomis, indicating the need to expand Paraphlomisto include Ajugoidesand Matsumurella. Hence, six new combinations and one replacement name are proposed. Morphologically, species of the newly defined Paraphlomisshare a rhizomatous or stoloniferous habit, plants with simple hairs, nutlets with a truncate apex, and actinomorphic calyces. In addition, widespread incongruence between nuclear and plastid trees may have been caused by hybridization and incomplete lineage sorting after rapid diversification in the re‐circumscribed Paraphlomis.

Dielectrophoresis (DEP) is a noncontact manipulation method used for driving biological cells and dielectric microparticles to desired locations, facilitating the sorting and detection of multiple targets with a driving voltage compatible with integrated-circuit processes. This work presents a fully integrated platform in a complementary metal-oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) process combining DEP and capacitive sensing for immunodetection. Microbeads containing the targets to be detected are driven toward probe-immobilized electrode surfaces using DEP. Upon specific binding, this results in a capacitive change due to the presence of the remaining microbeads. The design of DEP driving electrodes was thoroughly analyzed using finite-element simulation techniques. Microbeads immobilized with antimouse immunoglobulin (IgG) were successfully driven to the $20\times 20~\mu $ m sensing electrodes of the $16\times 32$ array by applying a peak-to-peak voltage of 3 V at 10 MHz. The measured results demonstrated an output sensitivity of 2.6 mV/fF, with a minimum detectable capacitance of 63 aF.

The formation of holes in epithelial tissue is essential for development, but it can also be associated with epithelial barrier dysfunction and cancer progression. Here we show that active cell contraction in epithelioid monolayer tissues derived from human embryonic stem cells can spontaneously launch a morphological transition cascade consisting of hole nucleation, coalescence and network formation. Accumulated tissue-level tensile stresses drive hole expansion from isotropic round expansion to local fracture of intercellular junctions. This is followed by fast crack propagation, which is later suppressed by the self-organized supracellular actomyosin ring and accompanied by crack blunting and a fracture-to-rounding transition. During hole coalescence, we find a fracture–slip mechanism that enables layer-by-layer breaking of the multicellular bridge but without inducing excessive cell deformation. Our multiscale theory captures these experimental observations and predicts that substrate rigidity sensing and adhesion of cells compete with cellular contraction to mediate the morphological dynamics. These findings suggest that living tissues may coordinate the mechanics across molecular, cellular and tissue scales to drive topological changes while reducing the risk of mechanical damage to cells.

There are no effective pharmacological treatments for sarcopenia. We aim to identify potential therapeutic targets for sarcopenia by integrating various publicly available datasets. We integrated druggable genome data, cis‐eQTL/cis‐pQTL from human blood and skeletal muscle tissue, and GWAS summary data of sarcopenia‐related traits to analyse the potential causal relationships between drug target genes and sarcopenia using the Mendelian Randomization (MR) method. Sensitivity analyses and Bayesian colocalization were employed to validate the causal relationships. We also assessed the side effects or additional indications of the identified drug targets using a phenome‐wide MR (Phe‐MR) approach and investigated actionable drugs for target genes using available databases. MR analysis identified 17 druggable genes with potential causation to sarcopenia in human blood or skeletal muscle tissue. Six of them (HP, HLA‐DRA, MAP 3K3, MFGE8, COL15A1, and AURKA) were further confirmed by Bayesian colocalization (PPH4 > 90%). The up‐regulation of HP[higher ALM (beta: 0.012, 95% CI: 0.007–0.018, P= 1.2*10−5) and higher grip strength (OR: 0.96, 95% CI: 0.94–0.98, P= 4.2*10−5)], MAP 3K3[higher ALM (beta: 0.24, 95% CI: 0.21–0.26, P= 1.8*10−94), higher grip strength (OR: 0.82, 95% CI: 0.75–0.90, P= 2.1*10−5), and faster walking pace (beta: 0.03, 95% CI: 0.02–0.05, P= 8.5*10−6)], and MFGE8[higher ALM (muscle eQTL, beta: 0.09, 95% CI: 0.06–0.11, P= 6.1*10−13; blood pQTL, beta: 0.05, 95% CI: 0.03–0.07, P= 3.8*10−09)], as well as the down‐regulation of HLA‐DRA[lower ALM (beta: ‐0.09, 95% CI: −0.11 to −0.08, P= 5.4*10−36) and lower grip strength (OR: 1.13, 95% CI: 1.07–1.20, P= 1.8*10−5)] and COL15A1[higher ALM (muscle eQTL, beta: ‐0.07, 95% CI: −0.10 to −0.04, P= 3.4*10−07; blood pQTL, beta: ‐0.05, 95% CI: −0.06 to −0.03, P= 1.6*10−07)], decreased the risk of sarcopenia. AURKAin blood (beta: ‐0.16, 95% CI: −0.22 to −0.09, P= 2.1*10−06) and skeletal muscle (beta: 0.03, 95% CI: 0.02 to 0.05, P= 5.3*10−05) tissues showed an inverse relationship with sarcopenia risk. The Phe‐MR indicated that the six potential therapeutic targets for sarcopenia had no significant adverse effects. Drug repurposing analysis supported zinc supplementation and collagenase clostridium histolyticummight be potential therapeutics for sarcopenia by activating HPand inhibiting COL15A1, respectively. Our research indicated MAP 3K3, MFGE8, COL15A1, HP, and HLA‐DRAmay serve as promising targets for sarcopenia, while the effectiveness of zinc supplementation and collagenase clostridium histolyticumfor sarcopenia requires further validation.

An efficient [3 + 2] cycloaddition reaction between in situgenerated nitrile imines from hydrazonoyl halides and vinylsulfonium salts is developed. The nitrile imines are demonstrated to be a new class of reaction partner for vinylsulfonium salts to conduct the [3 + 2] cycloaddition reaction. The process provides a concise and efficient method for the construction of pyrazole derivatives under mild reaction conditions with broad substrate scope, good product yields, and high regioselectivity.

We have successfully synthesized a series of bidentate ligands by utilizing 2-(trimethylsilyl)phenyl trifluorosulfonate as a precursor for the benzyl group. This method proceeded by inserting a polythiourea into the C═S π-bond, intramolecular ring proton migration, and ring opening. Salient features of this strategy are mild reaction conditions, a novel product structure, excellent stereochemistry, and a good functional group tolerance. Furthermore, a series of density functional theory calculations were performed to gain insights into the transfer mechanism.

A novel three-component cyclization carbonylation reaction of iodoarene-tethered propargyl ethers with amine and CO is reported. This palladium-catalyzed cascade reaction undergoes a sequence of oxidative addition, unsaturated bond migration, carbonyl insertion, and nucleophilic attack to deliver the benzofuran skeleton. Both aromatic amines and aliphatic amines could proceed smoothly in this transformation under one atm of CO.

An artificial retina featuring bionic vision processing is presented as a paradigm shift of metaverse. The main contribution is to provide a methodology to better understand the human vision and to reproduce images along the visual pathway. Simulation results include retinal images, bilateral neural images, depth maps, etc.

T cells are important for the control of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), a common and often deadly malignancy. We observed that some AML patient samples are resistant to killing by human-engineered cytotoxic CD4+T cells. Single-cell RNA-seq of primary AML samples and CD4+T cells before and after their interaction uncovered transcriptional programs that correlate with AML sensitivity or resistance to CD4+T cell killing. Resistance-associated AML programs were enriched in AML patients with poor survival, and killing-resistant AML cells did not engage T cells in vitro. Killing-sensitive AML potently activated T cells before being killed, and upregulated ICAM1, a key component of the immune synapse with T cells. Without ICAM1, killing-sensitive AML became resistant to killing by primary ex vivo-isolated CD8+T cells in vitro, and engineered CD4+T cells in vitro and in vivo. While AML heterogeneity implies that multiple factors may determine their sensitivity to T cell killing, these data show that ICAM1 acts as an immune trigger, allowing T cell killing, and could play a role in AML patient survival in vivo.