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Copyright of Revue Historique (0035-3264) is the property of Presses Universitaires de France and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Médiévales is the property of Presses Universitaires de Vincennes and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bulletin Monumental is the property of Societe Francaise d'Archeologie and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bulletin Monumental is the property of Societe Francaise d'Archeologie and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Historia: Questoes & Debates is the property of Universidade Federal do Parana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of XVIIe Siècle is the property of Presses Universitaires de France and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Annales de Normandie is the property of Annales de Normandie and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article discusses the restoration and preservation efforts for the Castle of Ghent in Flanders, Belgium. It describes the restoration of the monument dedicated to the counts of Flanders created by Joseph de Waele, discussing which parts of the monument are original to de Waele based upon photographic evidence and architectural design plans. It then discusses the design and architecture of the chateau and the castle, the fortress inside the castle, and archaeological studies into the various states of the castle based upon elevation levels.

Copyright of Revue Belge de Philologie & d'Histoire is the property of Societe pour le Progres des Etudes Philologiques et Historiques and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article presents an archaeological study concerning the construction of the northwest ramparts at the Château de Caen in Caen, France, from the 11th to the 16th century. The author discusses a study conducted in 2005 that focused primarily on identifying primitive masonry. Topics include the wall's architecture, its characteristics such as the use of a local limestone, and its construction which started during the 11th century. The author also discusses the wall's reinforced fortifications during the 12th century through the addition of crenelations. The article mentions the rivalries among British rulers and French rulers such as the Capetians (Capétiens) and the house of Plantagenet (Plantagenêts).

Between people and vines are strong links, speaking here about the work of many generations of wine-grower and wine-makers. People have a great respect, which is the result of how the vines answer to the care what is wearing and not deny it. Oenology is the science of wine production. Wine lovers in respect of knowledge, are the liquor's friends, which they strongly respect. In the world of wines, the human being is also, author and spectator. Bacchus' liquor is the creation of humanity. People need to approach of the spectacular and miracle universe of the wine with confidence and respect that they deserve these beverages. Another component of the wine is not totally clear. As the technique improves the research could be surprises on the benefits of wine on the human body. In this paper one start over from a simple idea, those to compare, beginning with the quality of soil, weather conditions, continuing with the science and involvement in the process of wine-making, some four vineyards from three different countries, all situated on the 45° parallel. The results are clear, meaning, in the same conditions, can obtain high quality wines all over the world, but the wines are, still, different to the connoisseur who make, very well, distinction regarding the wines' bouquet, flavor, or aroma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Bulletin Monumental is the property of Societe Francaise d'Archeologie and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)