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Job creation has become an urgent agenda for policymakers of many sub-Saharan African nations who are struggling with unemployment. Thus, this study has attempted to examine the determinants of labour demand in the manufacturing sector in Ethiopia using industry-level panel data containing 37,555 firms grouped into 100 industries with 919 observations over the period of 2002–2020. By using a two-step system generalised method of moments estimator, the study reveals that the real wage and product market competition difficulty impact the labour demand of manufacturing industries significantly and negatively, while the value of energy, locally sourced and imported raw material used as well as the output, fixed capital stock and labour demand first lag has a positive and significant effect, holding other factors constant. In addition to the lags of the endogenous variables, the pension of the worker contributed by the industries and the percentage of firms facing a high raw material shortage in the industries were used as external instruments to treat the endogeneity of real wage and output, respectively. The consistence of the results was checked by using the robust form of ordinary least square and fixed effect model estimations. In order to address the problem of raw materials shortage, it is suggested to provide incentives for agricultural production driven by industry needs. Policy interventions aimed at lowering the proportion of raw material imports are recommended due to the severe shortage of foreign currency. In addition, industries' labour demand will rise as a result of fixed capital formation, improved energy provision and efficient consumption, and smoothing competition in the product market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mixed-ownership reform has been the mainstream for the SOE reform in China, but rarely is known whether this reform can improve the overall profitability of SOEs. Therefore, this paper would like to fill this literature gap by testing the impact of China's ongoing mixed-ownership reform on SOEs profitability.This reform encourages private capital to purchase shares of SOEs, so it can be regarded as a privatization plan for SOEs. Using the Difference-in-Differences (DiD) approach, we treat SOEs undergoing the reform as the treatment group and those not undergoing the reform as the control group. Our results indicate that the reform significantly increases the profitability of reformed SOEs. Mechanism analysis suggests that the reform enhances SOE profitability by reducing redundant workers, administrative fees, and related-party transactions. We also find that the effects of the reform are heterogeneous, with greater impacts observed among SOEs in unregulated industries, local SOEs, and SOEs in areas with low marketization. Overall, our research enriches the literature on privatization and mixed-ownership reform, and also provides empirical evidence to promote mixed-ownership reform. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Amidst increasing global attention on corporate environmental responsibility, the impact of carbon emission disclosure on financial outcomes remains a pertinent question. Existing literature suggests that transparency in carbon disclosure can influence investor perception and capital costs, yet detailed mechanisms and broader economic implications are less understood. In this study, using data from Chinese publicly traded companies from 2017 to 2022, we investigate how carbon emission disclosure affects the implied cost of capital, with a focus on the mediating role of stock liquidity. Our findings reveal that enhanced transparency in carbon reporting significantly lowers the implied cost of capital by improving stock liquidity, a previously underexplored channel. This effect is particularly pronounced in sectors with high carbon footprints and within regions emphasizing sustainable finance policies. The results underscore the economic benefits of environmental transparency, suggesting that robust disclosure practices can serve as a strategic tool for firms to reduce financing costs while contributing to broader sustainability goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Collected Papers of Zagreb Law Faculty / Zbornik Pravnog Fakulteta u Zagrebu is the property of Sveuciliste u Zagrebu, Pravni Fakultet and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Nova Economia is the property of Nova Economia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Epidemic shocks have brought the issue of household economic vulnerability to the fore. Furthermore, an urgent need to establish a long-term mechanism to particularly help low-income groups cope with risk shocks, and minimum wage policies should be able to play an important role. Therefore, based on CHFS panel tracking data in 2015, 2017, and 2019, the impact of the minimum wage increase on household economic vulnerability and its mechanism of action is empirically tested. We found that for every 10% increase in the minimum wage, the probability of economic vulnerability occurring in the household economy decreases by 2.81 percentage points because the minimum wage increase raises the household income level of low-income groups, improves the health status of household members, and increase their commercial health insurance, emergency savings and financial capital stock. This impact is more significant for rural households, households in areas with high marketization levels, better rule of law levels and with low education levels. The article's research helps to comprehensively analyse the welfare effects of minimum wage policies and expand the policy options for helping low-income groups cope with risk shocks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper revisits the Heckscher-Ohlin-Vanek (HOV) theorem and investigates its fit for digital tasks and ICT capital, which both represent endowment factors that are expected to shape the digital transformation. We use a theory-consistent methodology for calculating the measured net factor content of trade and apply it to a unique dataset on digital and non-digital tasks performed in detailed occupations, as well as recent data on ICT capital stocks. Equipped with these data, we provide new evidence on the factor-based trade patterns for 25 EU countries and use it to test the HOV theorem. Overall, the performance of the sign test and the rank test is good, if not impressive. In 83% of the cases, countries are net exporters of those factors with which they are abundantly endowed, with a higher score achieved for digital tasks than for ICT capital. The relevance of digital tasks and ICT capital is corroborated by a gravity model, which indicates that higher endowments with these factors foster bilateral exports. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of GWP: Gesellschaft Wirtschaft Politik is the property of Verlag Barbara Budrich GmbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Intangible capital stock is an important variable of current concern for all sectors, which is a new driving force of innovation-driven economic growth. However, there is still room for improvement in the estimation method of China's intangible capital stock, and the analysis of the estimation results is not yet sufficient. For this purpose, this paper firstly re-estimates China's intangible capital stock using the CHS classification framework, especially in the estimation methods of software capital and scientific R&D capital, and makes a lot of improvements. Then, this paper uses not only the growth model but also the mediating effect model to classify the intangible capital in the CHS framework into explanatory and mediating variables of economic growth, and proposes that the explanatory variables are what drive new driving force of China's economic growth and the intangible capital stock estimated in this paper. Finally, this paper provides a detailed analysis of the changes, structure, and distribution of the explanatory variables. The results find that (1) software capital and scientific R&D capital are the new driving forces of China's economic growth; (2) China's national stock of current-valued intangible capital rose from 0.4 trillion yuan to 16.4 trillion yuan from 2001–2017, with software capital stock growing faster than scientific R&D capital stock; (3) Intangible capital stock is mainly distributed in a few regions such as Beijing, Guangdong, Jiangsu and Shanghai; (4) The structure of intangible capital in most regions is not reasonable, and there is a bias towards software capital or scientific R&D capital; (5) The rapid growth of intangible capital stock in Jiangsu and other regions is one of the reasons for their fast economic growth rate, while the slow growth of intangible capital stock in Heilongjiang and Liaoning has led to a decline in their economic growth rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of public infrastructure is essential for any country to achieve its economic and social development goals. Effective public infrastructure has a far-reaching impact in helping the economy achieve policies in the transport sector. The development of transport infrastructure is linked to economic growth, due to the fact that the share of capital expenditure for investment projects increases in total consumption (Bakalova, 2018). Development and expansion of the technological base is achieved, as the construction and maintenance of transport infrastructure stimulate public spending. The purpose of the article is to outline the main trends in building the infrastructure in Bulgaria for the different types of transport. The ability of transport assets to maintain their level of service to the end of their service life and their flexibility in meeting changes in demand patterns is analyzed. In conclusion, the main trends in the expansion of infrastructure capacity, the approaches to maintenance, modernization and the integration of new digital technologies in its construction are brought out. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Barents Sea and Arctic regions in general are facing significant impacts from climate change. A major concern is increasing temperatures. I explore four different scenarios of temperature impacts on the Barents Sea Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua), its fishery, and the level of natural capital – wealth – that the fish stock represents. My framework incorporates interaction with the main prey, capelin, under uncertainty in the population dynamics equations and under two relevant management regimes. One regime is based on maximum sustainable yield (MSY) and one is based on ecosystem-based management (EBM). Because of uncertainty over how warming will impact the Barents Sea cod, the investigated scenarios include both positive and negative impacts on parameters in the population dynamics. Wealth under MSY is robust to growth rate impacts, but with impacts on the carrying capacity wealth will change significantly. The EBM regime would increase wealth in all scenarios. Wealth estimates supports appropriate accounting prices for the natural capital stocks—prices that reflect modeled ecosystem and temperature dynamics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to estimate the efficiency exemplified by a production function of EU-28 countries from 1995 to 2019. We explore the capability of these countries to convert in an environmentally efficient way, the typical inputs of labor force, capital stock together with energy and land use into desirable (GDP) and undesirable (CO 2 , CH 4) outputs. The countries in question are divided into groups that allow scientific comparison between static and dynamic specifications. The estimation results of the static frontiers when compared to the dynamic ones indicate an underestimation for some groups during the period under consideration. In the second stage the main determinants necessary to be considered for benchmarking of static and dynamic efficiency scores are explored using static specifications of the Simar–Wilson regression and FEs panel data analysis and the dynamic effects of the generalized method of moments (GMM). The findings may help policy makers to plan efficient strategies taking into consideration the effects of economic growth, industrialization, urbanization and the population density. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the reasons for the weak and inconclusive effect of human capital on growth in existing cross-country studies may be the use of inappropriate specifications that do not account for different channels through which human capital affects economic growth. It has been suggested that both the initial stocks and changes in the human capital stocks have positive growth effects when considered together, while each channel often appears insignificant in isolation. This implies that the effect of human capital is likely to be underestimated in restricted (single-channel) specifications. However, this paper shows that extended (two-channel) specifications might also fail to provide a reasonable explanation for the inconsistent human capital effects in existing growth literature. It seems that the omitted variable bias problem resulting from the 'incomplete' specification of human capital in growth regression may not be as pronounced as expected. In addition, we consider some aspects of measurement error and low signal in the changes in human capital. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We assess the medium-run effects of changes in the labour force, the capital stock and the terms of trade on real wages in Australia between 1978 and 2018. For this purpose, we estimate a simple two-sector specific-factors model. A rise of one percent in the labour force lowers wages by 1.4 percent, a rise of one percent in the capital stock lifts wages by 0.47 percent and a rise of one percent in the terms of trade lifts wages by 0.15 percent. Rapid growth in the labour force accounts for some of the stagnation of wages between 1984 and 1989, and slow growth in the capital stock accompanied the stagnation between 2013 and 2018. Declines in the terms of trade preceded both episodes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines research on the role of financial innovation in banking and its implications for a bank's financial soundness. A literature review and mathematical simulation was carried out in Excel, to examine and identify the relationships between financial performance and efficiency and stability. The simulation is divided into 4 parts: 1) the bank is not innovating, 2) the bank is innovating to reduce costs, 3) the bank is innovating to stimulate demand, 4) the bank is innovating to reduce costs and stimulate demand. The use of simulation allows you to obtain comparable data for any period. Analysis and simulation results show that innovation leads to different consequences. Cost cutting innovations help the bank to increase its equity capital faster and reduce risks. On the other hand, innovations that stimulate demand lead to an increase in income and a decrease in the share of equity capital. The study allows researchers to better assess the impact of modern innovations in the banking sector. As far as the authors know, this research format is one of the most promising areas of research in economic activity in general, and banking in particular. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Contaduría y Administración is the property of Facultad de Contaduria y Administracion-Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper evaluates the relationship between public policy reforms and productivity, investment, employment and per capita income for OECD and non-OECD countries. More competition-friendly product market regulations are associated with improved economic outcomes: lower barriers to foreign trade and investment go in tandem with greater multi-factor productivity (MFP), and lower barriers to entry and less pervasive state control over the business sector with larger capital stock and increased employment rate. More flexible labour market regulations are found to go hand in hand with higher employment rates whereas no robust link between labour market regulations and MFP and capital deepening can be established. The findings also suggest that the quality of institutions is fundamental for economic outcomes. Finally, the paper shows that countries at different levels of economic development face different policy effects and that some policy reforms interact with each other by attenuating and amplifying each others' economic impacts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tropical agroforestry systems support the wellbeing of millions of subsistence farmers. Owing to their ecosystem services, these agricultural systems are often advocated in government, policy, and literature as a potential adaptation to climate change measure despite emerging evidence that agroforestry systems could succumb to climate change. While the agroecological impacts of climate change on tropical agroforests are becoming increasingly apparent, few studies investigate the impacts on farmers' wellbeing. This study empirically analyses how a potentially warmer and drier future climate could affect the wellbeing of subsistence farmers in a homegarden agroforestry system. We employed a space-for-time climate analogue analysis approach based on the variation in altitude proxying for changes in climate on the lower southeast slopes of Mt Kilimanjaro to examine the climate effect on provisioning ecosystem services and farmers' wellbeing. To guide our study, we developed an interdisciplinary framework for understanding how changes in climate pressures can impact farmers within tropical agroforests by considering effects on the system's social and ecological components, ecosystem services, and farmers' wellbeing. A mixed-method approach was used to statistically analyse the variation in farming households' wellbeing in the homegardens and qualitatively understand the underlying mechanisms. Overall, the change in climate conditions reduced the homegarden's natural capital stock, e.g., livestock fodder, and productivity, negatively affecting farmers' wellbeing. For example, farmers under the warmer and drier climate conditions were less likely to consume the three daily meals required for a good life (OR = 0.441, P < 0.05). Farmers who supplemented their homegarden crop production using dryland agriculture were less vulnerable to climate effects. However, this strategy relies on farmers' sustained access to expensive productive assets, i.e., agrochemicals and farmland, which could become challenging under climate change. Our findings are significant because 1) they indicate that farmers' wellbeing could decline under climate change, and 2) they evidence that tropical agroforestry systems can still be vulnerable to climate effects despite their advocacy in climate adaptation scholarship. We suggest that policymakers utilise current climate financing oppertunities to assist farmers in adapting their homegarden to climate change, for example, by establishing climate-resilient fodder and crops. [Display omitted] • Climate analogue analysis projected the climate impacts on farmers in homegardens. • Climate change reduced the homegarden's natural capital stock and crop yield. • These impacts reduced farmers' wellbeing, mostly through poorer nutrition. • Farmers' livestock were vulnerable to climate-related declines in fodder. • A combined dryland-homegarden production system can reduce farmers' vulnerability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Uncertainty about land ownership is believed to increase vulnerability of marginalized groups in a society. When agriculture is not only responsible for employing more than half of the labor force population but also the main source of the livelihood of poor families, access to land becomes critical. This paper conducts a comprehensive analysis of the impact of land reform on agricultural output in the Southern African Development Community (SADC) countries. Employing a system of equations model and controlling for traditional variables, our study yields several noteworthy findings. First, our results reveal that land development exhibits a positive impact on agricultural output, emphasizing the importance of investment in agriculture. Conversely, the positive coefficient for civil unrest highlights the intricate relationship between land reform and social stability, suggesting that unrest may be a consequence of land reform aimed at addressing inequality. Second, the channel equations shed light on the indirect pathways through which factors like rural population growth rate, life expectancy, and capital stock influence agricultural output. These findings underscore the potential benefits of managing rural population growth, improving healthcare, and increasing investment in agriculture, albeit with varying degrees of impact. Third, our study dissects the different effects of land reform policies. Willing seller-willing buyer and various forms of expropriation are found to be significant in both land development and civil unrest equations, indicating their dual role in promoting land development while potentially contributing to social unrest. Striking a balance between land reform and stability emerges as a crucial policy challenge. • The dual role of land reform policies is evaluated in terms of the trade-off between equity and efficiency. • The findings suggest a policy challenge in achieving a balance between land reform and stability. • While the market approach is deemed equitable, its inefficiency is evident, attributed to its sluggish pace. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using data envelopment analysis (DEA), we calculate sales efficiency for U.S. pharmaceutical firms and find it to be positively associated with those firms’ book-to-market ratios (a measure widely used in the finance literature to estimate the risk and growth potential of firms’ common stock). Thus, we conclude that sales-efficient firms in this industry are, on average, undervalued and suggest that the U.S. pharmaceutical industry is characterized by firms making off-balance sheet investments, which we argue leads to efficiency during our sample years (2009-2015). We also conduct longitudinal analyses and conclude that firms in our sample with smaller asset levels are more efficient. Finally, we conduct a slack analysis, which concludes that most of the overvalued companies exhibit inefficiencies in their utilization of research and development costs and selling, general, and administrative costs. Fewer of those firms exhibit inefficient utilization of their costs of goods sold. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on empirical evidence, households consume dividends from common stock at a much higher rate than the rise in its price. This pattern is consistent with consumption from durable, predictable, and permanent sources of income as compared with non-durable income. Such a separate tracking of dividends and capital gains is not consistent with the notion of return as the combination of both: price appears to convey performance as compared to return. Empirical studies show that dividend yield predicts return in the short and the long horizons, particularly when the effects of repurchase activities as well as cash flow transfers to equity holders are included. The various empirical findings show, in part, that the market price of the stock does not decline as a result of the payment of cash dividend by as much as the elegant hypothesis of Miller and Modigliani implies. Behavioral finance provides some explanations in this regard as investors appear to view dividends as given, and place it in a mental account separate from the rise in price of the stock and not as an integral part of return. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Collected Papers of Zagreb Law Faculty / Zbornik Pravnog Fakulteta u Zagrebu is the property of Sveuciliste u Zagrebu, Pravni Fakultet and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The UK government has published the Future of Payments Review report, which provides recommendations for improving the country's payments landscape. The main recommendation is to develop a National Payments Vision and Strategy that focuses on safety, simplification, consumer protection, and inclusivity. Other recommendations include improving bank transfer processes, reforming Strong Customer Authentication requirements, prioritizing consumer protection in Open Banking, developing alternative payment options, reviewing fraud and scam rules, and assessing regulatory requirements for FinTechs. Additionally, HM Treasury is seeking views on a clearing exemption for pension schemes, which currently allows them to be exempt from clearing obligations for a temporary period. The call for evidence seeks input on how pension funds hedge risks, the use of bilateral OTC derivatives markets, accessing clearing and meeting margin requirements, the impact of the exemption on the LDI crisis, and the potential impact of removing the exemption on pension schemes. [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of Collected Papers of the Faculty of Law in Split / Zbornik Radova Pravnog Fakulteta u Splitu is the property of Split Faculty of Law and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Restoring rangeland ecology, a goal set by the Rangeland Ecological Protection Subsidy and Reward (REPSR) scheme of China, depends on how effectively livestock overload can be curbed. Besides subsidies and rewards, herders' individual social capital also bears an important weight on their willingness to lower stocking rate. Social network offers an invisible conduit for herders to build up social capital, thus quantifying social capital through social network analysis is more straightforward than simply using proxy indicators, an approach commonly adopted so far. Based on a questionnaire survey on 288 households in Qinghai province, the effects of social capital and the REPSR compensation on stocking rate are empirically examined, replacing the traditional proxies of social capital with herders' ability to obtain information and resources as well as the restrictions imposed by social norms from social networks. Social capital is found to have a statistically significant impact on stocking rate, but tradeoffs exist among various network pathways. Herders' acquisition of policy information and stall-feeding skills through social networks contributes to lower stocking rate, but acquisition of grazing experience, funds and machinery service exerts counteracting effects. A U-shaped relationship occurs between stocking rate and compensation amount offered by the REPSR: with the increase of compensation amount, herders lower stocking rate first and then increase it. To improve the effectiveness of the REPSR scheme, a refinement on the compensation scheme tailored to differential scales of household rangeland operation is the key, meanwhile weaving and harnessing social network to improve policy publicity and enforcement as well as knowledge sharing and production cooperation between herdsmen also deserve more attention. • Effects of ecological compensation and social capital on stocking rate are examined. • Herders' social capital is quantified by matrix operation on social networks. • A U-shaped relationship is found between stocking rate and compensation amount. • Tradeoffs exist in the impacts of differential network pathways on stocking rate. • Key network actors are identified and their potential leadership is explored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Assess four categories of barriers hindering decarbonization in basic industry. • Focus on—market, technology, institutional, and coordination/cross–supply barriers. • Provides a comprehensive, adaptable, and accessible framework. • No silver bullet when it comes to decarbonizing the "harder-to-abate" sectors. • Policy measures aimed at lowering coordination barriers a key priority. Basic materials such as steel and cement have been instrumental to modern society, but the production requires high energy inputs and is associated with significant CO 2 emissions. Long investment cycles, slow turnover rate of the capital stock, and high capital intensity mean that basic materials industries are among the economic activities that will be the most difficult to decarbonize. Although the importance of addressing industrial emissions has been increasingly recognized, the development of measures and technologies that could deliver deeper emissions cuts has been relatively slow. In this paper, we present a conceptual framework focusing on four categories of barriers—market, technology, regulatory, and coordination—that hamper deep decarbonization in the basic materials industries. We use the Swedish basic materials industries and policy context to illustrate how the proposed framework can be understood and applied and broadly discuss policies that can facilitate the climate transition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Romanian Case Law Review / Revista Română de Jurisprudenţă is the property of Universul Juridic Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Romanian Case Law Review / Revista Română de Jurisprudenţă is the property of Universul Juridic Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Economía del Caribe is the property of Fundacion Universidad del Norte and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Družboslovne Razprave is the property of Druzboslovne Razprave and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Romanian Case Law Review / Revista Română de Jurisprudenţă is the property of Universul Juridic Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of the Cukurova University Institute of Social Sciences is the property of Cukurova University Institute of Social Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The design, funding, management of infrastructure is a challenge for organizations both large and small. Beyond size, when place-based issues such as demographics, geography, and climate are also considered strategic decisions around infrastructure are further complicated. The following study, based on 300 municipalities in the province of Newfoundland and Labrador in Canada, explores good practice and provides recommendations to improve municipal infrastructure in local towns and villages. Municipalities, as organizations, are an interesting area of study because they are multifaceted, social-purpose entities with governance, strategic, and financial concerns, similar, but different to those of the private sector. Moreover, as with any organization, they are required to be managed, controlled, and financed. How they address their most important, and yet basic, strategic questions, specifically how, why, and when to invest in infrastructure, is important both for public policy and management research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We know little about how and when social capital is shared from individuals to their teams and how this sharing might facilitate team innovative performance. This paper offers three important contributions. First, largue that individuals' willingness to share their external ties with their teammates is not automatic. Secondly, I propose that individuals with greater levels of team-related relational and cognitive social capital, tertius iungens orientation, and team member interdependence are more likely to share their ties with their team. Finally, I examine the interactive role of external and internal team ties in promoting team innovative performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper examines the trends of female labour force participation and gender disparity across groups of countries and the SAARC Nations. The objective of the paper is to examine the relationship between female labour force participation rate of the age group of 15–64 years and GDP per capita, fertility rate, survival rate and their lag effect, life expectancy and average years of schooling which includes primary, secondary and tertiary schooling over the period from 2000 to 2018. The panel data have been created by taking the time-series countrywise data from International Labour Organisation statistics (ILO modelled estimates). The study tries to analyse the effect of the log of per capita GDP, human capital stock for the female population and other variables using GMM estimates on Dynamic Panel Model setup for SAARC nations (excluding Bhutan and Maldives). This study uses the lag value of the log of GDP per capita as an instrumental variable to get an efficient estimator in a Dynamic Panel Model setting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi is the property of University of Cumhuriyet, Faculty of Sciences & Arts and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Maetagused is the property of Estonian Literary Museum, Department of Folkloristics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The impact of the stock of public capital on electricity consumption per capita is analysed for eighteen Latin American and Caribbean countries over the period ranging from 1971 to 2014. We rely on the ARDL approach to capture the complexity of short- and long-run relationships between the variables. The results support that the stock of public capital influences electricity consumption only on the short run, revealing that its impact is exerted mainly by an income effect that stimulates electricity consumption momently. The stock of public capital has no long-run impact on per capita electricity consumption, rising doubts on the quality of that public stock of capital to promote development. The modelling of the drivers of electricity consumption also revealed valuable insights into how the Latin American and Caribbean region has evolved. The availability of electricity generation only stimulates moderately per capita electricity consumption, supporting that the integration of Latin American and Caribbean grids that was able to disrupt the link between local generation and consumption. This conclusion is enforced by the no statistical significance of short-run impacts of the availability of electricity generation on per capita electricity consumption. • The results support that the stock of public capital influences electricity consumption only on the short-run. • The stock of public capital has no long-run impact on the per capita electricity consumption. • The modelling of the drivers of electricity consumption also revealed valuable insights into how the LAC region has evolved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Theoretically and virtually, the investment and development fund projects and their activity prove to be sustainable in the long run, for example in Norway, where the additional income from the exploitation of natural resources in the North Sea is accumulated in an investment and development fund. In this case, it is about a revenue surplus that has been estimated to be accumulated and multiplied. The project to establish a sovereign investment fund in Romania, which is based on an initially subscribed share capital, mainly constituted by contribution in kind, that is from participations held by the Romanian State in certain companies, underlines both theoretically and virtually, major differences compared to the Norwegian model and even to other European projects developed in this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista NERA is the property of Revista NERA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)