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Objectives: To give a comprehensive review of the literature comparing perioperative outcomes and long-term survival with robotic-assisted minimally invasive esophagectomy (RAMIE) versus minimally invasive esophagectomy (MIE) for esophageal cancer. Background: Curative minimally invasive surgical treatment for esophageal cancer includes RAMIE and conventional MIE. It remains controversial whether RAMIE is comparable to MIE. Methods: This review was registered at the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (CRD42021260963). A systematic search of databases was conducted. Perioperative outcomes and long-term survival were analyzed and subgroup analysis was conducted. Cumulative meta-analysis was performed to track therapeutic effectiveness. Results: Eighteen studies were included and a total of 2932 patients (92.88% squamous cell carcinoma, 29.83% neoadjuvant therapy, and 38.93% stage III-IV), 1418 underwent RAMIE and 1514 underwent MIE, were analyzed. The number of total lymph nodes (LNs) [23.35 (95% CI: 21.41–25.29) vs 21.98 (95% CI: 20.31–23.65); mean difference (MD) = 1.18; 95% CI: 0.06–2.30; P =0.04], abdominal LNs [9.05 (95% CI: 8.16–9.94) vs 7.75 (95% CI: 6.62–8.88); MD = 1.04; 95% CI: 0.19–1.89; P =0.02] and LNs along the left recurrent laryngeal nerve [1.74 (95% CI: 1.04–2.43) vs 1.34 (95% CI: 0.32–2.35); MD = 0.22; 95% CI: 0.09–0.35; P <0.001] were significantly higher in the RAMIE group. RAMIE is associated with a lower incidence of pneumonia [9.61% (95% CI: 7.38%–11.84%) vs 14.74% (95% CI: 11.62%–18.15%); odds ratio = 0.73; 95% CI: 0.58-0.93; P =0.01]. Meanwhile, other perioperative outcomes, such as operative time, blood loss, length of hospital stay, 30/90-day mortality, and R0 resection, showed no significant difference between the two groups. Regarding long-term survival, the 3-year overall survival was similar in the two groups, whereas patients undergoing RAMIE had a higher rate of 3-year disease-free survival compared with the MIE group [77.98% (95% CI: 72.77%–82.43%) vs 70.65% (95% CI: 63.87%–77.00%); odds ratio = 1.42; 95% CI: 1.11–1.83; P =0.006]. A cumulative meta-analysis conducted for each outcome demonstrated relatively stable effects in the two groups. Analyses of each subgroup showed similar overall outcomes. Conclusions: RAMIE is a safe and feasible alternative to MIE in the treatment of resectable esophageal cancer with comparable perioperative outcomes and seems to indicate a possible superiority in LNs dissection in the abdominal cavity, and LNs dissected along the left recurrent laryngeal nerve and 3-year disease-free survival in particular in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Further randomized studies are needed to better evaluate the long-term benefits of RAMIE compared with MIE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aimed to propose a revised ypN (r-ypN) classification based on lymph node ratio (LNR) and to examine its prognostic value in postneoadjuvant esophageal cancer. Background: A new postneoadjuvant pathologic (ypTNM) staging classification has been introduced for esophageal cancer. However, the ypN classification currently defined by the number of positive lymph nodes is influenced by the extent of lymphadenectomy. Methods: Data on 7195 esophageal cancer patients receiving neoadjuvant chemoradiation were extracted from the National Cancer Database (NCDB). Four r-ypN stages were defined by 3 LNR thresholds (0%, 10%, and 20% using X-tile software). A revised ypTNM (r-ypTNM) classification was developed by solely changing N categories. Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazards models were used for survival analyses. Akaike information criterion (AIC) and Harrell's concordance index (C -index) were used to compare the predictive performance of the current and the revised classification. External validation was performed using an independent cohort from the NEOCRTEC5010 clinical trial. Results: Both ypN (P <0.001) and r-ypN (P <0.001) were independent prognostic factors of overall survival (OS) for esophageal cancer patients. Kaplan-Meier curves demonstrated a better discrimination with r-ypN than ypN categories. Within each ypN category (except ypN3), OS was significantly different comparing r-ypN strata; however, there were no differences between ypN strata within each r-ypN category (except r-ypN3). r-ypN (AIC: 60752 vs 60782; C -index: 0.591 vs 0.587) and r-ypTNM (AIC: 60623 vs 60628; C -index: 0.613 vs 0.610) showed better predictive performance than the current staging system, with a lower AIC (better calibration) and higher C -index (improved discrimination). This advantage was also confirmed by external validation using the NEOCRTEC5010 cohort. Conclusions: LNR showed better performance than ypN in predicting OS of esophageal cancer patients after neoadjuvant chemoradiation and may be an improvement on the current staging system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: To test the utility of the "A/T/N" system in the Chinese population, we study core Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers in a newly established Chinese cohort. Methods: A total of 411 participants were selected, including 96 cognitively normal individuals, 94 patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients, 173 patients with AD, and 48 patients with non‐AD dementia. Fluid biomarkers were measured with single molecule array. Amyloid beta (Aβ) deposition was determined by 18F‐Flobetapir positron emission tomography (PET), and brain atrophy was quantified using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Results: Aβ42/Aβ40 was decreased, whereas levels of phosphorylated tau (p‐tau) were increased in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma from patients with AD. CSF Aβ42/Aβ40, CSF p‐tau, and plasma p‐tau showed a high concordance in discriminating between AD and non‐AD dementia or elderly controls. A combination of plasma p‐tau, apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype, and MRI measures accurately predicted amyloid PET status. Discussion: These results revealed a universal applicability of the "A/T/N" framework in a Chinese population and established an optimal diagnostic model consisting of cost‐effective and non‐invasive approaches for diagnosing AD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text Objective: To determine whether RAL affects perioperative outcomes and long-term efficacy in NSCLC patients, compared with traditional VAL. Summary of Background Data: RAL is a promising treatment for NSCLC. However, its efficacy has not been fully evaluated. Methods: A single-center, open-labeled prospective randomized clinical trial was launched in May 2017 to compare the efficacy of RAL and VAL. By May 2020, 320 patients were enrolled. The perioperative results of RAL and VAL were compared. Results: The 320 enrolled patients were randomly assigned to the RAL group (n = 157) and the VAL group (n = 163). Perioperative outcomes were comparable between the 2 groups, including the length of hospital stay (P = 0.76) and the rate of postoperative complications (P = 0.45). No perioperative mortality occurred in either group. The total amount of chest tube drainage {830 mL [interquartile range (IQR), 550–1130 mL] vs 685 mL [IQR, 367.5–1160 mL], P = 0.007} and hospitalization costs [$12821 (IQR, $12145–$13924) vs $8009 (IQR, $7014–$9003), P < 0.001] were significantly higher in the RAL group. RAL group had a significantly higher number of LNs harvested [11 (IQR, 8–15) vs 10 (IQR, 8–13), P = 0.02], higher number of N1 LNs [6 (IQR, 4–8) vs 5 (IQR, 3–7), P = 0.005], and more LN stations examined [6 (IQR, 5–7) vs 5 (IQR, 4–6), P < 0.001]. Conclusions: Both RAL and VAL are safe and feasible for the treatment of NSCLC. RAL achieved similar perioperative outcomes, together with higher LN yield. Further follow-up investigations are required to evaluate the long-term efficacy of RAL. (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03134534) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]