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We have constructed a compact, low-cost, high-accuracy polarized compass based on spatial modulations of vortex retarders that enable rapid and precise angle of polarization (AOP) measurement of skylight. A traditional optical imaging system incorporated with a vortex retarder and an analyzer in front of it is employed to calculate the skylight AOP by analyzing the modulated light intensity distributions. A periodic error function with a 90° period is observed in the wide-range AOP measurement and an effective calibration method is implemented to reduce such periodic error. Outdoor orientation experiments confirm that after calibration, the max/standard deviation of orientation error over a 180° range was less than 0.03°/0.01°, respectively, obtaining the highest accuracy in outdoor measurements to our knowledge. Besides high accuracy, our compass also features a simple and compact structure with strong optical path compatibility, making it easier to be miniaturized for broad applications such as autonomous navigation.

The demand for bromophenol is on the rise, driven by its extensive applications in industries, including human medicine. This surge in demand has spurred the development of eco-friendly methods for bromophenol recovery and the synthesis of new, low-toxicity compounds. In our study, we prepared a novel poly(ionic liquid) (PIL) featuring a benzene ring. The synthesis of this PIL involved using benzyl alcohol as the primary crosslinking agent, dimethoxymethane as an auxiliary crosslinking agent, and an imidazolium-based ionic liquid monomer, [Dimbb]Cl₂, for the adsorption of 2-bromophenol from aqueous solutions. We designed the PIL to be a high-performance and sustainable adsorbent by optimizing its specific surface area and pore structure. Structural analysis revealed that the PILs have a highly rich micro-mesoporous structure. The adsorption kinetics conformed to pseudo-second-order kinetics, reaching equilibrium in just 6 min. According to the Langmuir model, PIL-1 demonstrated a remarkable maximum adsorption capacity of 434.71 mg/g for 2-bromophenol. Quantum chemical calculations suggested that the adsorption mechanism involves processes such as pore filling, hydrogen bonding, electrostatic interactions, and π-π interactions. Furthermore, the adsorbent can be effectively recovered at least five times using anhydrous ethanol as the desorption agent, while maintaining an adsorption efficiency exceeding 90 %.

Strong interdependence between power production and heat supply from combined power and heat units could restrict the wind power integration. Deploying hydrogen storage, typically formed by the electrolyser, hydrogen tank, and fuel cell, could be a promising measure to accommodate surplus wind power and facilitate the coordinated operation of power and heat. The authors consider coordinated scheduling under wind power uncertainty for an electricity-heat coupled system with hydrogen storage and propose a distributionally robust joint chance-constrained coordinated scheduling (DRJCC-CS) model, where the waste heat from the electrolyser and fuel cell is incorporated. The authors design distributionally robust joint chance constraints to account for wind power uncertainty related constraints and derive their tractable inner and outer mixed-integer convex approximations. Consequently, the proposed DRJCC-CS model is casted into a mixed-integer convex programme. Case studies are conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed DRJCC-CS method.

Broadband optical activity measurement is essential for exploring the chiroptical properties of (bio)moleculars. However, further promotions of these techniques have been hindered by the slow functioning of conventional bulky spectropolarimeters. Here, we have achieved single-shot and broadband optical activity measurement through a polarization grating (PG)-based polarimeter. The optical features of the PG allow for a rapid and accurate measurement of broadband polarization ellipticities by analyzing the relative intensities of two orthogonal circularly polarized components within a single image. When equipped with an extra achromatic quarter-wave plate (AQ), the PG enables the measurement of polarization azimuths as well. We experimentally measure the ellipticities of broadband polarized light, as well as the optical rotatory dispersion (ORD) of standard quartz plates and glucose solutions. Our measurements demonstrate exceptional accuracy, with precisions of 1.7% for ellipticity measurements and <1% for ORD measurements within the 450–700 nm spectral range, showcasing simultaneously high spectral (<1 nm) and temporal (50 kHz for time-varying monitoring) resolutions. Our method paves the way for the implementation and advancement of rapid and broadband measurements relying on compact devices in bioscience and chemical researches that are related to optical activity measurements.

In the realm of intelligent arrhythmia recognition, deep learning (DL) methods have dominated in recent years. However, these methods often struggle to explicitly capture relationships between signals. Graph convolutional networks (GCNs) are designed to efficiently mine data relationships in graph-structured data with a topological structure. Nevertheless, existing GCN methods have notable limitations. First, one limitation of GCNs is their fixed perceptive region, which restricts their ability to effectively capture and represent complex features. Second, noise is inevitably introduced into input data during the collection and feature generation of electrocardiogram (ECG) sequences. To tackle these concerns, combined with a shrinkage block, a multiperceptive region of spatial–temporal graph convolutional shrinkage network (MPR-STSGCN) is proposed for effective intelligent arrhythmia recognition. In MPR-STSGCN, features from different perceptive regions are not only learned but also fused through a shrinkage block that incorporates channel attention and a soft thresholding module. The shrinkage block is specifically designed to reduce unimportant features by dynamically learning thresholds. Moreover, weighted graphs are employed to represent data samples and signify dissimilarities in their relationships. The effectiveness of the proposed method is validated on the MIT-BIH Arrhythmia dataset. The proposed MPR-STSGCN makes progress compared with the state-of-the-art methods.

Integrated Hydrogen-Electrical (IHE) microgrids are desirable testbeds for the practice of carbon-neutral energy supply. This paper studies the IHE microgrids planning (IHEMP) under a dynamic perspective. To keep track with the fast development of hydrogen industry, we propose a multistage stochastic mixed-integer program (MS-MIP) formulation. It comprehensively considers the siting and sizing decisions of IHE microgrids, the dynamic expansion of distributed energy facilities, and the detailed operational model to derive a robust, flexible and profitable investment policy. Moreover, a scenario-tree based sampling strategy is leveraged to capture both the large-scale strategic uncertainties (e.g., the long-term growth of electric loads and hydrogen refueling demands, as well as the cost changes of system components) and fine-scale operating uncertainties (e.g., random variation of renewable energy outputs and loads) under different time scales. As the resulting formulation could be computationally very challenging, we develop a nested decomposition algorithm based on Stochastic Dual Dynamic Integer Programming (SDDiP). Case studies on exemplary IHE microgrids validate the effectiveness of our dynamic planning approach. Also, the customized SDDiP algorithm shows a superior solution capacity to handle large-scale MS-MIPs than the state-of-the-art solver (i.e., Gurobi) and a popular scenario-oriented decomposition method (i.e., progressive hedging algorithm).

This paper proposes a trilevel mixed-integer formulation to coordinately schedule the electricity-hydrogen distribution network (EHDN) with resilience consideration. The rescue hydrogen distribution system is first studied and modeled based on the roadway transportation and vehicle-to-grid power supply of mobile hydrogen energy resources (MHERs). Various practical constraints on traffic capacity, travel distances and time delaying of hydrogen transportation are incorporated. Then, to improve the economic viability of EHDN to fulfill the load survivability requirement in disastrous situations, we propose a risk-constrained trilevel optimization formulation. In particular, the resilience constraint with a $\min -\max$ mixed-integer program structure is introduced, which ensures the post-event service preservation by co-optimizing the re-routing of MHERs and network reconfiguration under worst-case damage scenario. Then, by making use of its structural properties, this complex formulation is solved by a customized nested column-and-constraint generation (NC&CG) algorithm with effective enhancements. Numerical results on an exemplary EHDN indicate that the proactive deployment and adaptive relocation of MHERs provide an economically feasible solution to achieve grid resiliency target. Also, comparing to the standard NC&CG, our improved customization demonstrates a superior performance that drastically reduces the computation time, and thus enables efficient emergency response and disaster relief with synergistic network operations.

The low cost, high capacity and structural designability of carbon materials make them promising candidates as anode materials for rechargeable lithium and sodium ion batteries (LIBs/SIBs). In this study, waste tea leaf residues were chosen as carbon precursors and the effects of three synthesis methods-direct pyrolysis, hydrothermal pyrolysis, and chemically activated pyrolysis, on the electrochemical properties of the resulting porous carbon materials were systematically investigated. The porous carbon material (KHCO3-GT-700) obtained through KHCO3activation followed by pyrolysis exhibits remarkably high specific surface area, large layer spacing, abundant defect sites, and a well-developed micro/mesoporous structure. Due to these favorable properties, this carbon anode shows impressive performance in both lithium/sodium ion batteries. As anodes for LIBs, KHCO3-GT-700 electrode exhibits a high capacity of 553 mAh g−1, exceptional multiplicity, and demonstrate excellent cycling stability with a longevity of 2000 cycles. As anodes for SIBs, the KHCO3-GT-700 electrode maintains a remarkable capacity of 211.5 mAh g−1after 100 cycles at 0.1 A g−1and exhibits outstanding cycle performance of 2000 cycles. We also conducted in-situXRD and ex-situSEM, TEM and XPS analyses to elucidate the correlation between the carbon microstructure and its lithium/sodium ion storage.

The dispersity of nonpolar nanoparticles (NPs) in water/ethanol mixed solvents was studied using molecular dynamics simulations. Based on the rule of “like dissolves like,” nonpolar NPs should be dispersed better in a solvent with a lower polarity. As the mole fraction of ethanol in a mixed solvent (R) increases from 0% (pure water) to 100% (pure ethanol), the polarity of the mixed solvent is indicated to decrease monotonically. However, the dispersity of nonpolar NP does not increase monotonically: it first decreases after the addition of a small fraction of ethanol (R< 8.0%) and then markedly increases as Rfurther grows. When there is a small amount of ethanol, the ethanol molecules around aggregated NPs tend to simultaneously make contact with multiple NPs, which can increase the tendency of NP aggregation. Furthermore, with a considerable ethanol ratio, the interaction of the solvent with NPs becomes notably strong, which facilitates the dissolution of NPs. Our findings may help to better understand the mechanism of dispersion of NPs in mixed solvents and may provide a useful precipitation technology for NP production.

With the vigorous promotion of renewable energy and clean energy, the research of sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) in secondary batteries has been fully developed in recent years, in which the hard carbon (HC) material as the anode of SIBs stands out. HC as SIBs have received a lot of attention and postgraduate students because of its green, economic and easy to obtain, but at the same time along with the fatal problem of HC as SIBs is that the first coulombic efficiency is too low, thus affecting its capacity, which leads to a large part of the reason for the lower is the generation of the solid electrolyte interface membrane, referred to as the SEI membrane. Therefore, this paper focuses on the formation mechanism of SEI membrane and its influence and the various methods to improve SEI membrane in recent years with SEI membrane as the core, and discusses the reasons for the insufficient membrane formation of SEI membrane and its corresponding mechanistic explanation. The research done in recent years to break the SEI membrane is further elaborated in terms of the influence of electrolyte system, external factors (temperature, heating rate, precursor treatment, surface functionalization) and external modifications (surface coating, self-assembly technology), which provides effective ideas for better control of SEI membrane formation in the future. Furthermore, a brief overview is provided on the existing obstacles faced by HC as SIBs and the potential future prospects of HC for broader implementation in SIBs.

Under the basic national policy of sustainable green development, high-performance and low-cost energy storage devices are urgently needed for intermittent generation of clean energy and storage of electrical energy. Zn metal with high capacity, abundant reserves and excellent plasticity, but the inevitable side reactions of the Zn metal anode itself have severely limited the development of aqueous Zn ion batteries (AZIBs) in the market. In this study, an artificial protective layer of polymer-derived carbon material combined with Sn is prepared to inhibit hydrogen precipitation and corrosion and prolong the lifetime of AZIBs. With these advantages, the Zn@Sn@N doped carbon (Zn@CNS) symmetric cell could achieve a stable cycle life of 1000 h at 2 mA cm−2and low overpotential. The excellent stripping life of over 400 h is achieved in half-cells assembled with Cu foils. Furthermore, the α-MnO2//Zn@CNS full battery shows superior stability in rate capability and long-term capacity retention compared to the α-MnO2//Zn battery, indicating that the CNS coating provides excellent performance and practical value.

This paper proposes a multi-stage robust optimization method for battery energy storage (BES) scheduling, considering high-dimensional uncertainties associated with distributed renewable energy sources. To guarantee multi-stage operation security, all possible realizations of uncertainties should be considered as infinite constraints, which will make the problem not tractable in general. To tackle this issue, a decomposition-based solution method is proposed in this paper. The main idea is to decompose the uncertainty set as the sum of several small uncertainty sets (each for one BES). Then, the solution of the original complex problem can be obtained by tackling several relatively independent sub-problems, each of which corresponds to only one BES and one decomposed uncertainty set. The proposed decomposition rule is straightforward to implement, achieving high computational efficiency. Besides, unlike the conventional robust optimization method that relies on explicitly affine decision rules, the decision policy of the proposed method is not limited to linear functions. When uncertainties are observed, decisions are adaptively optimized by solving a simple programming. In this way, the optimality of the dispatch decision is improved. Extensive case studies are tested on a realistic microgrid, the IEEE 33-bus system, and the IEEE 69-bus system. Results show that compared with existing robust optimization methods, the average operation cost is reduced by about 3.23 %–5.80 % by using the proposed method.

As the key material in aqueous zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs), the cathode material can mitigate the large coulombic interaction force generated after Zn2+(de)intercalation and provide fast reaction kinetics, so exploring the suitable cathode material is the first key issue for ZIBs to face the market. Currently, many reports have been published about polyoxometalates (POMs) with multi-electron transfer capability because their polyanionic three-dimensional skeleton acts as an electron/ion sponge, which is structurally stable during redox processes and facilitates the fast migration of Zn2+. However, nanosized heteropolyvanadates (hetero-POVs) have not yet been reported for use as cathodes in ZIBs. Herein, we first propose the dehydrated nanosized hetero-POVs K7MnV13O38(KMVO NPs-200) as a host material to store Zn2+, which provides a discharge specific capacity of about 150 mAh g−1at 0.1 A g−1and satisfactory long-term life retaining over 91.2 % capacity at 1.0 A g−1after 1000 cycles. The fast kinetics of KMVO NPs-200 were verified by pseudocapacitive analysis, galvanostatic intermittent titration technique and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Furthermore, the ex-situmeasurements revealed that the heteropolyanion [MnV13O38]7−is a stable skeleton and the V centers in KMVO NPs-200 are the main active sites. This work enriches the hetero-POVs cathode chemistry of ZIBs.

Daytime radiative cooling materials exhibit huge potential for sustainable development, which can reflect sunlight and radiate heat to outer space in the main atmospheric window without energy consumption. Recently, polymer-based nanofiber membranes have been fabricated for radiative cooling, because of their easy processing and ideal optical performance. However, there exist big challenges in fabricating low-cost and environmentally friendly daytime radiative cooling materials for large-scale practical applications. In this work, we demonstrate a novel poly(vinyl alcohol)@silica (PVA@SiO2) composite membrane via typical electrospinning technology and a simple coating process. The resultant composite membrane exhibits spectral selectivity with high sunlight reflectance of ∼95.0 % as well as a mid-infrared emissivity of ∼90.2 %, UV protection, and hydrophobicity, endowing its excellent daytime radiative cooling effect with a temperature drop of ∼8.0 °C. The as-obtained membranes exhibit some promising future for the potential large-scale application of radiative cooling technology for energy savings.

This study successfully developed a simple, specific, and ultrasensitive electrochemical aptasensor based on a label-free strategy for detecting citrinin (CIT). The NH2–Fe-MOF nanomaterial has a large specific surface area, good biocompatibility, a simple preparation method, and low synthesis cost, so it was chosen as the aptamer's loading platform to improve the detection performance of the sensor. When CIT is present, the aptamer will specifically bind to it with a conformational change that prevents electron transfer to the electrode surface. Based on this, CIT could be quantitatively detected by measuring the change of differential pulse voltammetric (DPV) responses of the [Fe(CN)6]3−/4−peak current. Under optimized experimental conditions, the proposed aptasensor showed a low detection limit of 4.52 × 10−11g mL−1and a wide linear range of 0.1 to 1 × 104ng mL−1. Furthermore, the proposed aptasensor shows excellent selectivity, reliable stability, and significant potential for the ultrasensitive detection of CIT in practical applications.

Li3VO4 is a potential intercalation kind anode used in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) that exhibits more safer discharge voltage and higher capacity than graphite, a lower voltage plateau than Li4Ti5O12, and smaller volume difference in the Li + intercalation/deintercalation process than metals and alloys. However, the comparatively low electronic conductivity, low initial coulombic efficiency (ICE) and serious capacity decay make the Li3VO4 anode unviable when it comes to practical implementation. Therefore, this paper reviews the research progress of Li3VO4 in recent years, mainly including the strategies of developing different synthesis methods to construct unique morphology, through coating, compositing or elemental doping to increase the ICE, electronic conductivity and the cycle constancy. Moreover, the application of Li3VO4 anode materials in other energy storage systems is summarized. Lastly, the development prospect and challenge of Li3VO4 anodes are discussed. [Display omitted] • Main synthesis methods are summarized and analyzed. • Surface coating can improve the electronic conductivity and maintain structural stability. • Composite structure can increase the structure stability and the electronic conductivity of Li 3 VO 4. • Elemental doping can improve the electronic conductivity of Li 3 VO 4. Among the various anodes, Li 3 VO 4 is a potential intercalation kind anode used in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) that exhibits safer discharge voltage and higher capacity than graphite, a lower voltage plateau than Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 , and smaller volume difference in the Li+ intercalation/deintercalation process than metals and alloys. However, the comparatively low electronic conductivity, low initial coulombic efficiency (ICE) and serious capacity decay make the Li 3 VO 4 anode unviable when it comes to practical implementation. Therefore, this paper reviews the research progress of Li 3 VO 4 in recent years, mainly including the strategies of developing different synthesis methods to construct unique morphology, through coating, compositing or elemental doping to increase the ICE, electronic conductivity and the cycle constancy. Moreover, the application of Li 3 VO 4 anode materials in other energy storage systems is summarized. Lastly, the development prospect and challenge of Li 3 VO 4 anodes are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Molybdenum diselenide (MoSe2) has been considered as promising electrocatalysts for catalyzing the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) due to its narrow band gap and appropriate adsorption free energy. However, its catalytic performance is still impeded by inferior electrical conductivity and insufficient active sites, thus leading to unsatisfactory HER performance. Herein, MoSe2@N-doped carbon (NC) hollow nanoflowers with interfacial Mo–N–C bonds were controllably fabricated through the in situselenization of the self-polymerized Mo–polydopamine precursor. Benefiting from the unique hollow structure, NC protective layer, and intimate interfacial interaction, the optimal MoSe2@NC displays good HER performance with low overpotentials (175 and 183 mV) and long-term stability (up to 12 h at −10 mA cm–2) in 0.5 M H2SO4and 1.0 M KOH solutions, respectively. The theoretical results show that Mo–N–C bonds at the interface of MoSe2@NC give rise to relatively low unoccupied egorbital density of states and ideal H2adsorption free energy. This work presented here highlights the critical role of interfacial chemical bonds in regulating the electronic structure of nanomaterials and further improving the HER performance.

Skin injury is a common health problem worldwide, and the highly complex healing process poses critical challenges for its management. Therefore, wound dressings with salutary effects are urgently needed for wound care. However, traditional wound dressing with a single function often fails to meet the needs of wound repair, and the integration of multiple functions has been required for wound repair. Herein, Cu2+‐chelated epigallocatechin gallate nanoparticles (EAC NPs), with radical scavenging, inflammation relieving, bacteria restraining, and vascularization accelerating capacities, are adopted to functionalize collagen scaffold, aiming to promote wound healing. Radical scavenging experiments verify that EAC NPs could efficiently scavenge radicals. Additionally, EAC NPs could effectively remove Escherichia coliand Staphylococcus aureus. H2O2stimuli‐responsive EAC NPs show slow and sustained release properties of Cu2+. Furthermore, EAC NPs exhibit protective effects against H2O2‐induced oxidative‐stress damage and anti‐inflammatory activity in vivo. Physicochemical characterizations show that the introduction of EAC NPs does not disrupt the gelation behavior of collagen, and the composite scaffolds (CS) remain porous structure similar to collagen scaffold. Animal experiments demonstrate that CS could promote wound healing through improving the thickness of renascent epidermis and number of new vessels. CS with multiple salutary functions is a promising dressing for wound care. Collagen composite scaffolds (CS) functionalized by epigallocatechin gallate‐based cupric ion‐controlled release nanoparticles are developed as wound dressings for skin injury. CS could effectively scavenge radicals, relieve inflammation, restrain bacteria, and accelerate vascularization, improving the complex adverse microenvironment and promoting wound repair in vivo, which is a promising novel multifunctional wound dressing.

As a carbon-free storage medium, hydrogen has advantages in large-scale and long-term energy shifting, thereby mitigating the seasonal imbalance between energy supply and demands. By integrating hydrogen, electricity, heating and cooling, the hydrogen-enabled multi-energy microgrid (HMM) provides a desirable test bed for decarbonizing the energy and power systems. In this paper, we study the networked HMMs operation planning (NHOP) that optimizes the multi-timescale synergy of seasonal and short-term energy storage. To hedge against the complex demand–supply uncertainties (e.g., seasonal fluctuation and hourly variation of renewable power generation and energy demands), the NHOP problem is recast as a multistage stochastic mixed-integer program (MS-MIP). Moreover, to overcome the computational challenges, a nested decomposition algorithm based on stochastic dual dynamic integer programming (SDDiP) is tailored and implemented. Case studies on a 33-bus test network with multiple HMMs demonstrate the economic benefits of our operation planning strategy. The proposed NHOP model can well capture the seasonal and intra-day dynamics of multi-type storage operation, which helps improve the cost-benefits under versatile practical situations. Also, the customized SDDiP algorithm shows a strong scalable capacity for efficiently computing large-scale MS-MIPs.

The role of n → π* orbital interactions in the rotational pathway and barrier of biaryl-based molecular rotors was elucidated through a combined experimental and computational study. The n → π* interaction in the transition state can lead to the acceleration of rotors. The competition between the n → π* interaction and hydrogen bonding further enabled the reversal of the pathway and greasing/braking the rotor in response to acid/base stimuli, thereby creating a switchable molecular rotor.

Discovering novel families of molecular polyhedra through graph theory has attracted increasing interest. Nevertheless, the design principles of molecular polyhedra based on graph theory remain elusive, especially for those containing five-node units. Herein, we construct a series of chiral truncated face-rotating polyhedra (T-FRP) from pentagonal pentaphenylpyrrole (PPP) derivatives and chiral diamines. Graph theory is used to elucidate the geometry of these novel T-FRP, which represent a new family of molecular polyhedra. The phenyl flipping of PPP faces in these T-FRPis significantly restricted, thus making T-FRPchiral and strongly emissive in solution. In addition, T-FRPalso generate circularly polarized luminescence. This study provides new insights into the rational design of novel molecular polyhedra through graph theory.

The low electronic conductivity of spinel-structured Li4Ti5O12could be improved by introducing CuV2O6. Herein, several Li4Ti5O12/CuV2O6composites with different CuV2O6contents have been successfully prepared by a facile liquid-phase dispersion technique. The amount of CuV2O6in composites is shown to affect the particle size and electrochemical performances of Li4Ti5O12. The Li4Ti5O12/CuV2O6composite prepared with a 5 wt % CuV2O6content (referred to as 5 wt % Li4Ti5O12/CuV2O6) exhibits the best electrochemical performances among all the Li4Ti5O12/CuV2O6composites. The initial discharge/charge capacities of the 5 wt % Li4Ti5O12/CuV2O6composite reach 241.1/199.8 mAh g–1and retain at 136.8/135.7 mAh g–1over 500 cycles at 30 mA g–1between 1.0 and 3.0 V. In addition, initial discharge/charge capacities of the 5 wt % Li4Ti5O12/CuV2O6composite amount to 129.8/90.5 mAh g–1even at 1200 mA g–1with maintained discharge/charge capacities of 71.1/71.1 mAh g–1over 2500 cycles, which are superior to the pristine Li4Ti5O12in all cases. The detailed electrode kinetic analysis reveals that the introduction of the CuV2O6phase can enhance the lithium-ion transferring rate and cycling stability of Li4Ti5O12. The enhanced lithium-storage mechanism of the 5 wt % Li4Ti5O12/CuV2O6composite is clarified by in situX-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The acquired data confirms that in situformation of small amounts of metallic Cu during discharge/charge processes highly enhance the electronic conductivity and decreases the charge–transfer resistance of Li4Ti5O12. In sum, the as-obtained 5 wt % Li4Ti5O12/CuV2O6composite has potential for future construction of high-rate and long-lifespan anode materials for Li-ion batteries. The work also provides an innovative route to improve electrochemical performances of Li4Ti5O12.

Background: The liver is one of the major organ involved in drug metabolism. Cytochrome P450s are predominantly involved in drug metabolism. A wide range of CYPs have been reported in the liver which have been involved in its normal as well as in diseased conditions. Doxorubicin, one of the most potent chemotherapeutic drugs, although highly efficacious, also has adverse side effects, with its targets being liver and cardiac tissue. Objective: The study aims to evaluate the reversal potentials of berberine on Doxorubicin induced cyp conversion. Methodology: In the present study, the interplay between anti-oxidants, cytochrome and inflammatory markers in DOX induced liver toxicity and its possible reversal by berberine was ascertained. Results: DOX administration significantly elevated serum as well as tissue stress, which was reverted by berberine treatment. A similar response was observed in tissue inflammatory mediators as well as in serum cytokine levels. Most profound reduction in the cytochrome expression was found in Cyp 2B1, 2B2, and 2E1. However, 2C1, 2C6, and 3A1 although showed a decline, but it did not revert the expression back to control levels. Conclusion: It could be concluded that berberine may be an efficient anti-oxidant and immune modulator. It possesses low to moderate cytochrome modulatory potentials.

Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) has proven to be a powerful analytical tool for the characterization of modified ribonucleic acids (RNAs). The typical approach for analyzing modified nucleosides within RNA sequences by mass spectrometry involves ribonuclease digestion followed by LC-MS/MS analysis and data interpretation. Here we describe a new software tool, RNAModMapper (RAMM), to assist in the interpretation of LC-MS/MS data. RAMM is a stand-alone package that requires user-submitted DNA or RNA sequences to create a local database against which collision-induced dissociation (CID) data of modified oligonucleotides can be compared. RAMM can interpret MS/MS data containing modified nucleosides in two modes: fixed and variable. In addition, RAMM can also utilize interpreted MS/MS data for RNA modification mapping back against the input sequence(s). The applicability of RAMM was first tested using total tRNA isolated from Escherichia coli. It was then applied to map modifications found in 16S and 23S rRNA from Streptomyces griseus.

Although vanadium-based compounds possess several advantageous characteristics, such as multivalency, open structure, and high theoretical specific capacity, which render them highly promising candidates for cathode materials in aqueous zinc ion batteries (AZIBs), their large-scale application still necessitates addressing the challenges posed by slow kinetics resulting from low conductivity and capacity degradation caused by material dissolution. Therefore, we have successfully synthesized high-purity mixed multivalent (NH4)8[VIV12VV7O41(OH)9]·11H2O (NVO) crystalline materials via a liquid-phase precipitation modulation method and employed it as an innovative AZIB cathode material for the first time. It exhibits a remarkable reversible specific capacity of 240 and 102.2 mAh g–1after undergoing 1000 cycles at current densities of 1 and 5 A g–1, respectively, highlighting its exceptional cycling stability and electrochemical performance. The results from cyclic voltammetry (CV) and GITT tests demonstrate that the dominant factor influencing the charge storage is the pseudocapacitive behavior, which is accompanied by an exceptionally high diffusion coefficient of Zn2+at a rate of 10–10cm2s–1. The highly reversible intercalation-deintercalation of Zn2+in NVO/Zn cells is demonstrated through ex-situTEM, XRD, and XPS analyses. This work provides a benchmark for the development of high-performance POV electrode materials.

Multiphase Pickering emulsions, including two or more active agents, are of great importance to effectively manage complicated wounds. However, current strategies based on Pickering emulsions are still unsatisfying since they involve only stabilization by inactive particles and encapsulation of the hydrophobic drugs in the oil phase. Herein, thyme essential oil (TEO) was encapsulated in the shell of functional tea polyphenol (TP)-curcumin (Cur) nanoparticles (TC NPs) to exemplarily develop a novel Pickering emulsion (TEO/TC PE). Hydrophobic Cur was loaded with hydrophilic TP to obtain TC NPs, and under homogenization, these TC NPs adsorbed on the surface of TEO droplets to form a stable core–shell structure. Owing to such an oil-in-water (O/W) structure, the sequential release of the first Cur from pH-responsive disintegrated TC NPs and then the leaked TEO from the emulsion yielded synergetic functions of TEO/TC PE, leading to enhanced antibacterial, biofilm elimination, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities. This injectable TEO/TC PE was applied to treat the infected full-thickness skin defects, and satisfactory wound healing effects were achieved with rapid angiogenesis, collagen deposition, and skin regeneration. The present TEO/TC PE constituted entirely of plant-sourced active products is biosafe and expected to spearhead the future development of novel wound dressings.

Transition metal selenides have received considerable attention as promising candidates for lithium-ion battery (LIB) anode materials due to their high theoretical capacity and safety characteristics. However, their commercial viability is hampered by insufficient conductivity and volumetric fluctuations during cycling. To address these issues, we have utilized bimetallic metal–organic frameworks to fabricate CoNiSe2/C nanodecahedral composites with a high specific surface area, abundant pore structures, and a surface-coated layer of the carbon-based matrix. The optimized material, CoNiSe2/C-700, exhibited impressive Li+storage performance with an initial discharge specific capacity of 2125.5 mA h g–1at 0.1 A g–1and a Coulombic efficiency of 98% over cycles. Even after 1000 cycles at 1.0 A g–1, a reversible discharge specific capacity of 549.9 mA h g–1was achieved. The research highlights the synergistic effect of bimetallic selenides, well-defined nanodecahedral structures, stable carbon networks, and the formation of smaller particles during initial cycling, all of which contribute to improved electronic performance, reduced volume change, increased Li+storage active sites, and shorter Li+diffusion paths. In addition, the pseudocapacitance behavior contributes significantly to the high energy storage of Li+. These features facilitate rapid charge transfer and help maintain a stable solid–electrolyte interphase layer, which ultimately leads to an excellent electrochemical performance. This work provides a viable approach for fabricating bimetallic selenides as anode materials for high-performance LIBs through architectural engineering and compositional tailoring.

Conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs) have attracted considerable attention as potential organic anode materials for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) due to their flexible chemical structure, high porosity, environmental friendliness, and cost effectiveness. However, the inherent shortcomings of organic electrodes, such as low conductivity, high solubility in electrolyte, narrow material utilization, etc., limit their further development. In this work, we successfully prepared a novel porous polyimide PPD containing multicarbonyl active centers via the polycondensation of pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA) and 2,6-diaminoanthraquinone (DAAQ). The stable conjugated structure and multiple redox centers give the polymer high reversible specific capacity (244.6 mAh/g after 100 cycles at 100 mA/g), ultra-long cycle stability (100.7 mAh/g after 2000 cycles at 1.0 A/g), and predominant rate capability. Meanwhile, the sodium storage mechanism of the electrode materials during the charging and discharging process is investigated by ex-situXPS/SEM analysis. Due to the exceptional electrochemical properties and simple synthesis method, this work may shed light on the preparation of polyimide-based anodes for high specific capacity and rate capability secondary batteries.

Passive radiative cooling technology without electric consumption is an emerging sustainability technology that plays a key role in advancing sustainable development. However, most radiative cooling materials are vulnerable to outdoor contamination and thermal/UV exposure, which leads to decreased performance. Herein, we report a hierarchically structured polyimide/zinc oxide (PINF/ZnO) composite membrane that integrates sunlight reflectance of 91.4% in the main thermal effect of the solar spectrum (0.78–1.1 μm), the mid-infrared emissivity of 90.0% (8–13 μm), UV shielding performance, thermal resistance, and ideal hydrophobicity. The comprehensive performance enables the composite membrane to yield a temperature drop of ∼9.3 °C, compared to the air temperature, under the peak solar irradiance of ∼800 W m–2. In addition, the temperature drop of as-obtained composite membranes after heating at 200 °C for 6 h in a nitrogen/air atmosphere can be well maintained at ∼9.0 °C, demonstrating their ideal radiative cooling effect in a high-temperature environment. Additionally, the PINF/ZnO composite membrane shows excellent chemical durability after exposure to the outdoor environment. This work provides a new strategy to integrate chemical durability and thermal resistance with radiative cooling, presenting great potential for passive radiative cooling materials toward practical applications in harsh environments.

Carbonyl compounds, known for their high theoretical capacity and chemical stability, represent an important class of organic electrode materials (OEMs) that have attracted considerable research interest. Nevertheless, issues such as limited electrical conductivity and remarkable solubility in organic electrolytes have hindered the rate capability and long-term stability of lithium/sodium ion batteries (LIBs/SIBs), thereby constraining their broader utilization. This research focuses on poly(2,5-dihydroxyterephthalic acid) (PDHTA), a polymer synthesized through the condensation polymerization of 2,5-dihydroxyterephthalic acid (DHTA) and formaldehyde. The resultant polymer exhibits an interlayer structure characterized by increased crystallinity and thermal resilience, positioning it as a promising candidate for anode applications in LIBs/SIBs. In LIBs, PDHTA demonstrates a discharge capacity of 180 mAh g−1after 200 cycles at 50 mA g−1, exceeding the intrinsic capacity of DHTA of 106 mAh g−1. Notably, it maintains a consistent reversible capacity of 68 mAh g−1even at 480 mA g−1. Furthermore, when used as an anode in SIBs, PDHTA achieves a discharge capacity of 81.5 mAh g−1after 1000 cycles at 50 mA g−1. Detailed analyses shed light on the Li+storage mechanism involving the carboxylic carbonyl enolization reaction, which facilitates reversible Li+intercalation and deintercalation for efficient charge-discharge cycling. This molecular design strategy for OEMs represents a compelling pathway to state-of-the-art sustainable energy storage systems.

Iodine radioisotopes, produced or released during nuclear-related activities, severely affect human health and the environment. The efficient removal of radioiodine from both aqueous and vapor phases is crucial for the sustainable development of nuclear energy. In this study, we propose an “N-heteroatom engineering” strategy to design three porous organic cages with N-containing functional groups for efficient iodine capture. Among the molecular cages investigated, FT-Cage incorporating tertiary amine groups and RT-Cage with secondary amine groups show higher adsorption capacity and much faster iodine release compared to IT-Cage with imine groups. Detailed investigations demonstrate the superiority of amine groups, along with the influence of crystal structures and porosity, for iodine capture. These findings provide valuable insights for the design of porous organic cages with enhanced capabilities for capturing iodine.