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Abstract: Mathematical texts can be computerized in many ways that capture differing amounts of the mathematical meaning. At one end, there is document imaging, which captures the arrangement of black marks on paper, while at the other end there are proof assistants (e.g., Mizar, Isabelle, Coq, etc.), which capture the full mathematical meaning and have proofs expressed in a formal foundation of mathematics. In between, there are computer typesetting systems (e.g., ▪ and Presentation MathML) and semantically oriented systems (e.g., Content MathML, OpenMath, OMDoc, etc.). The MathLang project was initiated in 2000 by Fairouz Kamareddine and Joe Wells with the aim of developing an approach for computerizing mathematical texts and knowledge which is flexible enough to connect the different approaches to computerization, which allows various degrees of formalization, and which is compatible with different logical frameworks (e.g., set theory, category theory, type theory, etc.) and proof systems. The approach is embodied in a computer representation, which we call MathLang, and associated software tools, which are being developed by ongoing work. Three Ph.D. students (Manuel Maarek (2002/2007), Krzysztof Retel (since 2004), and Robert Lamar (since 2006)) and over a dozen master''s degree and undergraduate students have worked on MathLang. The project''s progress and design choices are driven by the needs for computerizing real representative mathematical texts chosen from various branches of mathematics. Currently, MathLang supports entry of mathematical text either in an XML format or using the ▪ editor. Methods are provided for adding, checking, and displaying various information aspects. One aspect is a kind of weak type system that assigns categories (term, statement, noun (class), adjective (class modifier), etc.) to parts of the text, deals with binding names to meanings, and checks that a kind of grammatical sense is maintained. Another aspect allows weaving together mathematical meaning and visual presentation and can associate natural language text with its mathematical meaning. Another aspect allows identifying chunks of text, marking their roles (theorem, definition, explanation, example, section, etc.), and indicating relationships between the chunks (A uses B, A contradicts B, A follows from B, etc.). Software tool support can use this aspect to check and explain the overall logical structure of a text. Further aspects are being designed to allow adding additional formality to a text such as proof structure and details of how a human-readable proof is encoded into a fully formalized version (so far this has only been done for Mizar and started for Isabelle). A number of mathematical texts have been computerized, helping with the development of these aspects, and indicating what additional work is needed for the future. This paper surveys the past and future work of the MathLang project. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The article offers tips on three dimensional (3D) typesetting. It offers a basic example of 3D modeling. It suggests a way to pick a letter out of a video scene. It cites the advantage of a 3D title that is properly designed.

The article discusses the development of electronic alphabet and its impact on the print industry in Great Britain. The creation of electronic alphabet has been a great challenge to the developers of communication and computing devices to create a system that could enable machines to recognize typefaces and handwriting. Timothy Epps of the National Physical Laboratory identified three possible approaches on the problem such as building machines for text recognition and develop characters symbols to be recognized by humans and another is creating machines capable of recognizing different typefaces and styles of writing. Wim Crouwel, a type designer, proposes an experimental New Alphabet that consist of radical simplified letterforms with the idea of case sensitivity and orthography.

The article provides tips on how to merge data and other information resources in the computer. Microsoft Word's data-merging tools help automate the process of making letters and promotional pieces of a business enterprise. The key to merging data in Microsoft Word 2004 is the Data Merge Manager palette. To create a simple form-letter to advertise an upcoming event, First create a new blank document in Word and choose Tools: Data Merge Manager to open the palette containing Word's merge tools. Click on the Main Document disclosure triangle and then choose Form Letters from the Create pop-up menu. Type the letter into the Word document.

Provides tips on how to create a holiday newsletter. Benefits of following the editing and typesetting rules; Importance of dividing the page; Emphasis on focusing one's attention to details; Advantages of checking one's work. INSET: Choose fonts wisely..

This essay explores the textual dimensioning of haiku using the computer technology. Acknowledgment of the author on the adoption of the new technology as opportunities to haiku poet; Fascination of the author on the outcome of haiku applied with word processing tools; Sample sequence of inlay poem with the new technology.

The author offers his thoughts on some of his personal choice among word processors. He said that OpenOffice and NeoOffice include presentation modules that work well with PowerPoint. He also said that Google Docs lets a computer user to create, collaborate on, and display presentations over the Web. He also said that Adobe Photoshop is effective in creating text slides.

The article shows the two main ways to create styles and how to modify existing ones using the Microsoft Word 2007 software. Users should think about what kind of styles they will create and how they are going to use them so they can come up with consistent naming scheme. It presents the ways to use formatted text to create style. To create new styles, users should click in an area that has the Normal style applied and then open the Styles Pane and click the New Style button. Users can specify how the new style will be displayed and where it will be available through the two checkboxes and a pair of radio buttons.

This article provides information on the types of indents in the Corel WordPerfect 11. The three most common types are single indent, double indent and hanging indent. The single indent shifts every line within that paragraph to the next tab setting, which is common when beginning a new paragraph. The double indent brings in the paragraph one tab setting from both side margins, which is a good choice for particularly long or important text. A hanging indent moves all but the first line in by half an inch.

This section presents the opinion of "MacAddict" staff on what invention they cannot live without. Roman Loyola says he cannot live without aglets. Sean Molloy's invention of choice is the Microsoft Word. He argues that he would not know what to do if someone presented him with a typewriter and forced him to write in a linear, beginning-to-end fashion. Peter Marshutz says he would be broke, bored and lonely if not for eyeglasses and contact lenses. Jake Widman argues that the ATM is the most significant invention of the past 30 years.

The article reviews the StarOffice 8 office suite from Sun Microsystems.

Describes the process of computer pre-press in printing. Computer layouting; Development of proofs; Doing of artwork; Process color separation; Changing of art into a series of digital signals through high-speed scanners; Printing of the work.

Discusses solutions to various problems concerning font management on the Macintosh computer. Four types of font-related files on the Macintosh computer; Adobe font library; Quark PS Utilities; Font-listing utilities; Fonts' failure to display correctly on-screen; Font-management utilities.

The Design Science Inc. has released MathType 3.5, a math typesetting software for Windows and Macintosh. MathType is better known as the version of the Equation Editor included in Microsoft Word, Works and PowerPoint, Corel WordPerfect 8, ClarisWorks 5.0, and other applications. MathType 3.5 features anti-aliasing algorithms, which allow for the creation of GIF equations for Web pages.