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The article discusses the missionary evangelization of the indigenous peoples of America by the Catholic Church in the period between the mid-1500s and the early 1600s, with a focus on the administration of the sacraments, such as baptism, the eucharist, confession, and marriage. Topics discussed include the religious perspectives put forth by the works "De produranda indorum salute," of Jesuit author Jose de Acosta, "De las costumbres y conversion de los indios del Peru," written by priest Bartholome Alvarez, and "Itinerario para parrocos de indios," by Alonso de la Pena Montenegro.