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Superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) have enabled the realization of several quantum optics technologies thanks to their high system detection efficiency (SDE), low dark counts, and fast recovery time. However, the widespread use of linear optical quantum computing, quasi-deterministic single-photon sources, and quantum repeaters requires even faster detectors that can also distinguish between different photon-number states. Here, we present an SNSPD array composed of 14 independent pixels, achieving an SDE of 90% in the telecommunications band. By reading each pixel of the array independently, we show detection of telecommunication photons at 1.5 GHz with 45% absolute SDE. We exploit the dynamic photon-number resolution of the array to demonstrate accurate state reconstruction for a wide range of light inputs, including operation with long-duration light pulses, as obtained with some cavity-based sources. We show two-photon and three-photon fidelities of 74% and 57%, respectively, which represent state-of-the-art results for fiber-coupled SNSPDs.

Quantum key distribution has emerged as the most viable scheme to guarantee information security in the presence of large-scale quantum computers and, thanks to the continuous progress made in the past 20 years, it is now commercially available. However, the secret key rates remain limited to just over 10 Mbps due to several bottlenecks on the receiver side. Here we present a custom multipixel superconducting nanowire single-photon detector that is designed to guarantee high count rates and precise timing discrimination. Leveraging the performance of the detector and coupling it to fast acquisition and real-time key distillation electronics, we remove two major roadblocks and achieve a considerable increase of the secret key rates with respect to the state of the art. In combination with a simple 2.5-GHz clocked time-bin quantum key distribution system, we can generate secret keys at a rate of 64 Mbps over a distance of 10.0 km and at a rate of 3.0 Mbps over a distance of 102.4 km with real-time key distillation.

•L’exercice de la pharmacie clinique est hétérogène dans une sélection de quatre hôpitaux universitaires de la francophonie.•La dotation plus élevée en pharmaciens hospitaliers au Canada découle d’obligations juridiques reliées à l’exercice de la pharmacie et qui sont inscrites dans la loi, les règlements et les standards de pratique.•L’étude met en évidence une différence de couverture des patientèles hospitalisées avec deux approches en cas de couverture partielle : celle de couvrir un maximum de lits avec un niveau restreint d’activités de pharmacie clinique ou de déployer une activité de pharmacie clinique répondant aux enjeux de parcours des patients sur un nombre de lits plus restreint.•Ce travail met en évidence l’intérêt d’échanger sur les pratiques pharmaceutiques entre pays.

ObjectivesNon-adherence to anti-infective therapy contributes to treatment failure and the emergence of bacterial resistance. This study aimed to assess at-home adherence, by paediatric patients, to oral anti-infective (OAI) therapy prescribed for treatment of acute infections and to explore the factors contributing to non-adherence.MethodsThis prospective descriptive study involved French-speaking patients under 16 years of age who were discharged with one or more OAIs prescribed for home administration for a maximum of 30 days. Telephone surveys were used to assess overall adherence, which consisted of primary adherence (patient’s ability to procure the medication) and secondary adherence (patient’s ability to take the treatment as prescribed).ResultsOverall, 51.7% (30/58) of patients were adherent to OAI therapy, with 100% primary adherence (n=69/69) and 51.7% secondary adherence (n=30/58). On average, patients took 98% of the total number of doses prescribed, and non-adherence was related mostly to not following medication administration schedules (63.3% of patients followed the exact schedule). Indeed, the adherence rate for patients taking one or two doses per day was twice the rate for patients taking more than two doses per day (81.8% vs 44.7%, p=0.043).ConclusionsHalf of the paediatric patients treated for acute infections were non-adherent to OAI therapy at home. Interventions are needed to improve this situation.

Depuis plus d’une décennie, le parcours de soins des patients recevant des médicaments spécialisés (i.e. coûteux, pour pathologies rares, nécessitant un suivi particulier exigé par l’autorité réglementaire ou comportant des modalités d’accès spécifiques) est modifié compte tenu de l’intervention de pharmacies de spécialités (PdS), en sus du pharmacien hospitalier et du pharmacien d’officine.

Weaning is one of the most stressful events for commercial pigs. The transition from mother’s milk (animal proteins) to a solid diet based on plant proteins, the reduction in lactose intake and the decline in HCl secretion by the digestive system of the piglet result in a sudden and significant increase in stomach pH as well as an increased risk of post-weaning diarrhea. The aim of this trial was to evaluate whether the use of a blend of medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) on top-off conventional nursery diets would improve zootechnical performance and intestinal problems in just-weaned piglets. Piglets [n = 624, 21-d of age, 6.5 kg body weight (BW), (♂ Fast Duroc x ♀ Fast 275)] were housed in 26 pens of an experimental nursery. Each pen (24 pigs/pen, with a starting density of 3.0 ft2/pig) was equipped with a height-adjustable water sucker, a water bowl and fitted with a single feeder-bin. Females and males were allocated to each pen, according to 3 BW categories (heavy, medium, and light). During a 46-d period of trial, the piglets (13 replicated pens per treatment) were allotted to a conventional 5 phases feeding program with 2 kg/MT of chlortetracycline (22%) and 400 g/MT of tiamuline (1.78%; CON). These basal diets contained 2,500 ppm Zn in Phases #1, 2, and only 2,000 ppm Zn in phase #3. Phases #1 to 3 were also supplemented with Ca-butyrate (1 kg/MT) and a blend of protected acidifiers (1 kg/MT). The treated group consisted to the basal diet (CON) supplemented with a blend of medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) at 1.0 or 0.75 kg/MT for Phases #1, 2,3 and Phases #4, 5, respectively and supplying of a proprietary blend of caprylic, capric, and lauric acids. Daily feed consumption, weekly pig pen BW, dead and removed pigs and daily diarrhea evaluation index were completed. Data are analyzed by an ANOVA model including treatment and pen as fixed and random effects, respectively. Pairwise comparisons were completed with a Chi-square test. The overall results are presented in Table 1. At the end of wk 2 and 3, animals receiving MCFAs had a better average daily gain (ADG; P< 0.05) than CON. Therefore, at wk 2, 3 and 4, MCFAs animals BW were heavier than CON ones (P< 0.05). Average daily feed intake (ADFI) was not significantly different for the overall duration of the trial (P> 0.05). However, at weeks 2 and 3, MCFAs piglets had a greater ADFI than CON ones (P< 0.05). The daily diarrhea index of the MCFAs group was less than CON at wk 3 (P< 0.05). In this trial, the significant improvement of diarrhea index on just-weaned MCFAs treated piglets could explain the significant better growth during the first 3 wk of nursery.

Recommendations discouraging high levels of physical activity and sports following unicompartmental (UKA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA) have been questioned in recent years. This scoping review aimed to summarize the literature examining the impact of physical activity level and sports participation on implant integrity and failure in patients following UKA and TKA.

AbstractThe Lake Saint-Pierre (LSP) is a wide (≈300 km2) and shallow (≈3 m) lake created through a widening of the St. Lawrence River. Each spring, freshet makes it the largest floodplain in the province of Quebec. Agricultural practices in the littoral increase the water turbidity, which deteriorate the habitat’s quality of many fish species. However, measuring spatio-temporal turbidity patterns in the LSP floodplain remain difficult because turbidity is highly variable in space and time. This study aims to evaluate the potential to use an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) to measure the water turbidity in the LSP’s floodplain. The results show that the UAV can efficiently measure the variation of turbidity in the LSP with a RMSE of 28.22 FNU. We also compared the turbidity retrieved from UAV with those retrieved from Sentinel-2 observations. The results show that the two models are comparable, even if Sentinel-2 yields better results. However, challenges remain when using UAV for turbidity monitoring, such as software limitations for mosaics creation over large water bodies. Nevertheless, the high spatial and temporal information can provide insights into the complex water turbidity patterns which characterize floodplains. The method could help land use management to improve the water quality of these ecosystems.

•Il existe peu de données traitant du rôle et de l’impact de la prise en charge de l’insomnie par un pharmacien.•Le pharmacien peut avoir un impact favorable sur la prise en charge de cette affection, particulièrement lorsqu’il exerce en pharmacie communautaire.•Cette revue de littérature a permis d’identifier huit articles publiés de 2006 à 2018 évaluant 14 types de paramètres et 41 paramètres distincts.

Background.Unrecognized visual deficits (VDs) following an acquired brain injury (ABI) may impact clients’ rehabilitation. Little is known about evaluation tools used in vision rehabilitation. Purpose.To systematically explore the literature describing evaluation tools used for VD on adults with ABI. Method.Using a scoping review methodology, we searched in MEDLINE(Ovid), Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and the grey literature from inception to 2020. Quantitative and thematic analyses were performed. Findings.Of the 83 studies reporting on 86 evaluation tools, 47% used multiple tools to assess VD. Tools were mostly used by occupational therapists and psychologists to evaluate intermediate, intermediate to high, and high-level visual skills. Clinicians tend to select specific tools that focus on different levels of the hierarchy of visual skills. Implications.Future research should investigate the optimal timeframe for assessment of VD and the psychometric properties of tools to ensure comprehensive VD evaluation.

The efficacy of convalescent plasma for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is unclear. Although most randomized controlled trials have shown negative results, uncontrolled studies have suggested that the antibody content could influence patient outcomes. We conducted an open-label, randomized controlled trial of convalescent plasma for adults with COVID-19 receiving oxygen within 12 d of respiratory symptom onset (NCT04348656). Patients were allocated 2:1 to 500 ml of convalescent plasma or standard of care. The composite primary outcome was intubation or death by 30 d. Exploratory analyses of the effect of convalescent plasma antibodies on the primary outcome was assessed by logistic regression. The trial was terminated at 78% of planned enrollment after meeting stopping criteria for futility. In total, 940 patients were randomized, and 921 patients were included in the intention-to-treat analysis. Intubation or death occurred in 199/614 (32.4%) patients in the convalescent plasma arm and 86/307 (28.0%) patients in the standard of care arm—relative risk (RR) = 1.16 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.94–1.43, P= 0.18). Patients in the convalescent plasma arm had more serious adverse events (33.4% versus 26.4%; RR = 1.27, 95% CI 1.02–1.57, P= 0.034). The antibody content significantly modulated the therapeutic effect of convalescent plasma. In multivariate analysis, each standardized log increase in neutralization or antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity independently reduced the potential harmful effect of plasma (odds ratio (OR) = 0.74, 95% CI 0.57–0.95 and OR = 0.66, 95% CI 0.50–0.87, respectively), whereas IgG against the full transmembrane spike protein increased it (OR = 1.53, 95% CI 1.14–2.05). Convalescent plasma did not reduce the risk of intubation or death at 30 d in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Transfusion of convalescent plasma with unfavorable antibody profiles could be associated with worse clinical outcomes compared to standard care.

Consumer demand is driving the swine industry to review the use of both antibiotic and ionophore-type antimicrobial agents in feed due to concerns of antimicrobial resistance. Additionally, when a feed mill is manufacturing feed for multiple species including those that are sensitive to ionophore contamination or toxicity such as horses, turkeys and game birds, additional vigilance is required which may deter use of ionophore-type antimicrobials in swine feed. Naturally, a large push has been toward the use of phytogenic additives that may also have some antimicrobial benefits. CAPS C2PG (Probiotech International Inc.) is a phytogenic feed additive comprised of a proprietary blend of spice oleoresins. The aim of this experiment was to evaluate CAPS C2PG as an alternative to the ionophore, salinomycin, in grow-finish pigs.Pigs (n = 1056 Improvest injected males) were housed in 48 pens distributed in 4 rooms (12 pens/room) of a compound building fully equipped with an automatic and computerized Gestal Feed system. Each pen (22 pigs/pen, with a starting density of 7.3 ft2/pig) was equipped with a single 2-space Crystal Spring feeder. During grow-finish (98.3 ± 0.6 days), pigs were allotted to three different treatments (16 repetitions/treatment): salinomycin (25 ppm; Sal.), CAPS C2PG (35 ppm; CAPS.), or a combination treatment (25 ppm Sal. + 35ppm CAPS C2PG; Sal. + CAPS.). Growth performances variables were measured with feed intake monitored per pen daily, and ADG assessed every 3 weeks based on pen weight. All dead or culled pigs were weighed upon removal. Data were analyzed by an ANOVA model (Statistix 8.0; Analytical Software, FL) including treatment and pen as fixed and random effects, respectively. Pairwise comparisons were completed with a Chi-square test. Results are presented in Table 1. There were no differences (P> 0.05) in any of the performance parameters measured throughout the grow-finish period. The lack of difference in performance variables of grow-finish pigs consuming Sal. versus CAPS. demonstrates the potential to substitute an antimicrobial ionophore-type with a phytogenic based on a blend of spice oleoresins. The lack of an additive effect of combining Sal. and CAPS. requires further investigation. With current CAD prices, 25 ppm of salinomycin are between CAD 1.75-2.00 per medicated tonne of feed, whereas 35 ppm of CAPS C2PG are about CAD 1.50 per supplemented tonne of feed. Thus, CAPS C2PG may be an economical and consumer-friendly option in grow-finish pig diets compared with salinomycin. Further research is warranted on the use of this product in other phases of pig production.

Plant based dietary ingredients contain non-starch polysaccharides (NSP). Both soluble and insoluble NSP may limit intestinal absorption and digestion of dietary nutrients along the intestinal tract of monogastric animals. Increased digesta viscosity also occurs, which results in satiety and potential health issues. DIGESTAWell XG (Probiotech International Inc.), a commercially available enzyme-based feed additive that contains increased endo-1,4-β-xylanase and endo-1,3(4)-β-glucanase activity, hydrolyzes NSP resulting in increased nutrient availability and digestibility. Therefore, it was hypothesized that nursery pigs consuming low net energy (NE) diets with DIGESTAWell XG will demonstrate similar growth performance as nursery pigs consuming greater NE diets. A 47-day trial was conducted with 21-day old nursery pigs (6.0 kg) allocated to three groups: control (CON), low energy (-56 kcal/kg feed; LE), and low energy + enzyme (LE+E). All groups had 13 pens of 28 pigs (n = 364), and received wheat and corn mix based diets that had a similar NSP content (11.4%). CON diets had greater NE (2,456 kcal/kg feed) relative to the LE and LE+E groups (2400 kcal/kg feed). The diet of the LE+E group was supplemented with DIGESTAWell XG at 0.22kg/Ton of feed. For each pen the daily feed intake, weekly weight, diarrhea index and mortality were recorded. Data were analyzed by an ANOVA model (Statistix 8.0; Analytical Software, FL) including treatment and pen as fixed and random effects, respectively, and a Chi-square test for pairwise differences. Compared with both CON and LE, LE+E increased (P< 0.05) average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) during weeks 4 to 7 and weeks 1 to 7, and significantly increased final weight (Table 1). During weeks 1 to 3, ADG and ADFI did not differ between CON and LE+E groups, and the LE+E group was significantly greater than LE. Over the entire period, LE impacted (P< 0.05) negatively the feed conversion ratio (FCR) compared with CON, however, during weeks 4-7 the LE+E had similar FCR compared with CON (P> 0.05). No significant effects were observed on mortality or diarrhea index. In conclusion, DIGESTAWell XG improves piglet performance when dietary NE content is decreased which may offer some formulation flexibility.

Lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) causing neurogenic claudication (NC) is increasingly common with an aging population and can be associated with significant symptoms and functional limitations. We developed this guideline to present the evidence and provide clinical recommendations on nonsurgical management of patients with LSS causing NC. Using the GRADE approach, a multidisciplinary guidelines panel based recommendations on evidence from a systematic review of randomized controlled trials and systematic reviews published through June 2019, or expert consensus. The literature monitored up to October 2020. Clinical outcomes evaluated included pain, disability, quality of life, and walking capacity. The target audience for this guideline includes all clinicians, and the target patient population includes adults with LSS (congenital and/or acquired, lateral recess or central canal, with or without low back pain, with or without spondylolisthesis) causing NC. The guidelines panel developed 6 recommendations based on randomized controlled trials and 5 others based on professional consensus, summarized in 3 overarching recommendations: (Grade: statements are all conditional/weak recommendations) Recommendation 1. For patients with LSS causing NC, clinicians and patients may initially select multimodal care nonpharmacological therapies with education, advice and lifestyle changes, behavioral change techniques in conjunction with home exercise, manual therapy, and/or rehabilitation (moderate-quality evidence), traditional acupuncture on a trial basis (very low-quality evidence), and postoperative rehabilitation (supervised program of exercises and/or educational materials encouraging activity) with cognitive-behavioral therapy 12 weeks postsurgery (low-quality evidence). Recommendation 2. In patients LSS causing NC, clinicians and patients may consider a trial of serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors or tricyclic antidepressants. (very low-quality evidence). Recommendation 3. For patients LSS causing NC, we recommend against the use of the following pharmacological therapies: nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, methylcobalamin, calcitonin, paracetamol, opioids, muscle relaxants, pregabalin (consensus-based), gabapentin (very low-quality), and epidural steroidal injections (high-quality evidence).

•L’éthique est au cœur de la pratique pharmaceutique.•Trente-cinq articles, portant sur l’évaluation de l’éthique en pharmacie, ont été identifiés.•Les principaux dilemmes éthiques observés portent sur la contraception orale d’urgence (COU), l’interruption volontaire de grossesse médicamenteuse (IVGM), l’euthanasie, aide médicale à mourir, les pratiques commerciales de l’industrie pharmaceutique, le refus de dispenser une ordonnance dans un contexte général, ainsi que le plagiat et la malhonnêteté universitaire.

Purpose: Lung deflation during one-lung ventilation (OLV) is thought to be faster using a double-lumen endotracheal tube (DL-ETT) than with a bronchial blocker, especially when the non-ventilated lumen is opened to allow egress of air from the operative lung. Nevertheless, ambient air can also be entrained into the non-ventilated lumen before pleural opening and subsequently delay deflation. We therefore hypothesized that occluding the non-ventilated DL-ETT lumen during OLV before pleural opening would prevent air entrainment and consequently enhance operative lung deflation during video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS). Methods: Thirty patients undergoing VATS using DL-ETT to allow OLV were randomized to having the lumen of the operative lung either open (control group) or occluded (intervention group) to ambient air. The primary outcome was the time to lung collapse evaluated intraoperatively by the surgeons. The T50, an index of rate of deflation, was also determined from a probabilistic model derived from intraoperative video clips presented in random order to three observers. Results: The median [interquartile range] time to lung deflation occurred faster in the intervention group than in the control group (24 [20–37] min vs54 [48–68] min, respectively; median difference, 30 min; 95% confidence interval [CI], 14 to 46; P&lt; 0.001). The estimated T50was 32.6 min in the intervention group compared with 62.3 min in the control group (difference, − 29.7 min; 95% CI, − 51.1 to − 8.4; P= 0.008). Conclusion: Operative lung deflation during OLV with a DL-ETT is faster when the operative lumen remains closed before pleural opening thus preventing it from entraining ambient air during the closed chest phase of OLV. Trial registration: www.clinicaltrials.gov(NCT03508050); registered 27 September 2017.

Purpose: Double-lumen endotracheal tubes (DL-ETT) and bronchial blockers (BB) are frequently used to allow one-lung ventilation (OLV) during video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS). Recently, faster lung collapse has been documented with a BB than with a DL-ETT. The physiologic mechanisms behind this faster collapse remained unknown. We aimed to measure ambient air absorption (Vresorb) and intra-bronchial pressure (Pairway) into the non-ventilated lung during OLV using DL-ETT and BB. Methods: Patients undergoing VATS and OLV for lung resection were randomly assigned to have measurements made of Vresorbor Pairwaywithin the non-ventilated lung using either a DL-ETT or BB. Results: Thirty-nine patients were included in the analyses. The mean (standard error of the mean [SEM]) Vresorbwas similar in the DL-ETT and BB groups [504 (85) vs630 (86) mL, respectively; mean difference, 126; 95% confidence interval [CI], -128 to 380; P= 0.31]. The mean (SEM) Pairwaybecame progressively negative in the non-ventilated lung in both the DL-ETT and the BB groups reaching [-20 (5) and -31 (10) cmH2O, respectively; mean difference, -11; 95% CI, -34 to 12; P= 0.44] at the time of the pleural opening. Conclusions: During OLV before pleural opening, entrainment of ambient air into the non-ventilated lung occurs when the lumen of the lung isolation device is kept open. This phenomenon is prevented by occluding the lumen of the isolation device before pleural opening, resulting in a progressive build-up of negative pressure in the non-ventilated lung. Future clinical studies are needed to confirm these physiologic results and their impact on lung collapse and operative outcomes. Trial registration: www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT02919267); registered 28 September 2016.

Le pharmacien se doit d’évaluer et de démontrer sa valeur ajoutée et ses retombées en tant que professionnel de santé.

Dans de nombreux pays, une formation supplémentaire est dédiée à former les futurs pharmaciens hospitaliers : l’internat en pharmacie. L’objectif était de réaliser une revue de littérature sur le rôle et les retombées des internes en pharmacie.

Il existe des données probantes relatives à la description du rôle et des retombées de l’activité de plusieurs professionnels de la santé. L’objectif vise à quantifier le nombre d’articles relatifs à la description du rôle et des retombées de l’activité professionnelle et à calculer un ratio d’articles par profession.

•La pharmacie est une profession très réglementée et de nombreuses lois, règlements, normes et lignes directrices balisent l’activité pharmaceutique.•S’il existe davantage de similitudes pour l’évaluation du circuit du médicament dans l’ES et la PUI, des différences importantes sont observées pour l’évaluation des individus.•Alors que l’inspection individuelle est largement implantée au Québec, elle est en pleine évolution en France avec la publication d’un décret récent depuis le 1erjanvier 2023.

Introduction: Le bon usage des anti-infectieux représente un défi en établissement de santé.

Il existe un nombre croissant d’articles décrivant les rôles et démontrant les impacts de l’activité du pharmacien et de ses collaborateurs en milieu communautaire et en établissement de santé. Il n’y a toutefois pas de profil de cette littérature publiée par les pharmaciens exerçant en Belgique.

ObjectivesThe main objective was to identify all studies that present data regarding microbial contamination of vials used for preparation with closed-system drug transfer devices (CSTDs). Our secondary objective was to compare the reported contamination of vials punctured with a CSTD versus no CSTD and to evaluate the quality of data reporting as defined by the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) criteria.MethodsA literature review was conducted on 31 December 2018 on PubMed, EMBASE and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature. A manual search of the archives of relevant pharmaceutical conferences was made. All studies that presented data about microbial contamination of vials punctured with a CSTD or about beyond-use date extension were included. Two researchers independently graded the articles according to the STROBE criteria.ResultsOf the 280 articles identified initially, 12 were retained for analysis. Studies evaluated microbial contamination according to different incubation times and different culture media. Nine studies did not use any comparator group. Five studies found no contamination of vials punctured with CSTDs. For the others, the contamination was between 0.3% and 27%. Three studies compared the contamination of vials punctured with a CSTD and with a conventional system and did not show a significant difference between the groups. Seven studies declared a conflict of interest. The mean number of STROBE criteria fulfilled was 12.2±4.1 out of 34 (7 not applicable) for studies, and the mean number was 5±0 out of 12 for abstracts.ConclusionsVials punctured in ISO5 conditions with a CSTD presented a low frequency of microbial contamination. No study showed a significant difference between vials punctured with a CSTD and with a conventional method. Centre-specific sterility testing is needed to reflect the variability of handling procedures and equipment.

Objectives: A substantial proportion of individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2 do not experience noticeable symptoms typical of COVID-19. Our objectives were to evaluate the impact of the first wave of the pandemic in Québec by measuring SARS-CoV-2 antibody seroprevalence in a convenience sample of healthy blood donors and to study the association between seropositivity and the occurrence of COVID-19 symptoms. Methods: The study design was a cross-sectional serological survey with a nested case-control study. Residual blood samples from donations collected between May 25 and July 9, 2020 (well before vaccination rollout) in the province of Québec were tested for anti-Spike RBD antibodies by ELISA. Seropositive donors and a control group of seronegative donors were questioned about prior COVID-19 symptoms. All qualified blood donors were eligible for participation. Results: A total of 7691 blood donors were included in the study. After adjustments, the seroprevalence rate was 2.2% (95% CI 1.9–2.6). Seropositive donors reported one or more symptoms in a proportion of 52.2% (95% CI 44.2–60.1); this proportion was 19.1% (95% CI 13.4–26.1) among seronegative donors, suggesting that approximately 50–66% of all infections were asymptomatic. Univariate analysis of associations between symptoms and seropositivity revealed that except for rhinorrhea, all symptoms were significantly associated with seropositivity. Conclusion: Assuming that blood donors are fairly representative of the general adult population, this study shows that less than 3% of 18–69-year-olds have been infected during the first wave of the pandemic in the province of Québec. Our data also confirm that many infections escaped detection, including a substantial proportion that were asymptomatic.

AbstractBoth whole lung lavage (WLL) and inhaled granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) have been shown to improve patient outcomes in pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP). We report a case of autoimmune PAP that was refractory to bilateral WLL, relapsing rapidly after each of her 6 treatments. A systemic GM-CSF trial was also ineffective. Her seventh WLL was followed immediately by inhaled GM-CSF, and the patient experienced a complete and sustained remission. Our case suggests that those 2 treatments might have a synergistic effect.

AbstractRATIONALE/OBJECTIVES: Due to a higher risk of postoperative complications in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients, a systematic screening for OSA is recommended for patients undergoing bariatric surgery. We developed an algorithm based on the results of nocturnal oximetry and pCO2 to identify patients who should or should not be treated with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) before surgery. The objective of this study was to get validation data to determine if our algorithm safely selects subjects who need CPAP before surgery.METHODS/MEASUREMENTS: This is a retrospective cohort study. We looked for the occurrence of postoperative complications in 39 patients with moderate OSA not requiring CPAP treatment according to our algorithm, in 41 patients requiring CPAP, and in an historic group of 198 treated OSA patients. Untreated OSA patients were matched for oxygen desaturation index and body mass index to the treated patients in the historic group (1 untreated/2 treated matching).MAIN RESULTS: No statistical difference was found between treated and untreated OSA groups regarding cardiopulmonary complications (n = 0), length of hospital stay, 10 days reoperation and 30 days rehospitalization. Matching analysis showed similar results.CONCLUSIONS: The results of this validation study suggest that our preoperative screening algorithm may safely select patients who do not need CPAP before surgery. In the context of bariatric surgery, there is no increase in the occurrence of postoperative complications in patients with moderate OSA and no criteria for hypoventilation not receiving CPAP in the perioperative period. These results need to be confirmed in a large sample size study.

Perreault and colleagues examined antibody titers in sequential samples from serum donors recovering from COVID-19 and demonstrated that antibody titers fall over 3-4 months. These results have important implications for convalescent serum collection and seroprevalence studies.

Preeclampsia is associated with a higher maternal blood levels of soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1) and lower levels of placental growth factor (PlGF) that appear before clinical onset. We aimed to estimate the normal progression of these biomarkers in normal pregnancies and in those affected by preeclampsia.

•De plus en plus de tests de pharmacogénétique sont disponibles.•À partir des recommandations du Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium de type A (seuil le plus élevé justifiant le recours à un test pharmacogénétique), nous avons identifié les paires médicament(s)-gène soit 23 paires.•Il existe une grande hétérogénéité en ce qui concerne les recommandations de tests pharmacogénétiques provenant de trois sources documentaires utilisées par les pharmaciens pour le suivi de la thérapie médicamenteuse au Canada, en France et aux États-Unis.•Il apparaît pressant d’uniformiser les exigences relatives à la nomenclature, la description et la nécessité de recourir à des tests de pharmacogénétique afin d’assurer un bon usage des médicaments et de ces tests en clinique.

To develop expert-informed content regarding the early motor attributes of cerebral palsy (CP) that should prompt physician referral for diagnostic assessment of CP, as well as concurrent referral recommendations. This content will be used in the creation of knowledge translation (KT) tools for primary care practitioners and parents.

Objectif Mesurer l’impact d’une intervention vidéo ponctuelle traitant de la littérature sur les rôles du pharmacien et les impacts de ses interventions, auprès d’étudiants de dernière année en sciences pharmaceutiques.