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Objectives This study was designed to determine the incidence and risk factors associated with ipsilateral shoulder pain (ISP) after thoracic surgery and to investigate characteristics, locations, and severity of ISP. Design A prospective observational study. Setting University hospital. Participants Two hundred five patients who underwent thoracic surgery. Interventions None. Measurements and Main Results Pain at the incisional site and shoulder pain were assessed separately using the numeric rating scale (NRS) during the patients' stay in the postanesthesia care unit. The overall incidence of ISP was 47.3%. The incidence of ISP in thoracotomy patients (58.7%) was substantially higher than in video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery patients (20.9%). ISP was described most often as a dull aching pain (87%). In approximately half of the patients, ISP was located at the posterior side of the shoulder. The severity of ISP was classified as moderate to severe in 67% of patients. The potential risk factors associated with ISP were surgery using the thoracotomy approach (risk ratio: 2.12, 95% confidence interval: 1.16-3.86, p = 0.014) and surgical duration>120 minutes (risk ratio: 1.61, 95% confidence interval: 1.07-2.44, p = 0.023). Conclusions The incidence of ISP after thoracic surgery was high and the severity of pain was significant. The thoracotomy approach and the long duration of surgery are potential risk factors for ISP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

Objective: The complication of cardiac arrhythmias during pulmonary artery catheterization (PAC) may be related to the position of the patient. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the effects of patients'' positions on incidence of arrhythmias and the time required to place the pulmonary artery catheter. Design: A prospective, double-blind, randomized, controlled study. Setting: A tertiary university hospital. Participants: One hundred forty patients undergoing elective coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Interventions: Patients were divided into 2 groups. In the study group (n = 70), patients were positioned with their head down at 10° first and then 10° up and tilted right laterally when the PACs were passed from the right atrium to the right ventricle and then the right ventricle to the pulmonary capillary wedge position, respectively. In the control group (n = 70), patients remained in a supine position during pulmonary artery catheterization. Measurement and Main Result: During the catheterization, arrhythmias were recorded and classified into benign (1-3 premature ventricular contractions) and severe (more than 3 premature ventricular contractions or nonsustained ventricular tachycardia). The time for PACs to pass from the right atrium to the right ventricle and the right ventricle to the pulmonary capillary wedge position was measured as T1 and T2, respectively. The incidence of benign arrhythmias between groups was not significantly different (49% for study and 34% for control group, p = 0.196), whereas the incidence of severe arrhythmias was significantly higher in the control group (20% v 5.8%, p = 0.036). The time used for each technique (T1 and T2) in both groups was not significantly different (p = 0.362 and 0.468, respectively). One patient in the study group was excluded because of difficulty in passing the catheter from the right atrium to the right ventricle. Conclusions: Adjusting patients in the head-up and right lateral position while passing the PAC can reduce the incidence of severe arrhythmias, but not in the time taken to place it. This position may have clinical implications, particularly in high-risk patients. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] more...