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A significant transformation occurs globally as transportation switches from fossil fuel-powered to zero and ultra-low tailpipe emissions vehicles. The transition to the electric vehicle requires an infrastructure of charging stations (CSs) with information technology, ingenious, distributed energy generation units, and favorable government policies. This paper discusses the key factors when planning electric vehicle charging infrastructure. This paper provides information about planning and technological developments that can be used to improve the design and implementation of charging station infrastructure. A comprehensive review of the current electric vehicle scenario, the impact of EVs on grid integration, and Electric Vehicle optimal allocation provisioning are presented. In particular, this paper analyzes research and developments related to charging station infrastructure, challenges, and efforts to standardize the infrastructure to enhance future research work. In addition, the optimal placement of rapid charging stations is based on economic benefits and grid impacts. It also describes the challenges of adoption. On the other hand, future trends in the field, such as energy procurement from renewable sources and cars’ benefits to grid technology, are also presented and discussed.

Multiphase induction motor drives are an emerging research are in electric machines. This paper presents a sliding mode control (SMC) and fractional calculus assisted terminal sliding mode control scheme (FOTSMC) for encoder-less operation of 5-phase induction motor speed control. Model predictive control scheme is used to generate switching signals using the reference torque generated through the FOTSMC. The shortcomings of speed sensors are eliminated using a robust sliding mode based speed observer. The proportional integral (PI), SMC and FOTSMC are compared using simulation based analysis carried out in MATLAB/SIMULINK. The PI, SMC and FOTSMC are tested under variable speed reference, speed reversal, and constant load. The PI, SMC and FOTSMC controllers are also evaluated for stator flux trajectories. The results indicates that the FOTSMC has improved performance as compared to SMC in terms of chattering elimination for encoder-less predictive torque control of IM whereas the SMC and FOTSMC are robust as compared to PI controller.