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The poem "When the Black Hills Are White" by Cameron Brooks is presented. First Line: with snow, it's like lumbering; Last Line: to light its infinite evergreen candles.

The article offers information on future of the electric grid and states' approaches to grid modernization, on division of states in two categories ones where policy is moving toward more open market solutions and ones that are inclined toward expanding the vertical integration model, and issues likely to be faced by renewable portfolio standard (RPS) program managers.

An integrated-optic dispersion compensator that uses chirped waveguide gratings is designed and fabricated. The 7-mm-long chirped grating is realized by a recently proposed method of curving a waveguide through a uniform grating. At 800 nm, the fabricated device exhibits a reflection bandwidth in excess of 0.5 nm and a nearly quadratic phase response corresponding to a fiber dispersion–length product of 58 ps/nm. The phase response reported is measured interferometrically with a narrow-band, tunable Ti:sapphire laser. Extending this technology to 5-cm-long gratings should permit dispersion compensation of 50-km-long fiber lengths at 1.55 μm.