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Scalability is a property that must be carefully designed into a system. A case study in the largest Norwegian public portal, Altinn, illustrates how developers and scalability experts improved scalability and spent less time during scalability testing. With minor adjustments to an agile development process, stakeholders spend more up-front time together.

The compensated magnetic order and characteristic terahertz frequencies of antiferromagnetic materials make them promising candidates to develop a new class of robust, ultrafast spintronic devices. The manipulation of antiferromagnetic spin-waves in thin films is anticipated to lead to new exotic phenomena such as spin-superfluidity, requiring an efficient propagation of spin-waves in thin films. However, the reported decay length in thin films has so far been limited to a few nanometers. In this work, we achieve efficient spin-wave propagation over micrometer distances in thin films of the insulating antiferromagnet hematite with large magnetic domains while evidencing much shorter attenuation lengths in multidomain thin films. Through transport and magnetic imaging, we determine the role of the magnetic domain structure and spin-wave scattering at domain walls to govern the transport. We manipulate the spin transport by tailoring the domain configuration through field cycle training. For the appropriate crystalline orientation, zero-field spin transport is achieved across micrometers, as required for device integration.

William Shakespeare’s Hamletwas the subject of at least 13 silent films, yet Asta Nielsen’s 1921 Hamlet, directed by Svend Gade and Heinz Schall, was unique on several levels, with neither the play’s familiar language nor the visual icons one would expect. No film adaptation captures the tragedy’s thematic ambition as masterfully through the same interrogation of light and dark that the original play realizes through words. In this article, I explore the film’s strategic use of chiaroscuro in tandem with props and costuming and its continuing influence on the visual reception of Shakespeare’s play.

Spintronics relies on the transport of spins, the intrinsic angular momentum of electrons, as an alternative to the transport of electron charge as in conventional electronics. The long-term goal of spintronics research is to develop spin-based, low-dissipation computing-technology devices. Recently, long-distance transport of a spin current was demonstrated across ferromagnetic insulators1. However, antiferromagnetically ordered materials, the most common class of magnetic materials, have several crucial advantages over ferromagnetic systems for spintronics applications2: antiferromagnets have no net magnetic moment, making them stable and impervious to external fields, and can be operated at terahertz-scale frequencies3. Although the properties of antiferromagnets are desirable for spin transport4–7, indirect observations of such transport indicate that spin transmission through antiferromagnets is limited to only a few nanometres8–10. Here we demonstrate long-distance propagation of spin currents through a single crystal of the antiferromagnetic insulator haematite (α-Fe2O3)11, the most common antiferromagnetic iron oxide, by exploiting the spin Hall effect for spin injection. We control the flow of spin current across a haematite–platinum interface—at which spins accumulate, generating the spin current—by tuning the antiferromagnetic resonance frequency using an external magnetic field12. We find that this simple antiferromagnetic insulator conveys spin information parallel to the antiferromagnetic Néel order over distances of more than tens of micrometres. This mechanism transports spins as efficiently as the most promising complex ferromagnets1. Our results pave the way to electrically tunable, ultrafast, low-power, antiferromagnetic-insulator-based spin-logic devices6,13that operate without magnetic fields at room temperature.

Antiferromagnets provide greater stability than their ferromagnetic counterparts, but antiferromagnetic spin textures and nanostructures also exhibit more complex, and often faster, dynamics, offering new functionalities for spintronics devices. As part of a Focus on antiferromagnetic spintronics, this Perspective looks at the complex and often faster dynamics of antiferromagnetic spin textures.

We consider two mechanisms of spin relaxation in disordered graphene. i) Spin relaxation due to curvature spin orbit coupling caused by ripples. ii) Spin relaxation due to the interaction of the electronic spin with localized magnetic moments at the edges. We obtain analytical expressions for the spin relaxation times τSOand τJdue to both mechanisms and estimate their values for realistic parameters of graphene samples. We obtain that spin relaxation originating from these mechanisms is very weak and spin coherence is expected in disordered graphene up to samples of length ${\L\sim 10\,\mu m}$.

Background: Studies have highlighted the significance of cancer patients' narrative work in order to cope and feel well and find meaning in life.Aim: This article reports a study of whether and how cancer outpatients narrates, and how cancer care nurses contribute to the patients' narrative work during conversations taking place during planned first time consultations at out-patient clinics.Method: The study was qualitative phenomenological hermeneutic. The data material included recordings of eight patient — nurse meetings taking place as ordinary planned activities at out-patient clinics in Norway. Four female and four male patients, and eight female nurses participated. Transcribed recordings of conversations were content analysed, narrative sequences identified and analysed for how narratives developed and how narrating was encouraged and followed up by nurses.Findings: Results gave insights into narrative contexts and how voices of nursing, medicine, and life world and relational or goal directed communication had implications for patient narrations.Conclusion: The findings of this study of narrations in cancer outpatient — nurse conversations gave insights into nurses' meaning horizons and communication approaches with implications for practice. There is a need of more research providing insights into the effects of narrative meaning constructions for cancer patients.

Abstract.: We consider two mechanisms of spin relaxation in disordered graphene. i) Spin relaxation due to curvature spin orbit coupling caused by ripples. ii) Spin relaxation due to the interaction of the electronic spin with localized magnetic moments at the edges. We obtain analytical expressions for the spin relaxation times τSO and τJ due to both mechanisms and estimate their values for realistic parameters of graphene samples. We obtain that spin relaxation originating from these mechanisms is very weak and spin coherence is expected in disordered graphene up to samples of length ${\L\sim 10\,\mu m}$ .

We consider two mechanisms of spin relaxation in disordered graphene. i) Spin relaxation due to curvature spin orbit coupling caused by ripples. ii) Spin relaxation due to the interaction of the electronic spin with localized magnetic moments at the edges. We obtain analytical expressions for the spin relaxation times ?SOand ?Jdue to both mechanisms and estimate their values for realistic parameters of graphene samples. We obtain that spin relaxation originating from these mechanisms is very weak and spin coherence is expected in disordered graphene up to samples of length [Formula: see text].

We describe a structured, hierarchic approach to exploring the scalability of IT systems architectures. An architecture is considered to be scalable over a particular set of requirements if the physical resource usage per unit of capacity remains roughly constant. For completeness, both requirements and capacity must be defined in the three dimensions of processing, storage and connectivity. Interactions between the three dimensions are considered, as are various forms of departure from non-uniform scaling. Scalability is explored via a combination of measurement and static and dynamic models. Appropriate scale-invariants are introduced to eliminate congestion effects and packaging issues from the analysis. This paper focuses on processing and to a lesser extent, on storage. The method is applied to a practical case study of Transigo, a J2EE-based software platform used in the Norwegian banking industry. We find that understanding the relationship between replication and upgrade for systems, subsystems and devices is key to guiding the exploration of scalability.

The aim of this study was to describe how adolescents experience having asthma. Data was recorded from 39 adolescents, 18 girls and 21 boys, interviewed by using Focus Groups. Mean age was 14 year (12 to 16 years). They were observed and interviewed within 7 groups. Most (80 %) had had asthma for more than 10 years. All but two, used inhaled steroids. Only 33 % had experienced respiratory symptoms more than once a week during the last 14 days. The adolescents did not experience themselves as having a disease, and to discuss having asthma with other youths were unusual for most. Some felt that they had to deal with a demanding environment without the aid of a supportive network. They expressed mistrust by teachers and friends related to physical training and school activities as most traumatically. Adolescents are at high risk for poor outcomes from asthma owing to lifestyle and developmental changes. The result of the study suggest a need to better inform the people in the adolescent's surrondings (i.e. school teachers and friends) about asthma. Teachers and parents have an important task: to find physically challenging activities as well as leisure activities that strengthen the adolescent's self-esteem and ability to cope with their asthma. The focus group's methods allowed the adolescents to experience a supportive social enviroment and created openness conserning their health problems. There is a need for further studies about the adolescents, chronic disease and quality of life.

Abstract:: A theory of spin-transport in hybrid normal metal-ferromagnetic electronic circuits is developed, taking into account non-collinear spin-accumulation. Spin-transport through resistive elements is described by 4 conductance parameters. Microscopic expression for these conductances are derived in terms of scattering matrices and explicitly calculated for simple models. The circuit theory is applied to 2-terminal and 3-terminal devices attached to ferromagnetic reservoirs.

Abstract:: We study transport in ferromagnetic single-electron transistors. The non-equilibrium spin accumulation on the island caused by a finite current through the system is described by a generalized theory of the Coulomb blockade. It enhances the tunnel magnetoresistance and has a drastic effect on the time-dependent transport properties. A transient decay of the spin accumulation may reverse the electric current on time scales of the order of the spin-flip relaxation time. This can be used as an experimental signature of the non-equilibrium spin accumulation.

Competence as communication skills and as skilled practice of asepsis were studied by observing four nurses while interacting with patients and performing intravenous procedures.Nurses were observed using sterile equipment for methods of intravenous therapy. Asepsis is performed frequently, but through misunderstanding in the learning of asepsis or improper model learning the nurses may establish incorrect routines. When performing procedures, unexpected factors can distract both the expert and the inexperienced, resulting in a failure to apply basic aseptic techniques.The nurses showed an interest in the patient by listening and giving responses. Nurses may control interactions with the patient by using undesirable communication skills which include incomplete sentences, incomplete explanations and closed questions.Asked to evaluate their own behavior, the nurses did not estimate whether or not the appropiate skills were applied in observed situations. To improve the quality of nursing care performance it is recommended to further develop and apply skill training programs.

Topologically nontrivial spin textures, such as skyrmions and dislocations, display emergent electrodynamics and can be moved by spin currents over macroscopic distances. These unique properties and their nanoscale size make them excellent candidates for the development of next-generation race-track memory and unconventional computing. A major challenge for these applications and the investigation of nanoscale magnetic structures in general is the realization of suitable detection schemes. We study magnetic disclinations, dislocations, and domain walls in FeGe and reveal pronounced responses that distinguish them from the helimagnetic background. A combination of magnetic force microscopy (MFM) and micromagnetic simulations links the response to the local magnetic susceptibility, that is, characteristic changes in the spin texture driven by the MFM tip. On the basis of the findings, which we explain using nonlinear response theory, we propose a read-out scheme using superconducting microcoils, presenting an innovative approach for detecting topological spin textures and domain walls in device-relevant geometries.

The parallel (CIP) conductance of magnetic multilayers is calculated in the scattering formalism of transport. Geometric and spin-independent (‘parasitic’) CIP conductance channels are identified in the parallel configuration. The dominance of these channels in bulk systems is an artifact of the semiclassical method employed.

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.

Offers advice to parents to how to support scientific learning among their daughters. Scientific interest and abilities of daughters; Steps to nurture scientific interest and competence in girls.

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