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Copyright of Tijdschrift voor Consumentenrecht en Handelspraktijken is the property of Uitgeverij Paris and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Tijdschrift voor Consumentenrecht en Handelspraktijken is the property of Uitgeverij Paris and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Tijdschrift voor Consumentenrecht en Handelspraktijken is the property of Uitgeverij Paris and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Tijdschrift voor Consumentenrecht en Handelspraktijken is the property of Uitgeverij Paris and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Jaarlijks spreken onze rechtbanken en gerechtshoven recht in duizenden zaken. De zaken die uiteindelijk bij de Hoge Raad komen krijgen in de juridische literatuur vaak alle aandacht. Toch zitten er tussen de vele geschillen die reeds in eerste aanleg of in hoger beroep beslist worden ook regelmatig interessante gerechtelijke uitspraken. In de rubriek 'Uit de praktijk' bespreekt Jurgen Braspenning een of meerdere opvallende uitspraken uit de lagere rechtspraak. Daarbij kijkt hij vanuit een praktijkgericht perspectief naar deze uitspraken. De ene keer op kritische wijze, de andere keer met een knipoog, maar altijd ter leering ende vermaeck. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Tijdschrift voor Consumentenrecht en Handelspraktijken is the property of Uitgeverij Paris and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Tijdschrift voor Consumentenrecht en Handelspraktijken is the property of Uitgeverij Paris and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Jaarlijks spreken onze rechtbanken en gerechtshoven recht in duizenden zaken. De zaken die uiteindelijk bij de Hoge Raad komen krijgen in de juridische literatuur vaak alle aandacht. Toch zitten er tussen de vele geschillen die reeds in eerste aanleg of in hoger beroep beslist worden ook regelmatig interessante gerechtelijke uitspraken. In de rubriek 'Uit de praktijk' bespreekt Jurgen Braspenning een of meerdere opvallende uitspraken uit de lagere rechtspraak. Daarbij kijkt hij vanuit een praktijkgericht perspectief naar deze uitspraken. De ene keer op kritische wijze, de andere keer met een knipoog, maar altijd ter leering ende vermaeck. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The E6/E7-coding sequences of the human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV 16) were probed for kinetic accessibility in vitro by pools of catalytic antisense RNA. Only long-chain complementary RNA and very few antisense sequences with a 3' portion complementary to a 10 nt window within unspliced and spliced E6-coding target sequences showed fast annealing with k(ass) values of up to 10(4) M-1s-1 indicating that the majority of E6/E7 RNA sequences are unfavourable targets for antisense inhibitors and ribozymes. Fast-annealing antisense oligodeoxyribonucleotides directed against the window of 10 nt inhibited cell proliferation of HPV 16-transformed SiHa cells but not slow-annealing antisense species. Antisense RNA of several hundred nucleotides in length also showed significant anti-proliferative activity. Biological effects of antisense oligodeoxyribonucleotides were specific for the antisense sequence, could only be found in HPV-positive but not in HPV-negative cell lines, and were related to decreased levels of E7 protein and E6/E7-specific transcripts. This work suggests that HPV 16 E7/E6 sequences exhibit a low accessibility for antisense oligonucleotides. This can be overcome, however, by exploiting the relationship between fast annealing of antisense species and their increased efficacy in human cells.

To assess the effects of a Dutch national prevention programme, aimed at general practitioners (GPs), on the adherence to organizational guidelines for effective cervical cancer screening in general practice. To identify the characteristics of general practices determining success.

The “high-risk” human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV 16) is associated with the development of cervical cancer. Although the viral gene products E6 and E7 are constitutively expressed in HPV 16-associated lesions and therefore appear as candidate antigens for a specific immune response, the immune system fails to produce an efficient defence against tumor outgrowth in affected patients. Keratinocytes are the natural target cells of HPV infection. To investigate the E7-specific immune response in vivo, we used transgenic mice expressing the oncogenes E6 and E7 of HPV 16 under the control of the keratin 10 promoter in the suprabasal layers of the epidermis. This expression pattern closely reflects the viral early gene transcription that is observed in low grade cervical intraepithelial lesions (CIN). The transgene product E7 does not induce an immune response in these transgenic mice. However, upon vaccination anti-E7 antibodies were produced without causing signs of autoimmune disease. In contrast, E7-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) were not detected after immunization. From these results we conclude that in K10 HPV 16 E6/E7 transgenic mice the E7 transgene expression induces specific immunological tolerance on the CTL level.

Well-organized cervical screening has been shown to be effective in the reduction of both morbidity and mortality from cancer of the uterine cervix. In The Netherlands, the GP plays an important role in the cervical screening. The question is whether the general practices are able to organize an effective cervical cancer screening.