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Background: Look-Alike, Sound-Alike (LASA) drugs pose significant risks to patient safety due to potential medication errors, primarily from confusion over drug names. Such issues are of global concern and are pervasive across healthcare settings. Objective: This study evaluated the similarity between the registered brand names of medication, specifically focusing on tablets and capsules that are commercially accessible in Thailand. Methods: This research analyzed secondary data from Thailand's Bureau of Drug Administration, focusing on tablets and capsules drugs. An orthographic analysis of the 18,108 registered items (as of January 2020) was performed, and similarities and differences were analyzed using Microsoft Excel. Attributes such as registration number, manufacturer details, active ingredients, dosage forms, and strength were considered when categorizing similar names. Results: Upon analyzing 18,108 registered tablets and capsules, four groups emerged from pairwise brand name similarity analysis: 1. Matching brand names from one pharmaceutical company with identical active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) but multiple registration numbers (66.47%). 2. Matching brand names from various pharmaceutical companies with the same active ingredients (33.03%). 3. Matching brand names from different pharmaceutical companies with different active ingredients (0.39%). 4. Matching brand names from the same pharmaceutical company with different active ingredients (0.11%). The "Tall Man Letter" principle was leveraged to examine potential resemblances among 18,108 Thai pharmaceutical brand names. Twelve terms exhibited notable similarities, with "AMINE," "HYDRO," and "PREDNIS" appearing most frequently. Conclusion: These results underscore the prevalence of LASA issues in drug brand names, potentially leading to confusion and errors in medication use, and highlight the need for system improvements to enhance patient safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Service firms can use sensory cues to provide a perception of luxury in terms of quality and service. In the area of destination branding, brand names are one of the core elements of brands that help communicate their image to a consumer in the hospitality and tourism sector. Psycholinguistics research demonstrates that linguistic cues embedded within brand names can be used to convey the image of a brand. Relying on the latest literature on psycholinguistics, branding, and hospitality services, the present study investigates the sounds and/or letters present in fictional brand names that may enhance their perception of luxury. The results demonstrate that higher-frequency sounds (e.g., i, e, f, s, v, z) appear to increase the perception of luxury brands more than lower-frequency sounds (e.g., u, o, b, d, g). Among various speech sounds, the letter v in names also increases the intention to visit luxury hospitality services (restaurants, hotels). These findings demonstrate how brands in the hospitality and tourism sectors can use certain linguistic features to signal their perception of luxury to tourists. • The present study investigates which sounds present in brand names can enhance their luxury perception. • Higher-frequency of sounds increase the luxury perception of brands than lower-frequency of sounds. • Letter v in brand names increases behavioral intention toward luxury hospitality services (restaurants, hotels) but not the non-luxury ones. • The luxury appeal of letter v appears to be driven by perceived conspicuousness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An innovation may be technological or non-technological. Under the Oslo Manual, product (goods and services) and process innovations are deemed technological and marketing, and organisational innovations are considered non-technological. Branding has been recognised as a powerful tool for businesss, useful for bringing innovations to the market for consumers' choice. In the past, the needs of consumers were territorially limited. With the globalisation of the world market, it is becoming harder for enterprises to satisfy the needs of their clients who are no longer limited to one territory but the world. In Africa, several enterprises are aware of this changing world, where consumers are more and more demanding as regards the quality of products offered. Through selected success stories and case studies, this study demonstrates that in some areas deemed non-technological, such as cosmetics, textiles and agriculture in general, African enterprises have a competitive advantage given the uniqueness of their products produced from natural raw material with know-how passedfrom generation to generation, known as traditional knowledge and corresponding truly to what is called "organic". Unlike in the past, African products may easily compete with other products from elsewhere if the opportunity is provided through an open market. Africa in particular desperately needs more trade and open market rather than aid or charity. Inspired by the "One Village, One Product model"/"One Town, One Product", the author has proposed the adoption by African countries of "One Town, One Innovation Model (OTOl)" that may be beneficial to those countries. The OTOI model would facilitate both branding and innovation at the town level, bringing self-reliance to local communities. Finally, branding innovation should become a new business approach that may enable further innovations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Lanham Act was enacted by the US Congress in 1946 with the overall purpose of regularizing the nation's registration and use of trademarks. Despite undergoing a number of amendments since its enactment, for the past 70 years, the Act has continued to provide key federal protections against not only the unlawful or deceptive use of trademarks. It also strictly forbad the registration of marks that reasonably could be considered immoral, scandalous, contemptuous, or disparaging. Though hailed by some as an important protection against hateful speech in the public marketplace, others have questioned whether the statute violates the constitutional right to Freedom of Speech. This year, the US Supreme Court issued a ruling that put an official end to this legal controversy. This article provides a detailed description of the case that led to this landmark decision and discusses some of the potential implications for trademarking potentially disparaging brand names. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This note addresses selectively the names of craft beers produced by U.S. microbreweries. It considers the following points: (1) a brief history of beer, (2) the rise of the microbrewery in the U.S., (3) a definition of microbrewery, (4) a brief discussion of beer and craft beer in popular culture (film, television, collecting beer paraphernalia), and (5) a selected list of craft beer brand names to illustrate their referents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

South Africa is a prominent wine-producing country. The focus in this contribution will be on anthroponymic commemoration whereby a name of a person, singular or plural, and of both genders, is selected for a particular wine in South Africa. This selection is often linked to historical figures, but also sometimes uses invented or fictional names. Others may simply commemorate the winemaker, or family members. Being a multilingual country the language choice also will be discussed. The contribution therefore will outline the various categories and the possible impact of the name as well as the design of the label, the description of the name, and the language used for the description. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

While the majority of research regarding product placement has been done in the context of film, TV productions, music videos and video games, we know little about this practice and its effects in the field of written text. The aim of the present paper is to gather all the relevant data about product placement used in books and e-books in order to set the grounds for further research on the matter. In the following pages we will provide some examples of texts in which product placement was used and we will present the revealing results of three studies which have been conducted regarding product placements in novels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coinages pervade Margaret Atwood’s post-apocalyptic novelOryx and Crake(2003). Most of the neologisms in the novel denote corporations and their products and form part of a thoroughgoing critique of consumerism. The coinages are jarringly hyperbolic and their orthography often evokes contrary connotations. However, in the thematic context of the novel, coining practices follow certain patterns and function as effective, if ambiguous, satirical tools. On one level, the practice of branding is thoroughly satirized. On another, however, the neologisms point to both the limitations and possibilities of satire when dealing with the themes addressed in the novel: commoditization, environmental damage on a planetary scale, and a vision of the imminent end of humanity itself. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This brief note has a fourfold purpose: (1) to define the concept of “e-cigarette”; (2) to discuss succinctly collateral aspects of e-cigarettes (product development, health and legal features, linguistic dimensions); (3) to explain the notion of brand name; and (4) to review selectively brand names for e-cigarettes in order to determine the marketing strategies employed. Finally, there is an appendix with a corpus of the selected e-cigarette brand names. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This paper analyzes linguistic iconicity in brand names broadcasted on Pakistani electronic advertisements from the perspective of derivational morphological processes. The rationale behind this is to find out what kinds of experiments with linguistic choices are being made in the language of advertisement and are these choices arbitrary or Iconic in nature being conscious and functional. A corpus from 150 advertisements is collected and analyzed empirically. The quantitative analysis of data, through quantifying and measuring the percentage and frequency of each derivational morphological process, reveals the most frequent and the most least method exercised for the construction of names of brands with others given on the quantum. The focus on the purposefulness of each derivational process reveals, not only the iconic nature of brand names but also the psychological impact of these, exercised through the more striking linguistic choices made on the morphological level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Abstract: Background: Prescription errors are commonly encountered in health care settings. They can lead to inefficient delivery of health care thus jeopardizing patient care. Knowing the quantum and the possible causes of such errors is the first step in trying to prevent them. We conducted a random audit of prescriptions received in service dispensary of a tertiary care hospital and analyzed them for prescription errors. Methods: A total of 1000 prescriptions were randomly selected. These prescriptions were analyzed with the help of three qualified pharmacists and were stratified as per the errors encountered. Results: Out of the total of 1000 prescriptions, 650 prescriptions (65%) were found to have a total of 1012 errors. Type B errors were found in 22.4% prescriptions, type C errors in 9.7% prescriptions and type D in 69.1% prescriptions. Conclusion: Prescription errors require proactive, continuous and meticulous monitoring so as to minimize them. It requires identification of preventable causes, increasing awareness and sensitizing the prescriber towards this important aspect of health care delivery. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

This essay discusses a relatively recent phenomenon, namely, the sale and use of a synthetic chemical product known generically as 'bath salts.' It then defines this term. Next, it discusses selectively the scientific literature on this product. Finally, it interprets the significance the brand names used to refer to the product and their referents within an onomastic and semiotic framework. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the marketing of geographic indications (GIs) in India in 2013. Topics include the development of GI laws under the Indian Geographic Indications of Goods (Registration and Protection) Act of 1999, trademark law in India, and the elements of branding. Information is provided on logos and pseudo brands.

This note looks at the main strategies used by marketers and manufacturers to name products. It gives an overview of these strategies, starting with the history of brand-naming and ending up with the current practice of using Internet-style strategies for naming products. The idea in brand-naming is to create a "code" of latent meanings for the product that the consumer can grasp either consciously or unconsciously. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents several questions and answers on medical care including questions on whether the Association of Perioperative Registered Nurses (AORN) has guidelines on the storage of formalin, the appropriate amount of time for flash sterilization of surgical instruments and what precautions should be followed when treating patients with multidrug-resistant organisms.