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La tirotoxicosis representa el estado clínico secundario al exceso de hormonas tiroideas (HT). Puede originarse tanto por un aumento de la síntesis y liberación de HT por parte de la glándula tiroides (hipertiroidismo, causa más frecuente), como por inflamación y destrucción tiroidea, producción ectópica o administración exógena de HT. El diagnóstico es bioquímico y se basa en la determinación de la hormona estimulante del tiroides (TSH) y de las hormonas tiroideas (tiroxina y triyodotironina). Para planificar un tratamiento eficaz resulta crucial identificar la causa subyacente, siendo la enfermedad de Graves-Basedow la más común, seguida por el bocio multinodular tóxico y el adenoma tiroideo tóxico. Menos frecuentes, aunque relevantes, son las tiroiditis, la producción extratiroidea de HT y la tirotoxicosis facticia. Algunas pruebas de imagen, como la ecografía-Doppler y la gammagrafía tiroidea, son de ayuda en el diagnóstico etiológico. El objetivo del tratamiento es lograr el control sintomático y reducir la síntesis y secreción de HT mediante el uso de fármacos o tratamientos radicales (radioyodo o cirugía).

Las pruebas analíticas son cruciales para el cribado, el diagnóstico, el tratamiento y el seguimiento de la patología tiroidea. A día de hoy, no se recomienda el cribado universal de la función tiroidea, indicándose su determinación en función de los síntomas y situaciones específicas del paciente. La medición aislada de TSH (tirotropina) se considera en la actualidad el estándar de cribado, indicándose la determinación a posterioride las cifras de T4 libre y T3 según el resultado. Así mismo, la determinación de anticuerpos es fundamental para el diagnóstico de la disfunción tiroidea autoinmune. Errores comunes en la interpretación incluyen la presencia de enfermedad no tiroidea, interferencias en los inmunoensayos o algunos fármacos. Este protocolo ofrece una guía práctica para interpretar y aplicar pruebas en la patología tiroidea, destacando consideraciones clave en el diagnóstico.

El concepto de tiroiditis hace referencia a una inflamación de la glándula tiroides, con una repercusión variable en su funcionalidad. En este protocolo, clasificamos las tiroiditis según su curso evolutivo en crónicas, subagudas, agudas y de curso variable. La epidemiología, etiología (autoinmune, infecciosa, traumática, ambiental, farmacológica, etc.), fisiopatología y curso clínico difiere entre los distintos tipos de tiroiditis. Algunas cursan con dolor de forma característica y otras son indoloras. El diagnóstico es generalmente fácil y clínico, siendo imprescindible la historia clínica y la exploración física, así como un buen diagnóstico diferencial entre ellas y con otras enfermedades tiroideas como la enfermedad de Graves-Basedow y el bocio multinodular tóxico. El tratamiento en la mayoría de los casos es sencillo si se realiza una orientación diagnóstica adecuada.

El incremento de la esperanza de vida en la población mundial lleva asociado un cambio en la prevalencia de diferentes enfermedades. Dentro de las patologías más frecuentes en la población anciana, encontramos la disfunción tiroidea, tanto clínica como subclínica. Sin embargo, el diagnóstico en numerosas ocasiones supone un reto, ya que en este grupo de edad es frecuente que los signos y síntomas estén ausentes o tengan carácter atípico, siendo atribuidos erróneamente al proceso del envejecimiento o a otras enfermedades. Es, por tanto, fundamental señalar herramientas de cribado que permitan detectar de una forma precoz estas alteraciones que pueden asociar un incremento de la morbilidad en caso de no iniciar tratamiento. Siguiendo las recomendaciones de la guía American Thyroid Association(ATA), es necesario el diseño de un algoritmo terapéutico de forma individualizada en función de los signos y síntomas y el balance riesgo/beneficio de cada paciente.

El hipotiroidismo es una de las patologías endocrinológicas más prevalentes en la práctica clínica habitual. La etiología más frecuente a nivel mundial es el déficit de yodo, y en países con ingesta suficiente de yodo es la tiroiditis de Hashimoto. En este sentido, es importante realizar una adecuada anamnesis y exploración física de cara a su diagnóstico, aunque la confirmación viene determinada por el análisis bioquímico. El protocolo de cribado universal consiste en la medición inicial de las cifras de TSH y en caso de alteración las de T4L. Los límites de normalidad de la TSH son controvertidos, continúan siendo objeto de debate a día de hoy y presentan condicionantes asociados como son la gestación o el límite de la normalidad en la población anciana. El tratamiento sustitutivo no siempre está indicado y cuando lo está es de elección la levotiroxina oral.

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is usually accompanied by a low-grade inflammatory phenomenon, which participates in the pathogenesis of different complications of this condition. The inflammatory response is under the regulation of different mechanisms, including T regulatory (Treg) lymphocytes. However, the possible role of type 1 T regulatory (Tr1) cells in T2DM has not been explored so far. Aim: To carry out a quantitative analysis of Tr1 lymphocytes and other immune cell subsets in patients with T2DM and correlate these results with clinical findings and treatments. Materials and methods: Sixty patients with T2DM and twenty-three healthy controls were included in the study. Biochemical and anthropometric variables were evaluated, and Tr1 lymphocytes (CD4+CD49+LAG-3+IL-10+) and other cell subsets (Th17, Th22 and Foxp3 + Treg cells) were analyzed in peripheral blood samples by multiparametric flow cytometry. Results: Significant increased levels of Tr1 cells were detected in patients with severe and mild disease, compared to healthy controls. In addition, CD4+IL-10+lymphocytes were also increased in patients with T2DM. In contrast, similar levels of Foxp3+Treg cells, Th17 and Th22 lymphocytes were observed in patients and controls. Likewise, no significant associations were detected between Tr1 cell levels and different clinical and laboratory parameters. However, those patients receiving glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1-RA) showed similar levels of Tr1 cells than healthy controls, and significant lower numbers than untreated patients. Conclusion: We observed an increase in Tr1 and CD4+IL10+lymphocyte levels in T2DM. Moreover, GLP1-RA treatment was significantly associated with normalization of the Tr1 levels. This highlights another potential immune dysfunction in patients with T2DM, which could participate in the pathogenesis of this condition.

We present a multiple microrings channel integrated chip and develop a signal processing method that enables parallel sensing with this chip. We utilize fast Fourier transform (FFT) and inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) to extract signals from different rings with different free spectra ranges (FSR). We verify this algorithm with temperature and solution sensing experiments. Compared with the conventional single-ring-single-resonance method, it shows improvements in up to 8 multi-channels capability and higher time resolution with the same experimental hardware.

Introduction: A small percentage of patients will develop a severe form of COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection. Thus, it is important to predict the potential outcomes identifying early markers of poor prognosis. In this context, we evaluated the association of SARS-CoV-2 infection with lipid abnormalities and their role in prognosis. Methods: Single-center, retrospective, observational study of COVID-19 patients admitted from March to October 2020. Clinical and laboratory data, comorbidities, and treatments for COVID-19 were evaluated. Main outcomes including intensive care unit (ICU) admission and mortality were analyzed with a multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression model. Results: We selected 1489 from a total of 2038 consecutive patients with confirmed COVID-19, who had a complete lipid profile before ICU admission. During the follow-up performed in 1109 patients, we observed a decrease in T-c, HDL-c, and LDL-c in 28.6%, 42.9%, and 30.4% of patients, respectively, and an increase in TG in 76.8%. The decrease of both T-c and HDL- c was correlated with a decrease in albumin levels (r= 0.39 and r= 0.37, respectively). Kaplan–Meier survival curves found an increased ICU admission in patients with lower T-c (HR 0.55, CI 0.36–0.86), HDL-c (HR 0.61, CI 0.45–0.84), and LDL-c (HR 0.85, CI 0.74–0.97). Higher values of T-c (HR 0.45, CI 0.36–0.57), HDL-c (HR 0.66, CI 0.54–0.81), and LDL-c (HR 0.86, CI 0.78–0.94) showed a protective effect on mortality. Conclusions: Abnormalities in lipid profile are a frequent complication of SARS-CoV-2 infection and might be related to morbidity and mortality. Funding: Proyectos de Investigación en Salud (FIS) and cofinanced by FEDER.

Raman-based sensors represent a promising solution to enable both detection and fingerprinting of anionic pollutants in the water distribution network. Due to the weak nature of Raman scattering, a signal intensity enhancement mechanism, such as surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), is required. Given the combination of SERS being a first layer effect and the low affinity for metallic surfaces shown by anions, functionalization of the SERS substrates using positively charged self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) is required to guarantee a strong SERS signal. In this work, the performance of three thiol-based coatings, namely, 2-mercapto-4-methyl-pyrimidine, cysteamine, and 2-dimethyl-amino-ethanethiol, is systematically compared for the detection of nitrite, nitrate, and perchlorate ions in water. For each coating, the limit of detection of those analytes is studied in combination with commercial SERS substrates. Cysteamine-coated SERS substrates are shown to provide the lowest limit of detection for the three analytes of this study. Evaluation of this coating on real drinking water samples is reported.

El objetivo del presente estudio es conocer las causas de renuncia a la vacunación antigripal en el Centro de Salud de Vilanova de Arousa y evaluar la cobertura vacunal tras una intervención educativa.

Conocer los efectos secundarios en el miembro superior tras el tratamiento de radioterapia en mujeres intervenidas por cáncer de mama e identificar si existen diferencias en función del servicio de radioterapia que las atiende.

Fouling accumulated on reverse osmosis (RO) membranes during operation is one of the main problems affecting seawater desalination processes. This phenomenon causes a deterioration of the permselective properties of the membranes, which turns into a loss of performance of the process and costs increase. Conventionally, recovery of the process performance in desalination plants is carried out periodically by means of physical and chemical cleaning stages. However, conventional cleaning does not manage to recover completely the membrane properties and eventually can damage the membrane materials. New membrane cleaning techniques have been developed in order to improve this recovery. Ultrasound (US) radiation, which has shown to be an interesting technique during filtration since it avoids fouling deposition and allows to lengthen the period between cleaning stages, is proposed as an alternative technique to remove membrane fouling. This work investigates the effect of the combination of chemical cleaning methods and US application to clean a RO membrane from a desalination plant. The experiments performed were able to determine the best operating conditions to carry out the US cleaning protocol. Sodium hydroxide 2% w/v and sodium dodecyl sulphate 4% w/v solutions at 25°C were used, as they showed the highest recovery of the membrane properties in the chemical cleaning tests. Results showed that cleaning by US had a positive effect on the membrane selectivity (increase by 15.2%), and a low significant effect on its permeability. The utilization of the chemical cleaning combined with US improved the permeate flux considerably, without modifying salt rejection index in a significant way. Among the two cleaning solutions tested, the best results in terms of permeability and selectivity of the cleaned membrane, were those obtained by the US procedure using NaOH 2% w/v cleaning solution at 25°C.

Confirmar la importancia de la compresión en mamografía, y relacionarla con el disconfort manifestado por las pacientes.

AbstractNowadays, nitrate contamination of groundwater is a growing problem both in developed and developing countries. Such contamination comes mainly from the intensive use of nitrogen fertilizers in agriculture. Other possible sources of water contamination by nitrates are improper discharges of industrial effluents, the inadequate management of leachate from landfill of municipal solid waste and effluents from intensive farming. The maximum permissible concentration of nitrates in the water for public consumption in the EU countries is 50 mg/L, although the World Health Organization established a value of 25 mg/L to be considered a quality water. This problem of nitrate contamination, widespread in countries of the European Union, is very important in Spain, where there are some regions with a high presence of aquifers with nitrate concentrations significantly higher than the established limits. Among the possible treatments for nitrate removal from contaminated waters, nanofiltration (NF) is a technically proven process that eliminates nitrates without causing a significant imbalance in the rest of dissolved salts. In this work, the removal of nitrates from water using a commercial NF membrane is studied. Synthetic feeds with levels of nitrate concentration higher than the ones usually found in contaminated aquifers have been considered. On the other hand, the experimental results have been fitted to the solution-diffusion model, having found mathematical expressions that can be used to predict membrane performance for feed concentrations higher than 100 mg/L. The model considers the concentration on the surface of the membrane, estimated by the film theory model. It has been proved that concentration polarization cannot be neglected for this application. The tested membrane allows nitrate decontamination of water (concentration below the legal limit) in one pass for values of feed concentration up to 100 mg/L, with a transmembrane pressure of 5 bar.

Nowadays, nitrate contamination of groundwater is a growing problem both in developed and developing countries. Such contamination comes mainly from the intensive use of nitrogen fertilizers in agriculture. Other possible sources of water contamination by nitrates are improper discharges of industrial effluents, the inadequate management of leachate from landfill of municipal solid waste and effluents from intensive farming. The maximum permissible concentration of nitrates in the water for public consumption in the EU countries is 50 mg/L, although the World Health Organization established a value of 25 mg/L to be considered a quality water. This problem of nitrate contamination, widespread in countries of the European Union, is very important in Spain, where there are some regions with a high presence of aquifers with nitrate concentrations significantly higher than the established limits. Among the possible treatments for nitrate removal from contaminated waters, nanofiltration (NF) is a technically proven process that eliminates nitrates without causing a significant imbalance in the rest of dissolved salts. In this work, the removal of nitrates from water using a commercial NF membrane is studied. Synthetic feeds with levels of nitrate concentration higher than the ones usually found in contaminated aquifers have been considered. On the other hand, the experimental results have been fitted to the solution-diffusion model, having found mathematical expressions that can be used to predict membrane performance for feed concentrations higher than 100 mg/L. The model considers the concentration on the surface of the membrane, estimated by the film theory model. It has been proved that concentration polarization cannot be neglected for this application. The tested membrane allows nitrate decontamination of water (concentration below the legal limit) in one pass for values of feed concentration up to 100 mg/L, with a transmembrane pressure of 5 bar.

Evaluar el grado de bienestar y el nivel de ruido en lactantes que reciben asistencia respiratoria con interfase tipo helmet.

AbstractThis work studies the adequacy of different reverse osmosis (RO) pretreatments applied to different petrochemical wastewater effluents. Three effluents from a caprolactam factory were analysed: ion-exchange resin washing effluent (RWE), batch reactor washing effluent and factory outlet effluent. Coagulation–flocculation, microfiltration (MF) and ultrafiltration (UF) were tested as RO pretreatments. Various inorganic coagulants (Aluminium Chloride, Iron (III) Chloride, Aluminium Sulphate and polyaluminium chloride), commercial coagulants (Nophos and ACO) and commercial flocculants (polyacrylamide, CH-30 and active polyfloc) were tested at different dosages and stirring speeds. The highest removal of suspended solids (SS) and the lowest turbidity were obtained for the ion-exchange RWE. Two combinations of coagulants and flocculants were chosen as the most suitable conditions for the coagulation–flocculation process. The ion-exchange RWE was further treated with a combination of MF followed by UF. SS were completely removed and turbidity decreased to 0.136 NTU. The silt density index at 15 min was reduced to 6.41.

AbstractMembrane fouling is an intrinsic problem of membrane technology which affects process performance and causes a substantial rise of the operating costs. This becomes central in seawater desalination processes. This study is focused on applying a membrane chemical cleaning protocol to obtain the most adequate cleaning conditions to recover the permselective properties of an irreversibly fouled reverse osmosis membrane from a seawater desalination plant. The research was carried out in three steps: fouling characterization by scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX), atomic force microscopy, attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and elemental analysis; static cleaning tests; and characterization of the membrane surface after the cleaning step. The cleaning process was performed in a static way as a preliminary step. Five of the most widely used cleaning agents were tested (NaOH, citric acid, HCl, sodium dodecyl sulfate [SDS], and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt) at a broad range of concentrations and two different temperatures (25 and 40°C). SEM-EDX analysis showed that foulant compounds were mainly silica, iron silicate, and aluminum silicate, which indicated that fouling was mainly colloidal and inorganic. The best cleaning results were achieved by SDS 0.5% w/w at 40°C, as the greatest recovery of the membrane permselective properties (permeability and salt rejection index) was obtained.

AbstractResearch in cleaning procedures of reverse osmosis membranes used in seawater desalination to minimize costs and achieve high efficiency is necessary. Multi-step cleaning can represent a useful tool, since the cleaning efficiency can be improved by means of utilization of different chemicals with complementary cleaning mechanisms. The objective of this work was the optimization of a two-step cleaning procedure to recover the membrane properties and reduce power costs. Spent Hydranautics SWC3 membranes (USA) were supplied by a desalination plant. Cleaning tests were performed in three stages: one-step static cleaning, two-step static cleaning and characterization of the membrane surface after the cleaning process. Four cleaning agents at two different concentrations were used. All possible combinations of them were considered, including sequence effect. After the cleaning process, membrane surface was characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy. One-step static cleaning test indicated that sodium dodecyl sulphate 1% w/v was the most efficient cleaning solution, followed by NaOH 2% w/v. Two-step cleaning tests showed that the procedure that maximized permeate flux recovery was surfactant-alkaline cleaning, whereas the one that maximized the recovery of the salt rejection index was alkaline-acid sequence. Characterization of the membrane surface after the cleaning steps confirmed that fouling deposits were significantly removed.

This work studies the adequacy of different reverse osmosis (RO) pretreatments applied to different petrochemical wastewater effluents. Three effluents from a caprolactam factory were analysed: ion-exchange resin washing effluent (RWE), batch reactor washing effluent and factory outlet effluent. Coagulation–flocculation, microfiltration (MF) and ultrafiltration (UF) were tested as RO pretreatments. Various inorganic coagulants (Aluminium Chloride, Iron (III) Chloride, Aluminium Sulphate and polyaluminium chloride), commercial coagulants (Nophos and ACO) and commercial flocculants (polyacrylamide, CH-30 and active polyfloc) were tested at different dosages and stirring speeds. The highest removal of suspended solids (SS) and the lowest turbidity were obtained for the ion-exchange RWE. Two combinations of coagulants and flocculants were chosen as the most suitable conditions for the coagulation–flocculation process. The ion-exchange RWE was further treated with a combination of MF followed by UF. SS were completely removed and turbidity decreased to 0.136 NTU. The silt density index at 15 min was reduced to 6.41.

Research in cleaning procedures of reverse osmosis membranes used in seawater desalination to minimize costs and achieve high efficiency is necessary. Multi-step cleaning can represent a useful tool, since the cleaning efficiency can be improved by means of utilization of different chemicals with complementary cleaning mechanisms. The objective of this work was the optimization of a two-step cleaning procedure to recover the membrane properties and reduce power costs. Spent Hydranautics SWC3 membranes (USA) were supplied by a desalination plant. Cleaning tests were performed in three stages: one-step static cleaning, two-step static cleaning and characterization of the membrane surface after the cleaning process. Four cleaning agents at two different concentrations were used. All possible combinations of them were considered, including sequence effect. After the cleaning process, membrane surface was characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy. One-step static cleaning test indicated that sodium dodecyl sulphate 1% w/v was the most efficient cleaning solution, followed by NaOH 2% w/v. Two-step cleaning tests showed that the procedure that maximized permeate flux recovery was surfactant-alkaline cleaning, whereas the one that maximized the recovery of the salt rejection index was alkaline-acid sequence. Characterization of the membrane surface after the cleaning steps confirmed that fouling deposits were significantly removed.

Membrane fouling is an intrinsic problem of membrane technology which affects process performance and causes a substantial rise of the operating costs. This becomes central in seawater desalination processes. This study is focused on applying a membrane chemical cleaning protocol to obtain the most adequate cleaning conditions to recover the permselective properties of an irreversibly fouled reverse osmosis membrane from a seawater desalination plant. The research was carried out in three steps: fouling characterization by scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX), atomic force microscopy, attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and elemental analysis; static cleaning tests; and characterization of the membrane surface after the cleaning step. The cleaning process was performed in a static way as a preliminary step. Five of the most widely used cleaning agents were tested (NaOH, citric acid, HCl, sodium dodecyl sulfate [SDS], and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt) at a broad range of concentrations and two different temperatures (25 and 40°C). SEM-EDX analysis showed that foulant compounds were mainly silica, iron silicate, and aluminum silicate, which indicated that fouling was mainly colloidal and inorganic. The best cleaning results were achieved by SDS 0.5% w/w at 40°C, as the greatest recovery of the membrane permselective properties (permeability and salt rejection index) was obtained.

Evaluar la utilidad de la ecografía frente a la capnografía y la radiografía en la intubación traqueal (IT) en niños y neonatos.

Analizar el nivel de desgaste profesional o burnoutque presentaban los médicos de atención primaria de Ávila y la influencia de factores sociales, laborales y de salud en la aparición del mismo.

La mamografía digital resolvió muchos de los problemas asociados a la mamografía analógica. Una opción utilizada con mucha frecuencia para migrar a la técnica digital directa consiste en digitalizar equipos analógicos. Aquí, se describen las características que deben considerarse al momento de digitalizar un mamógrafo analógico para obtener del proceso las mayores ventajas, la mejor imagen y la dosis más baja posible compatible con el contraste óptimo y el ruido más bajo.

Laser experiments were performed on buried, ridge-type channel waveguides in 8 at.% thulium-doped, yttrium–gadolinium–lutetium co-doped potassium double tungstate. By pumping with a Ti:sapphire laser at 794 nm, 1.6 W of output power at 1.84 μm with a maximum slope efficiency of ∼80% was obtained in a laser resonator with a high output-coupling degree of 89%. To the best of our knowledge, this result represents the most efficient 2-μm channel waveguide laser to date.

La cantidad de estudios de tomografía computada (TC) que se llevan a cabo por año en el mundo crece de manera exponencial, fundamentalmente por la incorporación de la tomografía computada multicorte (TCMC) que permite la realización de estudios en pocos segundos. Sin embargo, a pesar del beneficio diagnóstico que tienen los pacientes, la dosis de radiación recibida con este tipo de prácticas es una preocupación en la comunidad profesional, debido a que es necesario disminuirla tanto como sea razonablemente posible.

El constante crecimiento del uso de radiaciones ionizantes en el Diagnóstico por Imágenes nos obliga a mantener una adecuada gestión de las dosis impartidas a los pacientes en cada estudio realizado. La dosimetría en radiología es un tema difícil de abordar, pero de vital importancia para una adecuada estimación de las dosis con las cuales estamos trabajando. La enorme concientización que, día a día, se percibe en nuestro país en estos temas es la respuesta adecuada a esta problemática. El presente artículo describe las principales unidades dosimétricas utilizadas y ejemplifica de manera sencilla, mediante valores de referencia conocidos internacionalmente, las dosis en radiología.

The main goals of this work is the development of a large dual-axis MEMS mirror, ~3mm in diameter, capable of steering a laser beam within an angular cone of 60°. The targeted application involves the control of a laser beam with a particular interest for the resulting far field beam direction and profile. Finite element simulations using ANSYS modeling program were conducted to optimize the mirror design and determine the main characteristics of the mirror. The voltage required to tilt the mirror by 15° around each of the two axes was evaluated to be in the range of 700 V. The construction of this device is based on high precision structural dies assembly which relies on innovative developments in the fields of selective electroplating, deep reactive ion etching (DRIE) and thermocompression flip-chip bonding. The fabrication process involved the microassembly of 4 mirror parts, i.e. address electrodes, thick pedestal, gimbals structure and mirror plate. Single crystal silicon was used as material for the fabrication of the thick pedestal and mirror plate which provided the required large mirror-electrode gap and a high quality mirror with high flatness and low roughness. Soldering based on SnAu was considered for the microassembly of the thick pedestal to the address electrodes die, while Au-Au thermocompression bonding was considered to achieve the assembly of gimbals and mirror. The gimbals were supported by a polyimide sacrificial film to avoid damaging the hinges during mirror plate assembly.

To achieve a reliable method to calculate the hydrocarbon dew point for natural gases in transmission, samples of natural gas were taken at the inlet of the Magreb-Europe pipeline in Spain. The composition up to the C12 fraction of each natural gas sample was determined by gas chromatography, and the dew-point curve was measured using a chilled mirror dew-point analyzer. In this work, we present the experimental measurements of dew points for six samples of natural gas between 1.1 × 105 Pa and 78.4 × 105 Pa in the temperature range from 235.2 to 277.9 K. The experimental results obtained were analyzed in terms of a predictive excess function−equation of state (EF-EOS) method based on the zeroth-approximation of Guggenheim's reticular model. Because the EF-EOS model uses a group contribution model, the availability of every binary experimental data corresponding to every binary interaction in the mixture is not necessary. Considering this and the good results obtained in previous studies, we concluded that the EF-EOS model could be used for proper prediction of the hydrocarbon, water, and water + methanol dew-points of real natural gases, even though binary experimental data for all components of the so-called C6+ fraction are not available. In this work, the capability of this theoretical model for the prediction of hydrocarbon dew points of the studied samples of natural gas is demonstrated within the studied temperature and pressure ranges. In fact, the model reproduces experimental dew-point temperature data within average absolute deviation between 0.4 and 3.0 K when two components are used for characterizing the composition of each heavy fraction of the samples of natural gas and from 1.6 to 2.3 K when all analyzed components are considered for each fraction.