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A case of a non-fatal crocodile attack on a human was reported on the banks of the Segovia River on the Honduras and Nicaragua border. The 12-year-old girl survived the attack, only with damage to the tibia of her right leg, where she lost part of the muscle tissue due to the bite. It was after the attack that the American crocodile was shot and killed by local people. In this paper, we discuss the possible causes of crocodile attacks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although survival for many pediatric cancers has improved with advances in conventional chemotherapeutic regimens and surgical techniques in the last several decades, it remains a leading cause of disease-related death in children. Outcomes in patients with recurrent, refractory, or metastatic disease are especially poor. Recently, the advent of alternative classes of therapies, including immunotherapies, have revolutionized systemic treatment for pediatric malignancies. Several classes of immunotherapies, including chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy, transgenic T-cell receptor (TCR)-T cell therapy, bispecific T-cell engagers, and monoclonal antibody checkpoint inhibitors have been FDA-approved or entered early-phase clinical trials in children and young adults. The pediatric surgeon is likely to encounter these therapies during the care of children with malignancies and should be familiar with the classes of therapy, indications, adverse events, and potential need for surgical intervention in these cases. This review from the APSA Cancer Committee offers a brief discussion of the three most encountered classes of immunotherapy in children and young adults and discusses surgical relevance. IV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Universitaria is the property of Universidad de Guanajuato/Acta Universitaria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Medical records of a veterinary hospital in Belgium were reviewed for dogs (n = 5) that presented between 2016 and 2019 with laryngeal paralysis secondary to bite wounds to the cervical region received while fighting with other dogs. The time elapsed between the trauma and presentation was from a few hours up to 5 days. Bilateral laryngeal paralysis was identified in three dogs and unilateral laryngeal paralysis in two dogs via endoscopic assessment of laryngeal function. The primary concomitant lesions included tracheal injury in 3/5 dogs and oesophageal injury in 1/5 dogs. One dog with bilateral laryngeal paralysis was treated medically as no signs of dyspnoea were present. Surgical management was elected in 4/5 dogs based on evaluation of their clinical status and lesions revealed by endoscopic examination of upper gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts. Dogs underwent surgical procedures that were determined to be appropriate for treatment of the lesions identified on clinical examination, diagnostic imaging, and endoscopy. The cervical region was explored through a ventral midline approach in 2/4 cases, to close tracheal perforations. Temporary tracheostomy was performed in 2/4 cases. Procedures to correct brachycephalic airway obstructive syndrome were performed in 2/4 cases. Cricoarytenoid lateralisation was performed in 2/4 dogs. Dogs were hospitalised for 2–10 days and received antimicrobial therapy before surgery and for 2–3 weeks after surgery. Physical examination and respiratory function were normal in 3/5 dogs 4–6 months after discharge. Information regarding outcomes for two cases was obtained from the owners by telephone assessment 1–6 months after surgery. The owner of each dog reported the respiratory function to be excellent. Uni- or bilateral, transient or permanent laryngeal paralysis with concomitant oesophageal, tracheal, or laryngeal lesions following cervical dog bite injuries diagnosed by endoscopic examination of upper gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts. This case series describes the diagnosis and management of dogs with laryngeal paralysis secondary to cervical dog bite injuries. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first published report documenting bilateral laryngeal paralysis secondary to cervical dog bite injuries. Clinicians should be aware of this pathology and the importance of investigating laryngeal function in dogs presenting with cervical bites, particularly those with inspiratory dyspnoea. Upper airway and digestive endoscopy are recommended for complete assessment of cervical traumatic injuries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bites of the western hognose snake Heterodon nasicus are considered to have a little medical effect, as opposed to other non-front-fanged colubroid snakes (NFFC). The present work highlights 2 cases of H. nasicus bites, likely triggered by negligent handling involving latent prey - rodent or amphibian - odor. In both cases, medical symptoms like swelling, pain and bite site exudation were well defined, but resolved 2-3 days post-bite. Although the effects of a bite and its recovery time may vary considerably, this report may serve as a warning to both keepers and veterinarians. Removing prey animal odors by frequent hand washing, especially before handling H. nasicus snakes, is absolutely essential to avoid bite-related injuries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Leopard attacks on humans are reported most often from the Indian subcontinent. The bite wounds are complex injuries infected with polymicrobial inoculum and may present as punctures, abrasions, lacerations or avulsions. The presentation and acceptable treatment of these injuries vary according to the wound. We hereby describe the clinical presentation and treatment of a male victim with leopard bite injuries on the head and neck region. As bite injuries are commonly found on and around the face, maxillofacial surgeons should be familiar with the therapy. Through thorough clinical and radiological examination, it is essential to prevent missing any hidden injuries, which can easily turn lethal. To benefit the rural population, more health facilities need to be established in remote areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

L'infestation par des puces, ou pulicose, est relativement fréquente chez le chat et le chien, mais l'homme n'est pas épargné. Les morsures de cet ectoparasite sont à l'origine de démangeaisons plus ou moins importantes. Il faut avoir à l'esprit qu'au-delà de l'inconfort qu'elles occasionnent, les puces peuvent être vectrices d'agents pathogènes et d'infections graves. Infestation by fleas, or pulicosis, is relatively frequent in cats and dogs, but humans are not always spared. Bites from this ectoparasite cause itching to a greater or lesser degree. It is important to be aware that beyond the discomfort they cause, fleas can be carriers of serious pathogens and infections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract CLEC12A has recently been identified as an antigen, expressed on leukemic stem cells and leukemic blasts. Given the fact that this expression profile seems stable throughout diagnosis, treatment and relapse on leukemic blasts and leukemic stem cells, CLEC12A can be considered a highly potent and reliable marker for the detection of measurable residual disease and therefore applicable for risk stratification and prognostication in AML. Low CLEC12A expression on leukemic blasts seems to be independently associated with lower likelihood of achieving complete remission after 1 cycle of induction chemotherapy, shorter event free survival, as well as overall survival, indicating potential prognostic properties of CLEC12A expression itself. Lack of expression on the normal hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells, in contrast to CD123 and CD33, might result in less toxicity regarding cytopenias, making CLEC12A an interesting target for innovating immunotherapies, including monoclonal and bispecific antibodies, antibody-drug conjugates and CAR-T cells therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A 74-year-old man was attacked by a wild boar while on his way home from his farm in the daytime in winter 2017 on the rural Izu peninsula. He did not provoke the boar; however, hunters were hunting animals in the mountains near the farm around the same time. The boar bit his left leg, and the man fell to the ground. The boar continued biting the man's left leg, and the man delivered a few kicks to the boar's face with his right leg. The boar then bit his right foot and ran away. The man was taken to a hospital, and a physical examination revealed 3 bite wounds on his left leg and right foot. The wounds were irrigated with sterilized saline and closed with sutures under local anesthesia. He received antibiotics and a tetanus toxoid booster. The next day, his wounds were found to be infected, and pus was drained from them. After these treatments, his wounds healed successfully. Animal bite wounds are frequently contaminated. Accordingly, in addition to early proper wound treatment, close observation of the wound is required for both the early detection of any signs of infection and early medical intervention, including appropriate drainage of pus and irrigation as necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Résumé Dans son exercice quotidien, le pharmacien d’officine est principalement confronté aux plaies des mains, aux brûlures, aux ulcères veineux et artériels, aux escarres et aux plaies post-chirurgicales. Il doit connaître les spécificités de leur prise en charge. Summary In their daily practice, community pharmacists mainly encounter hand wounds, burns, venous and arterial ulcers, pressure sores and post-surgical wounds. They must know the specificities of their treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: The association of bilateral hypertrophy of temporalis and masseteric muscles is a rare clinical entity. The origin of the condition is unclear, causing cosmetic problems, pain, and functional impairment. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In this paper we analyzed 15 patients treated at the Department of Maxillo-Facial Surgery of the University of Naples Federico II, from 2000 to 2013, for temporalis and/or masseteric muscle hypertrophy, and in particular, a rare case of a patient with a marked bilateral swelling of the temporalis and masseteric region, in conjunction with a review of the literature. RESULTS: Fourteen patients have not any kind of postoperatively problems. The last patient had been aware of the swelling for many years and complained of recurrent headaches. We adopted a new protocol fort these patients and the patient was very pleased with the treatment results, and reported a reduction in headaches and a continuation of his well-being, in addition to greater self-confidence. The last follow-up was performed three years after the first treatment, and the patient showed a complete resolution of his symptoms, and just a small increase of the swelling. CONCLUSIONS: The treatment of temporalis and masseteric hypertrophy with Botulin toxin could be an effective option compared to conservative treatment or surgical intervention although the review of the literature shows that this is only a temporary treatment. In fact, surgery still remains the best option. The treatment must be repeated every 4/6 months for 2-3 consecutive years before having stable benefits. To overcome this problem, an association with a bite treatment allowed us to achieve more lasting and more stable results over time without a recurrence of symptoms between the treatments. Furthermore, this association has enabled us to obtain a more rapid reduction of the hypertrophy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We describe an illustrative case of pediatric snake envenomation presenting with a tightly wound tourniquet. A 10-year-old boy presented after a snake bite to the right calf. A tourniquet was in place just below the right knee. The species of snake was unknown. The patient was hemodynamically stable, but the entirety of the right leg distal to the tourniquet was discolored. Over concern for a potential venom bolus effect upon tourniquet removal, the decision was made to start a crotaline Fab antivenom infusion and gradually loosen the tourniquet. The patient tolerated the infusion and removal of the tourniquet without signs of anaphylaxis or decompensation. Dynamic improvements were observed in the right leg and wound site that appeared to be the result of vascular congestion. Tourniquets are generally not recommended for snakebites; however, if a tourniquet is already placed, we avoid removal until prepared to manage acute toxicity or immediate hypersensitivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using a case study of a 57-year-old man with relapsed/refractory precursor-B (pre-B) acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), this review discusses treatment with immunoconjugates and autologous therapy in acute ALL. Three therapies—blinatumomab, inotuzumab, and CAR T cells—are considered here, each with advantages in specific clinical situations. These therapies represent some of the exciting advances that have been made in the treatment of ALL over the last several years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We describe a patient with missed traumatic pneumothorax due to penetrating neck injury that was presumably caused by a stingray while diving. The barb can result in significant injuries to deep structures and organs despite a deceptively small entrance wound. This case underscores the importance of performing a thorough examination and having a high suspicion of distant injury in patients with penetrating neck injuries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: CD33 is a myeloid differentiation antigen with endocytic properties. It is broadly expressed on acute myeloid leukemia (AML) blasts and, possibly, some leukemic stem cells and has therefore been exploited as target for therapeutic antibodies for many years. The improved survival seen in many patients when the antibody-drug conjugate, gemtuzumab ozogamicin, is added to conventional chemotherapy validates this approach. However, many attempts with unconjugated or conjugated antibodies have been unsuccessful, highlighting the challenges of targeting CD33 in AML. With the development of improved immunoconjugates and CD33-directed strategies that harness immune effector cells, therapeutics with enhanced efficacy may soon become available. Toxic effects on normal hematopoietic cells may increase in parallel with this increased efficacy and demand new supportive care measures, including possibly rescue with donor cells, to minimize morbidity and mortality from drug-induced cytopenias and to optimize treatment outcomes with these agents in patients with AML. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Copyright of Revista Colombiana de Obstetricia y Ginecologia is the property of Federacion Colombiana de Asociaciones de Obstetricia y Ginecologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Open bite is a lack of vertical overlap of the anterior teeth in centric occlusion. Diastema is defined as no contacts between proximal teeth. Dentofacial discrepancies negatively affect the speech, masticatory function and aesthetics. Where orthodontic and surgical treatments can not be applied, it is inevitable to carry out the restorative treatments to accomplish the function and the aesthetics. This clinical report presents the rehabilitation of a bilateral open bite with midline maxillary and mandibular diastemas using zirconia ceramic restorations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: In this study, hot pressing technique is introduced to prepare BiTe thermoelectric material, and the hot-pressed and zone-melted BiTe materials are used to make thermoelectric generator(TEG)(TEG1-127-1.4-1.6-250), respectively. The output power performance testing and life test for the TEG are carried out. Results show that the output power performance of hot-pressed BiTe TEG is almost similar with that of zone-melted BiTe TEG in the BOL-Beginning of the life. The maximum output power of 6.22 W and 6.35 W is reached for the hot-pressed and zone-melted BiTe TEG with the hot side temperature of 250 °C and cold side temperature of 30°C, respectively. However, the reliability of hot-pressed BiTe TEG is higher than that of zone-melted BiTe TEG. The decay rate of the open-circuit voltage and maximum output power, and the growth rate of the dynamic inner-resistance of hot-pressed BiTe TEG are much lower than those of zone-melted BiTe TEG with the hot side temperature of 250 °C and total using time of 2200 h in the life test. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The bony tissue is a vital bony who have many capacity of adaptation; from the studies of osteopathy, the mandible receive from the masticatory forces a flexion. The application of hard structures can alter the equilibrium who exist between bony and muscle; for these reasons the authors describe the use of a new resin thermo active "Clear Splint Flexible" that have the peculiar feature to acquire, with the temperature of oral cavity, an elasticity that don't alter the physiologic movement of the structure in which the bite is applied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: This is a retrospective and registry-based descriptive study including animal-related injuries represented by the most crowded Emergency Department (ED) in Eastern Turkey over a period of two years. Animal-related injuries were 0.2% of all ED admittances; dominant in males and were high in summer. 68% of the subjects were exposed to mammalians. Most prominent injuries were dog bites (30%), horse (22%) and livestock-related injuries (12%). Hospitalization was significantly higher in mammalian animal injuries compared to non-mammalian injuries. The highest hospitalization rate was measured for equine-related injuries (15%). In our bite series, dogs were the primary source (69%) while horse-bites (17%) took the second place and they were more than two fold more when compared with cats (7.5%). Dog bites were prominent in children, thus both parents and children should be educated. Insect and snake-related injuries were both low in number and relatively silent in prognosis. Highest temperatures on site were determined for tick-bites, unspecified insect stings and bee stings, respectively. The highest humidity was determined for dog-bites, cat-bites and scorpion stings, respectively. Nonmammalian and sting injuries had higher temperature and lower humidity measurements compared to mammalian and bite injuries. Geographical and meteorological factors may directly affect descriptive epidemiology of animal-related injuries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this prospective longitudinal clinical and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study was to analyze the effect of Activator treatment on the disc-condyle complex and the posterior attachment of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) considering the degree of compliance in the evaluation. The material was comprised of 30 class II, division 1 patients (nine girls and 21 boys) who underwent Activator treatment. The average pretreatment age of the subjects was 11.4 years. Parasagittal MRIs in closed mouth position from before and after one year of Activator treatment were analyzed metrically. Possible clinical and subclinical soft tissue lesions of the posterior attachment of the TMJ were assessed by passive joint loading before, after six months, and after one year of Activator treatment. The overjet was continuously documented as a clinical measure for treatment reaction. To assess patient compliance, the subjects had to perform daily wearing-time records. Furthermore, the Activator was clinically inspected for fitting accuracy and signs of wear. The results revealed the following: (1) during the one-year treatment period the sagittal dental arch relationship improved, but a class I occlusion could not be achieved in all patients; (2) on average, a physiologic position of disc, condyle, and fossa was present both before and after one year of Activator treatment; (3) a pretreatment physiologic disc-condyle relationship was unaffected by Activator therapy; 4) a pretreatment disc displacement could not be repositioned during Activator treatment; (5) the prevalence of a subclinical capsulitis of the inferior stratum of the posterior attachment increased during Activator treatment; and (6) the degree of compliance had no influence on the disc-condyle relationship or the reaction of the posterior attachment of the TMJ. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Posterior ankle synovitis with enlarged posterior talar process was caused by cat bite/scratch. • Infected and swollen ankle was treated successfully by posterior arthroscopic debridement. • There were many advantages in posterior ankle arthroscopy, compared to open ankle surgery. Legs are sometimes infected and swollen by cat bite or scratch. However, there is no report of synovitis with an enlarged talar posterior process in the posterior ankle caused by a cat bite or scratch which was treated by removal of the enlarged process and synovectomy with release of the flexor hallucis longus tendon via posterior ankle arthroscopy. The patient was a 58-year-old woman who had started keeping a cat 7 months earlier. She subsequently sustained cat bite and scratch wounds to her lower legs, which gradually became increasingly swollen. On presentation, there was left lower leg swelling, particularly on the posterior aspect of the ankle. Imaging revealed bone marrow edema in the enlarged posterior talar process and inflammation of the adjacent soft tissue. We excised the enlarged posterior talar process, performed synovectomy, and released the flexor hallucis longus tendon using a posterior arthroscopic technique via standard posterolateral and posteromedial portals. Microbial culture was negative. The patient returned to daily activities approximately 3 weeks after arthroscopic debridement. There was no recurrence at the 1-year follow-up visit. To our knowledge. We report a rare case of posterior ankle synovitis with an enlarged posterior talar process caused by a cat bite or scratch which was treated successfully by posterior ankle arthroscopic debridement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bispecific antibodies consist of antigen recognition sites from two or more antibodies redirecting effector immune cell against target on tumor cells. Rapidly evolving medical technologies enabled engineering and development of recombinant protein products, and this, combined with interest from the pharmaceutical industry, further advanced the bispecific antibody research. Over 50 different types of bispecific antibody constructs are now being manufactured and explored in ongoing or future clinical trials. In this review, we will summarize the available data for bispecific antibodies developed and being investigated for the treatment of patients with acute myeloid leukemia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is without question that immune checkpoint inhibitors and adoptive cellular therapies have revolutionized the treatment of solid and hematologic malignancies. Investigators are now developing novel strategies to integrate these groundbreaking modalities into the care of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and other myeloid malignancies. Here we provide an overview of the most recent developments in immunotherapy for myeloid cancers presented at the 2018 American Society of Hematology annual meeting. Topics discussed include adoptive cellular therapies (CAR-T, NK cell, and vaccines), checkpoint inhibitors, and bispecific T-cell engager (BITE) antibodies. Despite reservations regarding low antigenicity and having long been considered a "cold" tumor, immunotherapy remains a highly promising strategy for patients with aggressive myeloid cancers like myelodysplasia (MDS) and AML. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Members of arthropod classes Chilopoda (centipedes), Diplopoda (millipedes), and Arachnida (spiders and scorpions) cause tissue injury via bites, stings, and/or a release of toxins. A few members of the Acari subclass of Arachnida (mites and ticks) can transmit a variety of infectious diseases, but this review will cover the noninfectious manifestations of these vectors. Dermatologists should be familiar with the injuries caused by these arthropods in order to initiate proper treatment and recommend effective preventative measures. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]