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Dans le cadre du développement des actions de pharmacie clinique au sein d’un centre hospitalo-universitaire (CHU), des entretiens pharmaceutiques ciblés post-syndrome coronarien aigu (SCA) ont été mis en place en 2019 dans l’unité de soins intensifs de cardiologie (USIC). Ces derniers sont réalisés par des pharmaciens, internes ou étudiants en 5eannée hospitalo-universitaire (5 AHU). En raison de l’augmentation de cette activité et de la multiplicité des intervenants, il a paru indispensable de structurer la formation à ces entretiens.

The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), which preferentially infects B cells, persists in the infected subject as a latent asymptomatic infection. In adolescents, infectious mononucleosis is the symptomatic manifestation of primary EBV infection. The viral latency in the memory B-cells, the reservoir cells in peripheral blood in individuals is controlled by CD4 and CD8 positive T-cells. Immunodeficient patients are at high risk of developing EBV driven B-cell lymphomas as the consequence of the expression of oncogenic latency proteins LMP1 and EBNA2. These proteins expressed in infected B cells identify latency III or proliferation program in virus transformed B-cell, leading to lymphoid proliferation. In addition to immunodeficiency-related lymphomas, the most frequent lymphoid malignancies associated with EBV are the endemic Burkitt lymphoma, Hodgkin lymphoma and nasal type T-cell lymphoma.

The discovery of the four-step, double autocatalytic mechanism by which transition-metal organometallic and metal-salt precursors self-assemble into zerovalent transition-metal nanoclusters under reductive conditions is reported. The prototype system investigated is (1,5-COD)PtCl2 reduction under hydrogen plus 2 equiv of Bu3N and 2 equiv of Proton Sponge (1,8-bis(dimethylamino)naphthalene). The reaction stoichiometry is established by TEM, XPS, NMR, and GLC. A concomitant, fast, cyclohexene hydrogenation reporter reaction is employed to monitor the kinetics of Pt⁰ product/catalyst formation and agglomeration. After 15 alternative mechanisms were ruled out, a minimalistic (“Ockham's Razor”) mechanism is proposed consisting of four steps:  slow continuous nucleation, A → B (rate constant k1), fast autocatalytic surface growth, A + B → 2B (rate constant k2), bimolecular agglomeration, B + B → C (rate constant k3), and a new, unprecedented autocatalytic agglomeration step between small (B) and larger, bulk-metal-like (C) particles, B + C → 1.5C (rate constant k4). The results provide the following:  a rare case of a mechanism with two autocatalytic steps in the same reaction scheme (“double autocatalysis”); the most general mechanism to date by which transition-metal nanoparticles nucleate, grow, and agglomerate to bulk metal under reductive conditions; probably the best understood self-assembly mechanism to date for such a large system in which the extensive kinetic studies required for reliable mechanistic deduction also exist; kinetic curves that can have step-function-like shapes; and insights for the synthesis of nanoclusters vs bulk-metal films (notably that higher temperature and lower concentrations favor nanocluster formation, while the opposite conditions favor bulk-metal production). A summary section details the main conclusions plus caveats and remaining questions/future research goals.

Preliminary abundances of lithium and a few other elements have been obtained for 31 field Am stars with good Hipparcos parallaxes, as well as for 36 normal A and F stars. Radial and projected rotational velocities were determined as well. We examine the Li abundance as a function of the stellar parameters: for normal stars, it is clearly bimodal for Teff< 7500K, while Am-Fm stars are all somewhat Li-deficient in this range. The most Li-deficient stars – either Am or normal – tend to be at least slightly evolved, but the reverse is not true.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa elastase was used to synthesize various N-protected dipeptide amides. The identity of the products was confirmed by FAB+-MS. After recrystallization, the yield of their synthesis was calculated, their purity was checked by RP-HPLC and their melting point was measured. With regard to the hydrolysis, it is well-established that the enzyme prefers hydrophobic amino acids in P′1 position and it has a wide specificity for the P1 position. This specificity was demonstrated to be quite unchanged when comparing the initial rates of peptide bond formation between different carboxyl donors (Z-aa) and nucleophiles (aa-NH2). The elastase, but not the thermolysin, was notably able to incorporate tyrosine and tryptophan in P′1 position. Furthermore, synthesis initial rates were at least 100 times faster with the elastase. To overcome the problematic condensation of some amino acids during chemical peptide synthesis, it has been previously suggested that enzymatic steps can combine with a chemical strategy. We demonstrated that the elastase readily synthesizes dipeptide derivatives containing various usual N-protecting groups. It was especially able to condense phenylalaninamide to Fmoc- and Boc-alanine. Increasing interest in peptides containing unnatural amino acids led us to try the elastase-catalyzed synthesis of Z-dipeptide amides including those amino acids in the P1 position. A synthesis was demonstrated with αAbu, Nle, Nva and Phg.

Twenty-eight male subjects underwent a maximal exercise test on an ergometric bicycle, 13 untrained and 15 trained subjects.

USING a conditioned aversion paradigm we reported previously that dopaminergic (DA) responses were opposite in the core part of the nucleus accumbens depending on the affective value of the stimulus. The opposite responses were more marked in the left hemisphere. Anatomo-functional similarities between the core part of the nucleus accumbens and the dorsal striatum have been described. In the present study we tested the hypothesis that DA responses in the left ventromedial part of dorsal striatum (VMS) depend on the affective value of the stimulus. Responses of DA neurons were studied using in vivovoltammetry coupled with computer-assisted numerical analysis. A rapid and marked DA increase and a delayed DA decrease were observed in rats presented to the appetitive and the aversive olfactory stimulus, respectively.

In liver cells from fed rats, lactate utilization depends on its extracellular concentration and the threshold concentration at which lactate uptake equilibrates release is about 3 mM. Even-chain fatty acids (butyrate, octanoate, or oleate) played a crucial role (i) to depress the lactate release, from 40% (butyrate or oleate) to 72% (octanoate), and (ii) to lower the threshold concentration for lactate utilization (down to 1 mM with octanoate). The effects of fatty acids were connected to their inhibition of hepatic glycolysis, estimated by the detritiation of [6-3H]glucose (about −30% with butyrate or oleate and −45% with octanoate). Fatty acids depressed the cellular concentration of pyruvate which, at physiological concentration of lactate, favors its utilization. The rise in ketone bodies concentration in response to fatty acids reflected an enhanced acetyl CoA production, resulting in an accumulation of citrate. In parallel there was a drop of the cellular concentration of fructose 2,6-biphosphate. As a result, there was an inhibition of the flux through 6-phosphofructo-1 kinase (50, 75, or 40% inhibition with butyrate, octanoate, or oleate, respectively). The other regulatory glycolysis steps, catalyzed by glucokinase and pyruvate kinase, were not affected by fatty acids. Inhibition of hepatic glycolysis by fatty acids seems connected to acetyl-CoA generation since octanoate, readily metabolized to acetyl-CoA and ketone bodies by hepatocytes, had a more potent stimulatory effect on the hepatic uptake of lactate than butyrate or oleate. Propionate, which yields practically no acetyl CoA, slightly stimulated lactate release and elevated the threshold of lactate utilization. The present data suggest thus that, in hepatocytes from fed rats, fatty acids effectively inhibit glycolysis and switch liver cell metabolism toward gluconeogenic conditions, which promotes lactate utilization.

A large stack of emulsion has been exposed in the 4.3 GeV π-beam of the Berkeley Bevatron. 317 K+and 96 K-stopping in the stack have been observed; 184 K+and 66 K-have been followed back to an originating star made by a beam π-. The origins of K-are larger than those of K-, as far as the numbers of black and grey prongs are concerned, and the emission of the K-is more concentrated in the forward direction than that of the K+. Charged gS of moderate energy have been observed in the origin of K+; their frequency is 0.170.36+0.12per star. The mean free paths for production of K+and K-of energy < 150 MeV in emulsion are (4 700± 1200) cm and (24000± 7000) cm respectively. The majority of the K+stopping in the stack are probably produced in secondary collisions in the nucleus of pions resulting from the first impact of the incoming π-A larger fraction of the K-is probably produced in the first collision. Approximate values of the production cross-sections of strange, particles by the collisions of 4.3 GeV π-with nucleons can be deduced from the study of suitably selected small origins of K+and K-. The cross-section for the production of K+is ∼ 0.7 mb. For K-, it is probably ≥ 0.3 mb. It, thus appears that as the pion energy increases from 1 to 4 GeV, there is no pronounced increase in the total cross-section for strange-particle production. The K K production becomes a substantial fraction of the total, and the direct hyperon production probably remains about constant or decreases. Un grosso pacco di emulsioni è stato esposto al fascio di π-di 4.3 GeV del bevatrone di Berkeley. Si sono osservati 317 K+e 96 K-arrestati nel pacoo. 184 K+e 66 K-sono stati seguiti all’indietro fino a una Stella originaria prodotta da uno dei π-del fascio. Le origini dei K+sono più ampie di quelle dei K-per quanto riguarda il numero di rami neri e grigi e l’emissione dei K-è più concentrata in avanti di quella dei K-. All’origine dei K+si sono osservati gS carichi di moderata energia; la loro frequenza è 0.17-0.060.12per Stella. I cammini liberi medi per la produzione di K+e K-di < 150 MeV in emulsione sono rispettivamente ({dy4700} ±1200) cm e (24000 ±7000) cm. La maggioranza dei K+arrestati nel pacco sono probabilmente prodotti in collisioni nucleari secondarie dei pioni risultanti dal primo urto dei π-incidenti. Una frazione maggiore dei K-è probabilmente prodotta nella prima collisione. Valori approssimati delle sezioni d’urto di produzione di particelle strane nella collisione dei π-di 4.3 GeV coi nucleoni si possono dedurre dallo studio di ristrette origini di K+e K-opportunamente scelte. La sezione d’urto per la produzione di K+è ∼ 0.7 mb. Per i K-è probabilmente ≥ 0.3 mb. Appare pertanto che, crescendo l’energia dei pioni da 1 a 4 GeV, non si ha un aumento pronunciato della sezione d’urto totale per la produzione di particelle strane. La produz one K-K risulta essere una sostanziale frazione del totale e la produzione diretta di iperoni resta probabilmente costante o decresce.

•L’épidémie de SARS-CoV-2 a contraint les établissements hospitaliers à augmenter le nombre d’unités de soins critiques•Les pharmacies hospitalières ont dû répondre dans des délais très courts aux besoins en médicaments et dispositifs médicaux.•La présence de préparateurs affectés dans les unités de soins critiques à la gestion des produits pharmaceutiques en étroite collaboration avec les médecins et le personnel infirmier depuis plusieurs années a été un facteur déterminant dans la conduite des opérations.•Le calcul quotidien des quantités notamment de curares consommées par patient a constitué un élément clé pour ajuster les commandes et les livraisons et préparer les changements de spécialités imposés par les ruptures d’approvisionnement.•Cet épisode de crise légitime la question de l’extension de l’ouverture de la pharmacie d’un centre hospitalo-universitaire en équipe complète 365 jours par an.

We derive an analytic expression describing the intensity and field frequency dependence of photorefractive gain in two-beam coupling under an alternating square-wave electric field. We determine the frequency and intensity ranges over which the gain is maximum and time independent. Experimental results for Bi_12GeO_20 crystals are presented.