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1,363 results on '"Bernard C"'

2. Effectiveness of a multimodal strategy to reduce external ventricular drain–associated infection: A quasi-experimental study.

Author

Pongkaew, Chaiwat, Noiphithak, Raywat, Rukskul, Pataravit, Yodwisithsak, Pornchai, Tantongtip, Dilok, Nimmannitya, Pree, Punyarat, Prachya, Duangprasert, Gahn, Kaewwichai, Wadrawee, Songphul, Sirada, Chancharoenrat, Watcharee, Jantarathaneewat, Kittiya, Chokaouychai, Chattrabongkot, Sukhor, Sasikan, Apisarnthanarak, Piyaporn, Camins, Bernard C., Weber, David J., and Apisarnthanarak, Anucha

Abstract

Infection is a serious complication in neurosurgical patients who undergo external ventricular drain (EVD) insertion. We conducted a quasi-experimental study in patients who underwent EVD insertion to evaluate the impact of a multi-modal strategy to reduce the incidence of external ventricular drain associated infections (EVDAIs). The study was divided into 2 periods; (1) the pre-intervention period when techniques for EVD insertion and maintenance were up to the discretion of the neurosurgeons and (2) the post-intervention after implementation of a multi-modal strategy (cefazolin antibiotic prophylaxis, preoperative chlorhexidine showers, application of postoperative chlorhexidine-impregnated dressing, limited manipulation of the EVD, and meticulous EVD management). The primary outcome was the incidence rate of EVDAIs; secondary outcomes included in-hospital mortality rate, the hospital length of stay. In total, 135 patients were included. The incidence rate of EVDAIs was significantly reduced in the post-intervention period (5.6 cases/1,000 EVD-days) compared with the pre-intervention period (18.2 cases/1,000 EVD-days; P =0.026). There were no differences in all secondary outcomes analyzed. This multi-modal strategy was associated with high satisfaction among health care personnel. Implementation of a multi-modal strategy was associated with a reduction in the incidence of EVDAIs. This was in line with our goal of promoting a new culture of safety despite being in a resource-limited setting. • Multi-modal strategy reduced EVDAI rates. • Multi-modal strategy did not reduce the hospital length of stay and the mortality. • Multi-modal strategy can be implemented without barriers by neurosurgical staff. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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3. Cost and outcomes of acute cardiovascular disease hospitalizations in a tertiary hospital in Ghana.

Author

Appiah, Lambert Tetteh, Nguah, Samuel Blay, Opare-Addo, Priscilla Abrafi, Fugar, Setri, Holu, Jessey Mahama, Commodore-Mensah, Yvonne, Nkum, Bernard C., Agyemang, Charles, and Sarfo, Fred Stephen

Subjects
CARDIOVASCULAR diseases, ACUTE diseases, HEALTH facilities, ECONOMIC statistics, ECONOMIC impact
Abstract

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are on the rise in Sub-Saharan Africa. The management of these CVDs comes at an exorbitant cost to both individuals and health institutions. However, data on the economic impact of the most common CVDs in Ghana are lacking. Our objective was to describe the in-patient cost and outcomes of acute CVD admissions in a leading teaching hospital in Ghana. We retrospectively reviewed hospital admissions, cost of hospitalization, length of stay, and CVD outcomes following admissions between January 2018 and December 2019. A total of 1975 patients with a mean age of 62.2 (±16.1) years were admitted over the study period of which 52.6% were males.The top 3 most prevalent CVDs among admitted patients were stroke(48.5%), hypertensive urgencies/emergencies(42.7%), and heart failure(29.4%). The overall case fatality rate (CFR) was 21.5% (95% CI: 19.7%−23.3%). The CFR for stroke, hypertensive urgencies/emergencies, and heart failure were 28.9%, 17.6%, and 14.1%, respectively. Median (IQR) length of stay and cost of treatment across all CVDs was 5(3–9) days and USD $195.29(137.9–288.9), respectively. The highest median cost for admission was for stroke (USD $211.19). The average cost of CVD hospitalization is over a hundred times the daily minimum wage of the average Ghanaian. A greater emphasis on primordial and primary prevention is warranted to curtail the economic burden of CVDs in developing economies such as Ghana. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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4. Host–pathobiont interactions in Crohn’s disease

Author

Caruso, Roberta, Lo, Bernard C., Chen, Grace Y., and Núñez, Gabriel

Abstract

The mammalian intestine is colonized by trillions of microorganisms that are collectively referred to as the gut microbiota. The majority of symbionts have co-evolved with their host in a mutualistic relationship that benefits both. Under certain conditions, such as in Crohn’s disease, a subtype of inflammatory bowel disease, some symbionts bloom to cause disease in genetically susceptible hosts. Although the identity and function of disease-causing microorganisms or pathobionts in Crohn’s disease remain largely unknown, mounting evidence from animal models suggests that pathobionts triggering Crohn’s disease-like colitis inhabit certain niches and penetrate the intestinal tissue to trigger inflammation. In this Review, we discuss the distinct niches occupied by intestinal symbionts and the evidence that pathobionts triggering Crohn’s disease live in the mucus layer or near the intestinal epithelium. We also discuss how Crohn’s disease-associated mutations in the host disrupt intestinal homeostasis by promoting the penetration and accumulation of pathobionts in the intestinal tissue. Finally, we discuss the potential role of microbiome-based interventions in precision therapeutic strategies for the treatment of Crohn’s disease.

Published
2024
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5. Roosevelt High School Principals: Personal Reflections

Author

Bonner, Fred A, Johnsen, Susan K., Davis, Rosemary A., Jones, Byron E., Morgan, Randall C., and Watson, Bernard C.

Abstract

Graduates of Roosevelt High School remember their experiences, specifically the principals. Bernard Watson introduces the other authors’ personal reflections by describing the environment, his relationships with the principals and his fellow students, and the long-term effects of the school on its graduates. Following this introduction, Randall C. Morgan remembers his grandfather, H. Theo Tatum, who everyone knew and respected and who crafted a sense of excellence in the students. The other two principals—Warren Anderson and Robert Eugene Jones—are remembered by their children. Rosemary Davis remembers her father, Anderson, as being energized by teaching, learning, and interacting with teachers and students. He believed in producing well-rounded students, those with both physical as well as intellectual skills. Byron Jones remembers his father, Robert Jones, as also having a passion for teaching and leading. He honored students’ achievements and increased the number who graduated with honors. These personal memories support the importance of leadership within an elite African-American school’s culture.

Published
2024
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6. Over-the-Air Multisensor Collaboration for Resource Efficient Joint Detection

Author

Feres, Carlos, Levy, Bernard C., and Ding, Zhi

Abstract

We develop a resource-efficient framework for collaborative decision-making over distributed sensor networks by proposing a novel over-the-air soft information aggregation. We exploit the natural superposition of wireless transmissions to enable sensors to utilize over-the-air computation to approximate the sufficient statistic for optimum detection over a shared channel. By designing practical transmission and receiver processing in over-the-air computation, the decision-making fusion center can wirelessly obtain a good approximation of the aggregate log-likelihood ratio computed over all observed data with low distortion. Focusing on Neyman-Pearson tests for detection in this new framework, we develop efficient tests and analyze their performance bounds in several common joint detection scenarios. Our results show significant over-the-air collaboration gain even with a few participating sensors. The novel framework exhibits very little performance loss of detection accuracy against traditional multiple access transmission from sensing nodes despite substantial resource savings via over-the-air computation.

Published
2024
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8. Thermal gradient in polymeric particles during the cold spray process

Author

Bernard, C. A., Takana, H., Diguet, G., Lame, O., Ogawa, K., and Cavaillé, J.-Y.

Abstract

Understanding the particle history during the cold spray process is primordial to better apprehend the particle's mechanical behavior during the impact. If the particle velocity can easily be measured using a high-speed camera, measuring the particle temperature remains a challenge. A solution is to perform numerical simulations of the process using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. However, most CFD simulation results only give an idea of the particle average temperature. Although it would be valid for metallic particles which exhibit a small temperature difference between the particle core and surface with high thermal stability, it is not the case for polymeric material, because of their low thermal conductivity. In this paper, the thermal gradient of a polymer particle is investigated. While small particles exhibit a uniform temperature distribution, a large temperature gradient is observed for particle diameter larger than 30 µm. In addition, assuming that the particle is spherical without rotation during the flight, the particle exhibits melting at the front. Such a phenomenon can have considerable consequences on the particle behavior during the impact. Furthermore, the influence of the feeding rate on the particle temperature distribution is investigated. If the particles are well diluted inside the nozzle (low feeding rate), the difference in the average temperature of two successive particles is limited to 5 K.

Published
2023
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18. The effect of fixation stability on stereopsis in school-age children

Author

Kress, Bernard C., Czarske, Jürgen W., Serpa, Evita, Alecka, Madara, Berzina, Asnate, Goliskina, Viktrorija, Kassaliete, Evita, Klavisnska, Anete, Koleda, Marija, Mikelsone, Rita, Ozola, Elizabete, Ruza, Tomass, Svede, Aiga, Toloka, Daniela, Vasiljeva, Sofija, Volberga, Liva, Ceple, Ilze, and Krumina, Gunta

Published
2023
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