Search

The stress dependence of the magnetic properties of non-oriented (NO) Fe-Si steel sheets has been investigated by measurement and analysis of hysteresis loop, magnetization curve, and energy losses taken at different peak polarization values ${J} _{p}$ (0.5–1.5 T) between dc and ${f} =400$ Hz. The salient feature of the material response to the stress lies in the monotonic deterioration of the soft magnetic properties, across the whole ( ${J} _{p} - {f}$ ) domain, on passing from the maximum tensile stress ( $\sigma =+30$ MPa) to the maximum compression ( $\sigma =-30$ MPa). This is understood in terms of stress-induced redistribution of the domains between easy axes, making magnetic hardening by compression directly related to unfavorably directed domains and 90° domain-wall-mediated magnetization transitions. The loss decomposition is carried out across the whole investigated frequency range, taking into account the skin effect at the highest frequencies. Quasi-static and dynamic losses follow similar behaviors, both monotonically increasing on passing from the tensile to the compressive stress limits, according to the theoretically expected relationship existing between the hysteresis and the excess loss components.

Acute leukaemias are life-threatening haematological cancers characterised by the infiltration of transformed immature haematopoietic cells in the blood and bone marrow. Prompt and accurate diagnosis of the three main acute leukaemia subtypes (ie acute lymphocytic leukaemia [ALL], acute myeloid leukaemia [AML], and acute promyelocytic leukaemia [APL]) is of utmost importance to guide initial treatment and prevent early mortality but requires cytological expertise that is not always available. We aimed to benchmark different machine-learning strategies using a custom variable selection algorithm to propose an extreme gradient boosting model to predict leukaemia subtypes on the basis of routine laboratory parameters.

High frequencies are ubiquitous in present-day power applications: most electrical equipment, like rotating machines, are supplied by pulsewidth modulation (PWM) switching inverters, often working at tens or hundreds of kilohertz. PWM is responsible for minor cycles along the major hysteresis loop of the magnetic core, lasting a few microseconds. Such minor loops can cause deep skin effects, even if the thinnest today available laminations (0.1–0.2 mm thick sheets) are used. Common mode currents in the megahertz range, flowing from the electrical machine windings to the machine chassis through capacitive effects, can engender strong electromagnetic disturbances and bearing damages. A correct prediction of high-frequency phenomena is necessary, for example, for the accurate calculation of common mode filters, requiring a magnetic model of the laminated cores suited to high frequencies and low induction values and the ensuing dramatic skin effect. For power conversion applications, such as embedded planar transformers, the mandatory reduction of volume and cross-sectional area of the core, often made of high-permeability grain-oriented (HGO) sheets, imposes the increase of the conversion frequency from a few hundred hertz to several kilohertz and high peak induction values. The skin effect in this case is affected by the non-linear saturable magnetic response of the material and its treatment requires non-trivial experimental methods and modeling approaches. In this work, we discuss physically based modeling of the magnetization process and energy loss in magnetic sheets at high frequencies. We focus first on the low induction regimes occurring in thin non-oriented (NO) Fe–Si laminations. We consider then the case of high inductions, as encountered in power conversion devices using NO, HGO, and Fe–Co alloys, where non-linear models, possibly validated by magneto-optical observations of the domain wall (dw) dynamics, are developed and implemented.

Background: Recent pharmaceutical breakthroughs in neuromuscular diseases may considerably change the prognosis and natural history these diseases. The ability to measure clinically relevant outcomes such as motor function is critical for the assessment of therapeutics and the follow up of individuals. The Motor Function Measure (MFM) is a quantitative scale designed to measure motor function in adult and children with neuromuscular disease (NMD).Objective: The objective of this study is to assess the quality and level of evidence of the MFM’s published measurement properties by completing a systematic review of the validation and responsiveness studies of the MFM20 (a 20-item version of MFM adapted for children 2 to 6 years of age) and the MFM32 (the original 32 item version), in all NMDs and in specific diseases.Methods: A search for MFM responsiveness and MFM validation studies was completed in February 2023 in EMBASE, MEDLINE, SCOPUS and Web of Science databases. The PRISMA guidelines and the COSMIN manual for systematic reviews were followed for databases searches, articles screening and selection, study quality and measurement properties evaluation.Results: 49 studies were included in analysis. In studies including individuals with all NMDs, MFM’s internal consistency, reliability, convergent validity, construct validity and responsiveness were rated as sufficient with a high quality of evidence. Structural validity was rated sufficient with a moderate quality of evidence In SMA in particular, MFM’s reliability, internal consistency, convergent validity, discriminant validity and responsiveness are sufficient with a high quality of evidence. More studies would be required to assess specific measurement properties in different diseases. MFM32’s minimal clinically relevant difference has been defined between 2 and 6%.Conclusion: MFM’s structural validity, internal consistency, reliability, construct validity, convergent validity and responsiveness have been verified with moderate to high level of evidence.

Recent pharmaceutical breakthroughs in neuromuscular diseases may considerably change the prognosis and natural history these diseases. The ability to measure clinically relevant outcomes such as motor function is critical for the assessment of therapeutics and the follow up of individuals. The Motor Function Measure (MFM) is a quantitative scale designed to measure motor function in adult and children with neuromuscular disease (NMD). The objective of this study is to assess the quality and level of evidence of the MFM’s published measurement properties by completing a systematic review of the validation and responsiveness studies of the MFM20 (a 20-item version of MFM adapted for children 2 to 6 years of age) and the MFM32 (the original 32 item version), in all NMDs and in specific diseases. A search for MFM responsiveness and MFM validation studies was completed in February 2023 in EMBASE, MEDLINE, SCOPUS and Web of Science databases. The PRISMA guidelines and the COSMIN manual for systematic reviews were followed for databases searches, articles screening and selection, study quality and measurement properties evaluation. 49 studies were included in analysis. In studies including individuals with all NMDs, MFM’s internal consistency, reliability, convergent validity, construct validity and responsiveness were rated as sufficient with a high quality of evidence. Structural validity was rated sufficient with a moderate quality of evidence In SMA in particular, MFM’s reliability, internal consistency, convergent validity, discriminant validity and responsiveness are sufficient with a high quality of evidence. More studies would be required to assess specific measurement properties in different diseases. MFM32’s minimal clinically relevant difference has been defined between 2 and 6%. MFM’s structural validity, internal consistency, reliability, construct validity, convergent validity and responsiveness have been verified with moderate to high level of evidence.

Le système Rezum est un traitement mini-invasif de l’hypertrophie bénigne de prostate recommandée pour des volumes prostatiques entre 30 à 80 grammes. Nous comparons les résultats après traitement entre des petites prostates<80 grammes (PP) et des grosses prostates>80 grammes (GP).

Bien que conçue pour une utilisation en cabinet, la thérapie thermique à la vapeur d’eau (RezumTM) est une procédure douloureuse, et une sédation orale ou intraveineuse est souvent nécessaire. Le cathéter de Schelin® (ProstaLund AB, Lund, Suède) est une sonde vésicale innovante qui permet une anesthésie locale de la prostate par voie transurétrale et stérile. Notre objectif était d’évaluer la sécurité et la faisabilité du RezumTM pour les symptômes du bas appareil urinaire chez l’homme dus à une hyperplasie bénigne de la prostate (SBAU/HBP) avec une anesthésie locale délivrée par le cathéter de Schelin®.

ObjectiveTransplacental passage of maternal anti-SSA and anti-SSB antibodies, potentially associated with maternal autoimmune diseases, can cause neonatal lupus syndrome. Given the paucity of data in this setting, we report short- and long-term outcomes of mothers of offspring with congenital heart block (CHB).MethodsThis retrospective study included anti-SSA/SSB antibody–positive mothers of fetuses with high-degree CHB and focused on their health status before pregnancy, at CHB diagnosis, and thereafter.ResultsWe analyzed 215 women with at least 1 pregnancy with CHB. Prior to this diagnosis, only 52 (24%) mothers had been diagnosed with an autoimmune disease, mainly systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE; n = 26, 12%) and Sjo¨gren syndrome (SS; n = 16, 7%). Six more were diagnosed with an autoimmune disease during the index pregnancy. Of the 157 mothers (73%) with no such diagnosis at childbirth, 77 (49%) developed one after a median follow-up of 11 years (range: 21 days to 54 years). By the end of follow-up, 135 women (63%) had an autoimmune disease diagnosis, mainly SLE (n = 54, 25%) and SS (n = 72, 33%). Three patients with SLE had renal involvement, and only 6 (3%) had required an immunosuppressive drug at any point. The symptoms best predicting autoimmune disease development were arthralgia and myalgia (P< 0.001), dry syndrome (P= 0.01), and parotid swelling (P= 0.05).ConclusionOne-quarter of the patients had an autoimmune disease diagnosis at the time of the fetal CHB diagnosis. Nearly half of those without an initial diagnosis progressed during follow-up, most without severe manifestations. Severe diseases such as lupus nephritis were rarely seen, and immunosuppressive drugs were rarely required.

Background: Although there is growing utilisation of intermediate care to improve the health and well-being of older adults with complex care needs, there is no international agreement on how it is defined, limiting comparability between studies and reducing the ability to scale effective interventions. Aim: To identify and define the characteristics of intermediate care models. Methods: A scoping review, a modified two-round electronic Delphi study involving 27 multi-professional experts from 13 countries, and a virtual consensus meeting were conducted. Results: Sixty-six records were included in the scoping review, which identified four main themes: transitions, components, benefits and interchangeability. These formed the basis of the first round of the Delphi survey. After Round 2, 16 statements were agreed, refined and collapsed further. Consensus was established for 10 statements addressing the definitions, purpose, target populations, approach to care and organisation of intermediate care models. Discussion: There was agreement that intermediate care represents time-limited services which ensure continuity and quality of care, promote recovery, restore independence and confidence at the interface between home and acute services, with transitional care representing a subset of intermediate care. Models are best delivered by an interdisciplinary team within an integrated health and social care system where a single contact point optimises service access, communication and coordination. Conclusions: This study identified key defining features of intermediate care to improve understanding and to support comparisons between models and studies evaluating them. More research is required to develop operational definitions for use in different healthcare systems.

Toulouse Métropole, territoire à forts enjeux en zones inondables de la Garonne et de ses affluents, a engagé un diagnostic de vulnérabilité et l'élaboration d'une stratégie métropolitaine de gestion et de prévention des inondations sur 41 communes dans l'optique d'améliorer la résilience territoriale. Le diagnostic a permis de recenser et localiser un nombre important d'enjeux sur un vaste territoire, de conduire une analyse de vulnérabilité selon une approche multithématique tout en mettant l'accent sur l'intégration du risque dans l'aménagement. Au niveau de la gouvernance, la concertation a pris une place primordiale avec une large association des communes, des parties prenantes et partenaires au sein d'ateliers de concertation innovants permettant une réelle co-construction. Par ce processus participatif, la démarche a permis une forte sensibilisation des différents acteurs, une prise de conscience politique des responsabilités de chacun, le développement d'une réelle volonté d'adaptation du territoire à travers une solidarité territoriale et une diversité des maîtrises d'ouvrages. Cette expérience a permis une appropriation politique sur une vision de long terme (échéance 2035) d'une thématique technique, complexe et peu mobilisatrice, surtout sur un territoire n'ayant pas une mémoire vécue de ce risque et un sentiment de protection particulier de la ville centre endiguée. Une nouvelle dynamique est lancée grâce à l'inversion du regard apportée par les principes de la directive inondation : la prise de conscience sur les conséquences dramatiques des inondations, la place du risque inondation au cœur de l'aménagement du territoire et l'implication de tous les acteurs dans la mise en œuvre opérationnelle de la stratégie.

The efficacy and safety of telavancin versus vancomycin in microbiologically evaluable patients with hospital-acquired or ventilator-associated pneumonia (HAP/VAP) caused by Staphylococcus aureuswith vancomycin minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ≥ 1.0 µg/mL was analyzed using data derived from previously reported Assessment of Telavancin for Treatment of Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia (ATTAIN) trials. This post hoc subgroup analysis of two randomized, double-blind, comparator-controlled, parallel-group phase 3 trials conducted at 274 sites in 38 countries included 194 microbiologically evaluable patients with HAP/VAP caused by monomicrobial S. aureuswith vancomycin MIC ≥ 1.0 µg/mL. Patients received intravenous telavancin (10 mg/kg every 24 h) or intravenous vancomycin (1 g every 12 h with site-specific modifications) for 7–21 days. Efficacy was assessed by clinical cure, defined as improvement or non-progression of radiographic findings at end of treatment and resolution of pneumonia signs and symptoms at follow-up/test-of-cure visits, and survival 28 days post-randomization. Safety was assessed from categorical shifts in creatinine clearance during therapy and adverse events (AEs). Clinical cure rates were numerically greater following telavancin versus vancomycin treatment overall (85.4% vs. 74.3%; treatment difference [95% confidence interval (CI)], 11.1% [− 0.002%, 22.2%]) and in patients aged ≥ 65 years (81.6% vs. 66.2%; treatment difference [95% CI], 15.5% [− 0.9%, 30.2%]) patients with VAP (92.3% vs. 47.6%; treatment difference [95% CI], 44.7% [18.1%, 64.9%]), and patients with baseline Acute Physiology And Chronic Health Evaluation II score ≥ 20 (71.4% vs. 55.6%; treatment difference [95% CI], 15.9% [− 11.7%, 40.5%]). Renal function declined in 7 (7.9%) patients receiving telavancin and 6 (5.7%) patients receiving vancomycin. Survival proportion was numerically higher (85.2% vs. 80.2%; treatment difference [95% CI], 5.0% [− 5.8%, 15.8%]) and AEs were comparable in patients treated with telavancin versus vancomycin. Telavancin is an alternative to vancomycin for HAP/VAP caused by S. aureuswith vancomycin MIC ≥ 1 µg/mL. Theravance Biopharma R&D, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA.

Background:Congenital thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (cTTP) is an ultra-rare, life-threatening deficiency of ADAMTS13. TTP clinical manifestations include thrombocytopenia and microangiopathic hemolytic anemia (MAHA) but incomplete understanding of their relationship to ADAMTS13 exposure is a challenge for assessing the impact of ADAMTS13 supplementation. Integrated population pharmacokinetics (PopPK) analysis and exposure-response modeling were conducted to support the clinical benefit assessment of recombinant ADAMTS13 (rADAMTS13; Takeda Development Center Americas, Inc., Lexington, MA, USA) in patients with cTTP.

Amorphous solids, such as certain polymers, alloys, and polymer-based composites,are increasingly used materials in engineering components and thus, their fatigue behavioris of utmost importance. The article presents a unified approach suitable for modeling bothisothermal high cycle and low cycle fatigue behavior. The emphasis is placed on the ductilefatigue in which fatigue damage represents the material degeneration during the creation ofmicro-cracks governing majority of the total fatigue life (up to 95%). The model’s capability fortechnologically important polycarbonate (PC) polymer is addressed. The results, in accordancewith experimental observations, favor ductile fatigue behavior, i.e. damage fields remain smallfor most of the fatigue life and do not cause the macroscopic stress reduction. Due to thisproperty, fatigue life of an entire structural element can be evaluated by exploiting singlelocations at which the fatigue damage decisively emerges.

Toulouse Métropole, territoire à forts enjeux en zones inondables de la Garonne et de ses affluents, a engagé un diagnostic de vulnérabilité et l'élaboration d'une stratégie métropolitaine de gestion et de prévention des inondations sur 41 communes dans l'optique d'améliorer la résilience territoriale. Le diagnostic a permis de recenser et localiser un nombre important d'enjeux sur un vaste territoire, de conduire une analyse de vulnérabilité selon une approche multithématique tout en mettant l'accent sur l'intégration du risque dans l'aménagement. Au niveau de la gouvernance, la concertation a pris une place primordiale avec une large association des communes, des parties prenantes et partenaires au sein d'ateliers de concertation innovants permettant une réelle co-construction. Par ce processus participatif, la démarche a permis une forte sensibilisation des différents acteurs, une prise de conscience politique des responsabilités de chacun, le développement d'une réelle volonté d'adaptation du territoire à travers une solidarité territoriale et une diversité des maîtrises d'ouvrages. Cette expérience a permis une appropriation politique sur une vision de long terme (échéance 2035) d'une thématique technique, complexe et peu mobilisatrice, surtout sur un territoire n'ayant pas une mémoire vécue de ce risque et un sentiment de protection particulier de la ville centre endiguée. Une nouvelle dynamique est lancée grâce à l'inversion du regard apportée par les principes de la directive inondation : la prise de conscience sur les conséquences dramatiques des inondations, la place du risque inondation au cœur de l'aménagement du territoire et l'implication de tous les acteurs dans la mise en œuvre opérationnelle de la stratégie.

The broth microdilution method (BMD) for testing telavancin minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) was revised (rBMD) in 2014 to improve the accuracy, precision, and reproducibility of the testing method. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the revised method on telavancin MIC values for Staphylococcus aureus(S. aureus) clinical isolates obtained from hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) patients. Isolates from patients who participated in the phase 3 Assessment of Telavancin for Treatment of HAP Studies were retested using the rBMD method. Retesting of 647 isolates produced a range of telavancin MIC values from 0.015 µg/mL to 0.12 µg/mL with MIC50/90values of 0.06/0.06 µg/mL for the total pool of samples. For methicillin-resistant S. aureus(MRSA), MIC50/90values were 0.06/0.12 µg/mL. These values are up to 4-fold lower than MIC50/90values obtained using the original method. These results were used in part to justify lowering the telavancin breakpoints. All tested isolates remained susceptible to telavancin at the revised susceptibility breakpoint of ≤0.12 µg/mL. Overall, the clinical cure rate for microbiologically evaluable telavancin-treated patients was 78% for S. aureus, 76% for patients with MRSA, and 79% for patients with isolates with reduced susceptibility to vancomycin (MIC ≥1 µg/mL). Results from the rBMD method support the in vitro potency of telavancin against S. aureus. ATTAIN (NCT00107952 and NCT00124020). Theravance Biopharma Antibiotics, Inc.

In this paper, we present the technological basis for the production of structured silicon X-ray mirrors using direct wafer bonding. We dice 12" silicon wafers into rectangular plates, which are then structured to have a thin membrane and several ribs. As a next step we wedge the plates on both sides. Using in-house developed stacking robots, we then elastically deform the plates into conical shapes and bond the plates into a stack, which finally consists of several tens of such plates in a stiff self-supporting structure. Throughout the production of the structured plates and their assembly into stacks, we focus on maintaining pristinely clean surfaces as this is a prerequisite for direct wafer bonding. Several metrology tools have been developed, operating in-line, to ensure precise plate to plate alignment, high cleanliness and an accurate figure. The process is adaptable to work with plates of various dimensions, with metal coatings and with different bend radii.

La dépression est un état durable de profonde tristesse et d’abattement. Elle est fréquemment recensée chez les patients atteints de cancer et souvent sous-évaluée par les oncologues. Le « PRIME-MD réduit » est un questionnaire à 2 items validé en anglais. Cependant, il n’a été ni traduit ni validé en français. L’objectif de notre étude est ainsi de le traduire en français et de le valider.

The paper mainly concerns the effects of process parameters on the final properties of components obtained by injection molding of metallic powders loaded by thermoplastic binders. The two main stages of the process are investigated. The injection stage is studied both from experiments and numerical modeling. The biphasic flow approach developed reveals well the effects of mould design and injection parameters on the final powder volume fraction distribution. The sintering stage is also investigated both from experiments and modeling. The viscoplastic like sintering model accounts well for the effect of initial powder volume fraction and sintering cycle on the final density and shrinkage of the component. Furthermore the final mechanical properties of the components obtained by metal injection molding are also investigated.

Day 5 fresh blastocyst transfers results in higher clinical pregnancy and live birth rates than day 6 fresh blastocyst transfer. This study aimed to identify the strategy to adopt with slowly developing blastocysts. Should not fully expanded blastocyst on day 5 be transferred on day 5, or when expanded on day 6, or be frozen? 1093 single blastocyst transfer cycles performed between January 2016 and December 2018 were divided in 4 groups: day 5 fresh transfers of full or expanded blastocyst (≥B3), day 5 fresh transfers of slowly developing blastocysts (B1 or B2), day 6 fresh transfers of expanded blastocysts (≥B4), day 6 frozen-thawed single blastocyst transfer cycles. Clinical pregnancy rate and live birth rate were significantly higher with fresh expanded blastocyst transfer on day 5 than in any other group. No statistical difference could be found between the other 3 groups. Slowly developing day 5 blastocysts have poorer implantation potential than expanded day 5 blastocysts but can be fresh transferred on day 5 rather than being cultured until day 6 for transfer or freezing when no expanded blastocyst is available on day 5.

ABSTRACTTwo phase 3 ATLAS trials demonstrated noninferiority of telavancin compared with vancomycin for complicated skin and skin structure infections. Data from these trials were retrospectively evaluated according to 2013 U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) guidance on acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections. This post hocanalysis included patients with lesion sizes of ≥75 cm2and excluded patients with ulcers or burns (updated all-treated population; n= 1,127). Updated day 3 (early) clinical response was defined as a ≥20% reduction in lesion size from baseline and no rescue antibiotic. Updated test-of-cure (TOC) clinical response was defined as a ≥90% reduction in lesion size, no increase in lesion size since day 3, and no requirement for additional antibiotics or significant surgical procedures. Day 3 (early) clinical responses were achieved in 62.6% and 61.0% of patients receiving telavancin and vancomycin, respectively (difference, 1.7%, with a 95% confidence interval [CI] of −4.0% to 7.4%). Updated TOC visit cure rates were similar for telavancin (68.0%) and vancomycin (63.3%), with a difference of 4.8% (95% CI, −0.7% to 10.3%). Adopting current FDA guidance, this analysis corroborates previous noninferiority findings of the ATLAS trials of telavancin compared with vancomycin.

The article focuses on the emergence of the populist party in Podemos, Spain. Topics discussed include the political challenge mounted by the populist movement to the country's ruling parties during the May 2014 election, the adoption of a highly centralized structure following its electoral success, and the shift to a "social democratic" program and its efforts to attract leftist voters.

L'hybridation interspécifique entre le saumon atlantique et la truite commune dans la nature a été mise en évidence dans différents pays d'Europe et au Canada. Une étude a été entreprise pour examiner son incidence dans des populations de salmonidés de certaines rivières des Asturies (nord de l'Espagne) et du sud-ouest de la France. Elle a été complétée par des expériences en milieu contrôlé pour déterminer les causes et les conditions de la disparition des barrières comportementales permettant le maintien de l'isolement reproducteur. Les hypothèses de travail étaient que l'hybridation pouvait être favorisée par le comportement de «sneaker» des tacons mâles précoces et par les repeuplements en juvéniles des deux espèces. Les résultats obtenus confirment que l'hybridation entre la truite et le saumon est un phénomène répandu, qui peut affecter localement des fractions significatives des populations (9,4 % sur la rivière Narcea dans les Asturies). Dans l'aire originelle de distribution des deux espèces, le croisement s'effectue dans le sens femelle saumon x mâle truite. Dans les conditions normales de sympatrie, les barrières d'isolement reproducteur pré-appariement paraissent solides en raison du comportement agressif du mâle conspécifique dominant qui parvient à écarter efficacement les mâles compétiteurs hétérospécifiques. En l'absence de mâle conspécifique, l'hybridation peut avoir lieu. Cependant, les femelles modifient leur comportement, ralentissent leur activité de frai et le succès reproducteur, particulièrement chez la truite, diminue. Par ailleurs, les hypothèses de travail ne sont pas vérifiées. Pour éviter l'hybridation, il est recommandé au gestionnaire de veiller à la qualité et à la quantité des zones de reproduction, de maintenir l'équilibre des populations de géniteurs et de limiter les repeuplements en sujets non autochtones.

ABSTRACTTelavancin is a semisynthetic lipoglycopeptide with a dual mechanism of action against Gram-positive pathogens. Two brief reports have suggested potential cross-reactivity of telavancin with the vancomycin particle-enhanced turbidometric immunoassay (PETIA). The purpose of this study was to evaluate several commercially available vancomycin immunoassays (fluorescence polarization [FPIA], enzyme-multiplied immunoassays [EMIT], PETIA, and chemiluminescent immunoassay [CMIA]) for cross-reactivity with telavancin. Seven sites were selected to analyze serum samples for vancomycin. Each site received a set of samples (n= 18) which combined drug-free serum with telavancin, 7-OH telavancin metabolite, or vancomycin. Immunoassays demonstrating potential cross-reactivity were further evaluated by sending a duplicate sample set to multiple laboratories. Cross-reactivity was defined as the percent theoretical concentration (reported concentration/theoretical concentration × 100). No cross-reactivity was seen with FPIA or EMIT. Within the theoretical concentration range of 5 to 120 μg/ml of telavancin, the Synchron PETIA system reported vancomycin concentrations ranging from 4.7 to 54.2 μg/ml compared to vancomycin concentrations from 1.1 to 5.6 μg/ml for the Vista PETIA system. The Architect CMIA system reported vancomycin concentrations in the range of 0.27 to 0.97 μg/ml, whereas Advia Centaur XP CMIA reported vancomycin concentrations between 1.6 and 31.6 μg/ml. The Architect CMIA immunoassay had the lowest percent cross-reactivity (0.8 to 5.4%), while the Synchron PETIA immunoassay demonstrated the highest percent cross-reactivity (45.2 to 53.8%). Telavancin samples measured by liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy were within 93.9 to 122% of theoretical concentrations. Vancomycin concentrations were not measured in any 7-OH telavancin-spiked sample. Vancomycin concentrations measured by liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy were within 57.2 to 113% of theoretical concentrations. PETIA and CMIA measured vancomycin concentrations in telavancin-spiked samples. Significant variability in percent cross-reactivity was observed for each platform regardless of immunoassay method.