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In the present article, we consider a new class of one-pad ciphers. We define its encryption algorithm as a partial function with two arguments. The first argument is a key, which is a random and equiprobable sequence of natural language letters. The length of the key is N. The second argument is a coherent (readable) text of length L, where L < N. The partiality feature of the encryption function does not allow us to apply C. Shannon's mathematical model. For this class of ciphers, we present two operational modes. We chose positions (numbers) of letters in a given key with the encrypted coherent text in the first mode. The positions (numbers) of letters represent the encrypted text. If there is not enough key information to encrypt the whole text, we may repeat the encryption using the next chosen key. To illustrate cryptographic capabilities of this mode, we widely use a widely known perfect cipher secrecy concept of C. Shannon as a prototype to the concept of perfect partial secrecy. Newly presented concepts allow us to build a hypothesis stating that it is impossible to decrypt the presented cipher without finding the information about its key. The second operational mode of the cipher consists of multiple usage of the key to save the key information. We also calculate the complexity of finding the key.

A mathematical model of torque-to-balance MEMS gyroscope with a drive mode in plane is developed. The model considers compensational control loop, proof-mass dynamics, electromechanical nonlinear effects in capacitive transducers and the inequality of their parameters. The response of the resulting system to translational vibrations is investigated. Qualitative coincidence of simulation results with experimental data is obtained. A way of increasing vibration reliability is highlighted.

This paper presents an overview of the most significant discoveries and findings in gerontology for 2011–2014. It considers results of the whole genome association studies (GWAS), obtained in a representative cohort of centenarians, protective mutations of Alzheimer’s disease, new data on the role of the hypothalamus as a command center of human aging, results of experimental studies of the geroprotective and anticarcinogenic action of rapamycin and metformin, and meta-data indicating a negative effect of antioxidants in the treatment of lung cancer. Special attention is paid to the problems of aging epigenetics and epigenetic mechanisms of gene activity regulation. Data on the long-term epigenetic effects that affect stable reprogramming of the genome at an early age and clinical observations and experimental data demonstrating the transgenerational transmission of epigenetic changes in the parents to their offspring are examined. There has been a tendency emerging in recent years to the transfer from studies of the dormant genome (anatomy of the genome) to the study of the dynamic genome (its physiology), which opens up new opportunities to clarify the underlying mechanisms of aging and ways of maintaining active longevity.

Abstract: A genetic certificate is a DNA database reflecting the specific features of a personal genome. The review considers the concept of individual genetic certificates and their significance for prolongation of active longevity and for paving the way to the longest possible lifespan. The involvement of the biological clock and weak link genes in aging processes in human beings is outlined. The significance of genetic tests for allelic polymorphisms and marker genes associated with common multifactorial disorders is stressed. Special attention is paid to the Genome Wide Association Studies technology implemented for analysis of genetic profiles and candidate genes associated with common diseases. Relevant scientific problems are discussed, as well as the public interest in creation of personalized DNA databanks (genetic certificates) for pregnant women, children, athletes, etc. The relationship of the genetic certificate concept to the current international Personal Genome Project is highlighted. The prospects of the introduction of genetic certificates into medical practice are discussed in the context of gerontological problems.

The lead dioxide electrodeposition (LDE) from nitrate electrolytes is studied by the rotating disk electrode, cyclic voltammetry, and electrode impedance methods. A four-stage kinetic scheme of the LDE reaction is proposed: (1) the electron transfer and generation of oxygen-containing species on the electrode surface; (2) the species interact with lead ions, forming an oxygen-containing intermediate product of Pb(III) of the type Pb(OH)2+, which is not fixed on the electrode surface; (3) the product is oxidized, with the transfer of the second electron, forming compounds of Pb(IV) associated with oxygen (of the type Pb(OH)2+2); and (4) the latter decomposes via a chemical mechanism to form PbO2. The rate-determining stage of the LDE process is essentially dependent on the potential and state of the electrode surface, concentration of Pb(II) ions in solution, and hydrodynamic conditions of experiment. The proposed scheme explains within a unified mechanism of the LDE reaction all the experimental data obtained both in this work and in the literature.

In the oxygen evolution reaction in a sulfuric acid solution, the electrocatalytic activity of lead dioxide doped with fluorine or iron changes. At low and elevated dopant concentrations, the reaction rate is limited by the transfer of the second and first electrons, respectively.

A model of contact between an electrode and a MF-4SK membrane in sulfuric acid solutions is studied by the impedance method. It is shown that a layer of higher electrolyte concentration forms near the free electrode surface in heavily diluted solutions. The layer ensures participation of this surface in the electrode process. Electrical fields in the region of contact between the membrane and a current collector are calculated

L’énucléation transvésicale robot-assistée est séduisante mais peut s’avérer laborieuse. La bonne connaissance pratique des différentes étapes contribue à rendre sa réalisation reproductible et efficace comme en témoignent, entre autres, les débitmétries postopératoires.

Experimental and theoretical results are presented on Tl-ion implantation into hot silicon substrates (⋍1200°C).a) An anomalously large (by more than an order of magnitude) displacement of the peak position of the implanted impurity distribution into the bulk of the substrate is found.b) The conclusion is drawn that the basic process responsible for this displacement of the peak is radiation-enhanced diffusion (RED) due to nonequilibrium concentration of point defects produced in the heated target directly under implantation.c) The crystalline structure of the resulting ion-implanted layer indicates that in-situ annealing of the exposed layer occurs during high-temperature implantation.d) Experimental impurity distributions confirm the possibility of producing an implanted-impurity "buried layer" below the layer of a single crystal silicon, the "buried layer" depth depending on the implantation regime.

Some questions of the amorphization mechanism of semiconductors during ion bombardment have been considered theoretically. The probability of the formation of crystalline disordered regions (CDR) and amorphous regions (AR)1 has been calculated as a function of irradiation temperature T, atomic number Zi and ion enerw. It has been shown that the role of CDR in the amorphization process increases with the increase of T and decrease of Mi. The effect of irradiation temperature (T = -150, +25 and +1OO°C) on the silicon amorphization process during bombardment by light (B12), mean (Ne20) and heavy (Sb121) ions has been studied by various techniques: ir-absorption, ir-reflection and fast electron diffraction. It has been shown that the influence of irradiation temperature is stronger for light ions and large values of T. Theoretical results are in good agreement with experimental ones.

The monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against lipopolysaccharide of virulent strain of Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 were produced. Three most productive hybrid clones (5F4, 5F10 and 2C9) were selected from fusions of mouse myeloma cells with spleen cells from BALB/c mice, immunized with bacterial outer membrane antigens. All generated clones were IgG‐secreting. The MAbs had narrow strain specificity mad showed no cross‐reactions with other unrelated bacterial species. These antibodies were tested in sandwich ELISA. The results suggest that the MAbs could be used for diagnostic purposes.

Amorphization of silicon single crystals during different mass 80 keV ions bombardment (B+, C+, Ne+, Ar+, Sb+) has been studied by means of three independent techniques, (a) ir absorption at 1.8 μ wave length (divacancy absorption), (b) ir reflection near a fundamental absorption edge, and (c) electron microscopy and fast electron diffraction. Irradiation was carried out at room temperature. From the analysis of data obtained it can be concluded that two types of disordered regions arise during ion bombardment, (a) amorphous regions (AR) and (b) disordered, but still possessing crystalline structure regions, which we call the crystalline disordered regions (CDR). In CDR the defect concentration is so high that divacancies do not appear. The defect concentration in CDR gradually increases with the increasing of irradiation dose. When the defect concentration achieves some critical value CDR transforms sharply to an amorphous state. Such amorphization mechanism prevails for light ions. For heavy ions (Sb+) amorphization arises mainly from a one-step AR formationThe proposed model of amorphization gives the qualitative explanation of dose dependences of refractive index for different ions.

Abstract: This paper reports on the results of the investigation into the frequency dispersion of the capacitance and dielectric loss in capacitor structures based on red lead Pb3O4. It is established that, in the range of frequencies f = 1.50 × 10−3−0.25 Hz, the capacitance decreases and the dielectric loss tangent increases with increasing frequency. The frequency dependence of the electrical conductivity in an alternating-current electric field indicates the applicability of the hopping model of charge transfer under normal conditions. The role of a lone electron pair of Pb2+ cations in dielectric polarization is discussed.

Abstract: The results of the investigation into the influence of light excitation on the dielectric characteristics of polycrystalline layers of lead orthoplumbate Pb3O4 are reported. The temperature dependences of the photoelectric response of the studied samples in the frequency range 102–105 Hz are presented. The parameters and activation energy of dielectric relaxation are determined. The manifestation of the photodielectric effect is interpreted in terms of the formation of a space charge in the bulk of the semiconductor. The role of electrons of the lone pair belonging to the Pb2+ cations in the processes under investigation is discussed.

Anomalies of the implanted dopant diffusion in Si often cannot be interpreted unambiguously.1 The presence of free vacancies in the layer results in the essential enhancement of boron diffusion in Si.2 There is a temperature for each semiconductor material when the probability for any defect associations to exist in the implanted layer (IL) during implantation is extremely small and non-equilibrium point defects only exist in it. We consider such a defect state as a physical criterion for applying the term of High Temperature Ion Implantation (HTII). Application of the HTII technique enabled us to obtain the deep penetration of the implanted dopant. The boron penetration (E = 40 keV, j = 40 μA/cm2, D=1.1016 ion/cm2) ranged in depth up to 4.5 μm at Tir = 1150°C.

The paper discloses the method for estimating the deformation of fibroreticulate materials under the conditions of spatial multiaxial cyclic tension. The relevance of the method application for estimating the reliability performance of materials used for upholstering and finishing the interior of aircraft cabins has been justified. The equations of the elastic state of flexible fibroreticulate materials are obtained under the spatial tension in stresses and deformations. The geometric parameters of elastic deformations in the material during in the material in the design, processing treatment (molding process) and operation (shape stability) of the products. The advantage of the developed method of spatial cyclic tension of flexible fibroreticulate materials is the ability to model test conditions that simulate operating conditions. This capability of the test method allows to examine the dynamics of changes in the markers of the molding properties and shape stability of materials and to predict their behavior during operation.

Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone-System plays an important role in the pathophysiology of arterial hypertension (AH) and abdominal obesity(AO). We studied C -344T aldosterone-synthase gene polymorphism, plasma renin activity (PRA) and plasma aldosterone level (PAL) in patients with AO.

Obesity is associated with cardiovascular and metabolic complications; while a small proportion can be considered metabolically healthy obese (MHO) individuals, who have normal insulin sensitivity, lipid profile and blood pressure. The difference in adipokines levels in obese patients might determine the presence of metabolic health. The aim of the study was to assess the adipokine (leptin and adiponectin) levels in obese individuals with and without metabolic disorders in Russian population.

Metabolically healthy obese (MHO) and metabolically unhealthy but normal-weight (MUNW) phenotypes are associated with different cardiovascular risk, which can be caused by different adipokines profile. The aim of our study was to compare adipokines level in MHO, MUNW subjects and control group.

To evaluate serum adiponectin levels in hypertensive patients with abdominal obesity.

Vascular age is the apparent age of the arteries that can be affected by genetic predisposition, lifestyle and other factors. Subjects whose vascular age is higher than chronological age may have higher cardiovascular risk. The aim of our study was estimate prevalence and risk factors of early vascular aging (EVA) in Russian population according to VaSera examination results.

Visceral adipose tissue has proinflammatory and profibrogenic effects on cardiovascular system. Epicardial fat is localized near cardiomyocytes and may influence upon remodeling of the heart. Study objective - to evaluate the epicardial fat (EF) thickness and to reveal the possible relationship of this parameter with high sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and galectin 3 (Gal 3) as markers of inflammation and fibrosis in patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS).

Galectin 3 (Gal3) and aldosterone (ALDO) are profibrogenic substances and in patients with heart failure they are increased. Study objective – to evaluate Gal3 and ALDO in patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS) without heart failure and to estimate a correlation with the main components of MetS.

Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV) is a method of evaluating arterial stiffness that is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular complications. The objective of this study was to compare the arterial stiffness in patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and healthy individuals and to identify the relationship between arterial stiffness and levels of galectin 3 (Gal 3) and aldosterone (ALDO) - substances with profibrogenic effect on cardiovascular system.

to assess prevalence of cardiovascular complications and lipid metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) - the bearers of different TaqIB genotypes at polymorphism of the ñholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP), citizens of Saint-Petersburg, Russia.

Vascular stiffness is considered to be a reliable marker of cardiovascular risk. Gold standard method of the arterial stiffness assessment – applanation tonometry - is technically complicated, observer-related; measurements are blood pressure (BP) dependent, thus, novel techniques are now under discussion, the cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) in particular. Application of accepted cut-off value of 9,0 can lead to misestimation of age-related differences. The aim of our study was to estimate cut-off values for CAVI in different age-groups of Russian population.