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Radiolabeled fibroblast activation protein inhibitors (FAPIs) have been extensively used in different types of cancers, although not yet FDA approved. Normal patterns of FAPI biodistribution have been investigated, and it is known that FAPI is expressed in nonmalignant pathophysiological lesions, characterized by tissue remodeling such as atherosclerosis, arthritis, and scar/fibrotic tissues. In this interesting image, we are presenting the accumulation of 68Ga-FAPI in the gallbladder. This finding could be related to a normal distribution of the radiotracer as a physiologic finding. This is a potentially important finding as FAPI may be used as theragnostic agent in the future.

Image quality in positron emission tomography (PET) is affected by random and scattered coincidences and reconstruction protocols. In this study, we investigated the effects of scattered and random coincidences from outside the field of view (FOV) on PET image quality for different reconstruction protocols. Imaging was performed on the Discovery 690 PET/CT scanner, using experimental configurations including the NEMA phantom (a body phantom, with six spheres of different sizes) with a signal background ratio of 4:1. The NEMA phantom (phantom I) was scanned separately in a one-bed position. To simulate the effect of random and scatter coincidences from outside the FOV, six cylindrical phantoms with various diameters were added to the NEMA phantom (phantom II). The 18 emission datasets with mean intervals of 15 min were acquired (3 min/scan). The emission data were reconstructed using different techniques. The image quality parameters were evaluated by both phantoms. Variations in the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in a 28-mm (10-mm) sphere of phantom II were 37.9% (86.5%) for ordered-subset expectation maximization (OSEM-only), 36.8% (81.5%) for point spread function (PSF), 32.7% (80.7%) for time of flight (TOF), and 31.5% (77.8%) for OSEM + PSF + TOF, respectively, indicating that OSEM + PSF + TOF reconstruction had the lowest noise levels and lowest coefficient of variation (COV) values. Random and scatter coincidences from outside the FOV induced lower SNR, lower contrast, and higher COV values, indicating image deterioration and significantly impacting smaller sphere sizes. Amongst reconstruction protocols, OSEM + PSF + TOF and OSEM + PSF showed higher contrast values for sphere sizes of 22, 28, and 37 mm and higher contrast recovery coefficient values for smaller sphere sizes of 10 and 13 mm.

We are presenting a 22-year-old man with intractable seizures. Autoimmune epilepsy, vasculitis, and paraneoplastic disorder were among initial differential diagnoses. His initial laboratory tests and toxicology screen were unremarkable. His initial brain MRI demonstrated generalized cortical atrophy. Features such as progressive encephalopathy, neuropsychiatric symptoms, personality change, and autonomic dysfunction were in favor of autoimmune encephalitis. Autoantibody evaluations including anti-NMDA receptor (NR1) IgG were negative in both serum and CSF samples. FDG PET scan demonstrated intense FDG uptake in the basal ganglia, more prominent in the caudate nuclei and putamina, which is one of the known autoimmune encephalitis imaging features.

Most patients surviving the acute phase of pulmonary embolism will recover with no residue. But, 2–4 of patients will progress to chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. In this group, usually a ‘Honey moon’ period is seen but a few may show progression with ongoing symptoms despite medical treatment. In this case report, we review a patient in whom delayed thrombolytic therapy was administered due to progressive symptoms after 21 days. Her condition was stabilized. The early posttreatment computed tomographic pulmonary angiography (CTPA) showed incomplete resolution, but after 6 months she was functional class Iwith a normal CTPA and echocardiography.

Observations on Tuberculosis/HIV co-infection in addition to epidemiologic molecular studies have recently provided strong evidence for the state of immune system as the major determinant of the TB imaging spectrum. However, the presence of any correlation between radiographic findings and the degree of immunosuppression in HIV+ patients still remains controversial. The present study aimed to investigate the TB radiographic manifestation in HIV+ patients and its relationship to the CD4 cell count.

The thorax is the rarest place among all forms of renal ectopia. We report a rare case of an unacquired thoracic kidney. Only about 200 cases of the thoracic kidney have ever been reported in medical literature worldwide. In this paper we present the rarest form of nontraumatic nonhernia associated, truly ectopic thoracic kidney. The differential diagnosis and management options and classification of this rare form of aberrant kidney are discussed.