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Copyright of Fuss & Sprunggelenk is the property of Elsevier GmbH, Urban & Fischer Verlag and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Fuss & Sprunggelenk is the property of Elsevier GmbH, Urban & Fischer Verlag and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the present study saddle joints of the thumb and neighboring joints of 100 anatomic specimens are examined with regard to radiological and macroscopic arthrotic alterations. Comparisons of radiological and macroscopic findings demonstrate that early arthrotic articular alterations cannot be diagnosed radiologically. Almost half of the hands examined displayed arthrotic lesions in the saddle joint of the thumb, whereas the trapezoido-scaphoidal and trapezio-scaphoidal joints are each affected in one third. Hands with manifest thumb saddle joint arthrosis are accompanied by arthrotic alterations of the joints between the scaphoid, trapezium and trapezoid in two-thirds of the cases. In the remaining radial intercarpal joints, no macroscopic evidence can be ascertained of arthrotic alterations. Among the processes discussed as causal factors of simultaneous incidence of scaphoidal and carpo-metacarpal arthroses, the architecture of the osseous carpus, the individual expression of the scaphoid bone and polyor secondary arthrotic processes are important.

Thermal stimuli were applied to the upper surface of the tongue of the cat. The stimuli ranged from 40°C to 10°C and were changed in cold steps of 5°C, each temperature lasting 2 min. Afferent impulses of single specific cold fibers from the lingual nerve were analysed by a computer program. About 90% of the fibers showed bursts under static conditions. The bursts began as doublets at the temperature of maximal average frequency. This temperature varied from 40°C to 15°C in different fibers, the average being 30°C. The parameters burst period, burst duration, pause duration, intraburst interval and spikes per burst increased monotonically from 30°C to 15°C. The possible physiological significance of the burst pattern is discussed.

Zusammenfassung: Pathologische Vernderungen der ossren und ligamentren Elemente des Handgelenks fhren hufig zu anhaltenden Funktionseinbuen und Schmerzzustnden nach knchern verheilter distaler Radiusfraktur. In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden die Auswirkungen von Radiusfehlstellungen auf das distale Radioulnargelenk untersucht und die Korrekturosteotomie im Rahmen einer Prophylaxe und Therapie der Lunatummalazie neu bewertet. An Alkohol-Formalin-fixierten Unterarmprparaten werden Radiusfehlstellungen (Verkrzung, Kippung und Torsion) isoliert und kombiniert simuliert und deren Einflu auf die radioulnare Kontaktflchengre bei Supination, Neutralnullstellung und Pronation bestimmt. Eine isolierte posttraumatische Radiusverkrzung sowie Kippung und Torsion der distalen Radiusepiphyse fhren zu einer Verringerung der radioulnaren Kontaktflche, wobei Supination und Pronation den Kontaktflchenverlust noch verstrken. Ausgeprgte Kontaktflcheneinschrnkungen treten schon bei geringgradigen Fehlstellungen auf. Die Verringerung der Kontaktflche bei Kombination von Dorsalkippung und Radiusverkrzung kann durch pronatorische Torsion des distalen Radius kompensiert werden. Als praktische Konsequenz dieser Untersuchung mu eine mglichst exakte Wiederherstellung der ursprnglichen Lageverhltnisse zwischen Caput ulnae und Incisura ulnaris radii nach distaler Radiusfraktur gefordert werden.

Static and dynamic discharge patterns of bursting cold fibers in the lingual nerve of the cat were analysed at temperatures between 10 and 40°C. The period of the static burst discharge depends only on temperature and is not affected by the number of spikes per burst. The termination of an intraburst sequence of impulses can be predicted by the duration of the intraburst intervals. Irregular impulse patterns at low static temperatures show a unimodal interval distribution, whereas the interval histograms from irregular spike sequences at high temperatures have multiple peaks with nearly equal distances.

Abstract The metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints II to V of 21 hands were examined radiologically and arthrographically. Different recesses of the joint cavity were demonstrated both radiologically and macroscopically, with a dominating dorsal recess. The existing forms of the dorsal recess were one-tailed, two-tailed, three-tailed, symmetric and cap-like. Additionally, a palmar recess was found in the specimens examined, which presented as a small protrusion of the capsule and lay between the metacarpal head and the palmar plate. Furthermore, a distal recess was filled and unfolded in almost all the cases. Lateral recesses were found in the radial and ulnar directions beneath the collateral ligaments. The dorsal recess, due to its ability to collect fluid, is of clinical importance in pathologic processes causing effusions, while the clinical importance of the lateral recesses lie in their proximity to the stabilizing collateral ligaments of the metacarpophalangeal joints. The above mentioned recesses were seen as normal formations of the MCP joints and should therefore be taken into account in pathologic processes in this area.

Zusammenfassung: Alters-und belastungsabhngige Vernderungen der distalen Radiusepiphyse sind als Ursache und Folge der Stabilittseinbue bei pathologischer Krafteinwirkung anzusehen. Von 97 untersuchten Radii zeigen 15 typische ossre Vernderungen nach verheilter distaler Radiusfraktur, die sich durch die Bestimmung der subchondralen Kortikalisdichte nachweisen lassen. Eine hufig zu beobachtende, dorsal gerichtete Kippung der distalen Radiusepiphyse nach knchern verheilter Fraktur fhrt zu einer Verlagerung der resultierenden Kraft, die in einer zum palmaren Pfannenrand hin sich verdichtenden subchondralen Kortikalis zum Ausdruck kommt. Die densitometrische Untersuchung auf der Grundlage von Rntgenaufnahmen erlaubt eine morphologische Charakterisierung des Umbaus von Kortikalis und Spongiosa langer Rhrenknochen als Ursache und Folge der Fraktur.

The morphology and function of the discomuscular apparatus of the human TMJ is a controversial subject. Connections between the muscles which move the mandible and the “disco-capsular complex” have been described in a contradictory way. The disco-muscular apparatus is also described as being more extensive than that of the M. pterygoideus alone to include to the Mm. temporalis and masseter. However, the involvement of the latter is considered to be a peripheral variation of the normal anatomy and of little, if any, functional significance. The existence of independent relationships between the deep portions of the masseter and temporal muscles and the disco-capsular apparatus of the human TMJ is rarely discussed or explained. The morphologic findings were derived from fixed and unfixed human temporomandibular joints (TMJ) of varying ages and both sexes, whereby the functional maturity of the masticatory apparatus was taken into consideration. The results of the study show that aside from fibers originating from the superior venter of the M. pterygoideus lateralis, additional muscle or connective tissue fibers from the perimysium of the M. masseter are inserted to varying extents into the disc. The same is true for the M. temporalis, which is also directly connected to the disc via muscular or fibrous elements, or indirectly via fibers from the M. masseter. The insertion of the M. pterygoideus lateralis is always in the medial portion of the Discus articularis and those of the Mm. temporalis and masseter in the middle and lateral portions of the disc respectively. It is highly probable that a direct force transfer through the Mm. temporalis and masseter to the articular disc takes place, and that these muscles contribute to the movement of the disc during jaw movement, whereas the size and form of the muscle insertions are subject to a great deal of individual variation.