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As iii many other areas of financial consumer law, the European Court of Justice heralds a strong protective approach to the financier's duty to assess the creditworthiness of the consumer. But enhancing deterrence above all by means of contract law does not set afair and efficient balance between the quite diverse incentives of both parties in adjusting to the policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The integration of environmental, social and governance (ESG) criteria into credit risk assessment has gained significant attention recently. Therefore, it is necessary to understand, select and assess the risks of these ESG criteria and evaluate how they can impact company's creditworthiness. The main objective of this study is to give a thorough overview of the types of ESG risks, their interrelation with credit risk of the company and methodological approaches they can use, along with opportunities for future advancements. The analysis shows that climate change and transition to low-carbon economy provoke two main types of ESG risks – physical risks and transition risks. Both types of ESG risks could affect company's creditworthiness through its cash flows capital and collateral. In order to assess climate-related types of risks methodologies based on forward-looking scenarios are needed with the employment of data that has not been observed in the past. These results are a basis for further development of methodological architecture of ESG-credit risks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chit fund is a peer-to-peer saving and borrowing scheme operated among trusted groups of people. It is a reliable source of funds in emergencies with no guarantor and low-interest rate. Despite their enduring benefits, chit funds face challenges related to trust, transparency, and security. At present, unscrupulous subscribers might join chit-funds, borrow money, and make payment defaults. This leads to disruptions in contribution cycle and affects overall functioning. Additionally, non-transparent record-keeping and transaction processes, hinder participants from verifying fund activities, creating a susceptible environment for fraud and malpractice. These challenges are an obstacle to the sustainability and trustworthiness of the chit-fund system. Therefore, to overcome aforementioned challenges, this paper proposes TruChit, a blockchain-based chit fund system with creditworthiness evaluation framework. It leverages the Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) to assess the creditworthiness of subscribers, which ensures the credibility and reliability of individual participants. Further, proposes permissioned blockchain-assisted chit-fund framework with role-based access control to instill trust, security, and transparency within chit-fund operations. Moreover, the efficacy of TruChit is evaluated by analyzing credit score dataset and achieves 93.5% accuracy, which is better than other approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Improving accounting integrity ensures the quality of accounting information in enterprises. • The facilitation effect of accounting integrity on corporate R&D input shows a single threshold effect, and the improvement of accounting integrity is increasingly conducive to corporate R&D input. • Accounting integrity increases enterprises' chances of getting a bank loan and provides enterprises with financial support for R&D activities and innovation. Accounting integrity regulates market order, enhances corporate financial credit, and empowers corporate innovation. This paper explores how the construction of an accounting integrity system in micro entities affects and plays a role in enterprises' R&D input policies and uses a panel threshold regression model to study the nonlinear relationship between the two empirically. By constructing a mediation model, we examined the mediating effect of borrowing capacity on the impact of accounting integrity on corporate R&D input and performed a robustness test. Our findings include: (1) improving accounting integrity ensures the quality of accounting information in enterprises; (2) the facilitation effect of accounting integrity on corporate R&D input shows a single threshold effect, and the improvement of accounting integrity is increasingly conducive to corporate R&D input; and (3) accounting integrity increases enterprises' chances of borrowing capacity, alleviating the financing constraints of enterprises, and promoting enterprise innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]