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A cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate the effect of a community-based health education intervention programme and to study the determinants of night blindness in Bangladesh. The intervention programme was implemented to reduce the morbidity of nutritional blindness (night blindness) in the northern part of Bangladesh (Ranjpure district) during 1986–1989. A baseline study in 1986 covered 2010 households with a total population of 11 600, and the evaluation study in 1989 covered 2011 households with a total population of 10 456. Prevalence of night blindness was studied among children aged <9 years in these households. The prevalence of night blindness per 1000 children was reduced significantly during the intervention period from 50.7 in 1986 to 26.7 in 1989. However, the post-intervention prevalence varied significantly between areas. Multivariate analyses showed that consumption of fish, meat, milk or eggs, dark green leaf vegetables, yellow fruits and vitamin A capsules were significant predictors of night blindness. In addition, family income, mother's literacy, family size and area of residence exhibited strong and statistically significant associations with night blindness in the 1989 cross-sectional study. The prevalence of night blindness was highest among 4–6 year old girls and 7–8 year old boys. The sex difference was, however, not statistically significant.