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The rise of emerging infectious diseases has become notably prominent due to ecological changes and mutations in pathogens. The respiratory illness outbreak caused by the COVID-19 pandemic has spread globally. Natural products contain numerous structures and biological activities, offering ample options for discovering new antiviral drugs with unique targets and mechanisms. Andrographis paniculata has been utilized in Indian Ayurvedic, Swedish, Traditional Thai, and Chinese medicine to alleviate coughs, colds, and influenza symptoms. Early-stage laboratory studies indicate that this herbal extract may reduce inflammation and fever, and boost the body's natural defenses against viruses, potentially leading to symptom relief. This review aims to systematically present clinical trial data about antiviral herbal formulations derived from Andrographis paniculata , delineating the antiviral effects of both natural and synthetic derivatives, along with in silico analyses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human anatomy is the science that deals with the structure of the human body. The term anatomy is derived from the Greek word “anatome”, meaning cutting up. Study of anatomy both theoretically and practically to fully understand the body. Dissection is the base of practical knowledge of human anatomy for medical students and before the dissection; there is a need for preservation of the dead body. Acharya Sushruta was the first physician and surgeon who dissected a human dead body in the ancient era. The “Jalnimajjan Padhhati” of Mritsanrakshan, a hydrobiological method of preserving dead bodies, was imparted by Acharya Sushruta, the father of surgery, in Ayurveda around 1500 years before B.C. Acharya Sushruta has used natural materials which are found anywhere easily and described the detailed structure of the human body from external to internal, seven types of skin (Twacha and Kala) etc. In the modern era, dead body preservation is done with the prepared solution of various chemicals. This process is called embalming. Acharya Charaka mentioned that knowledge of Sukshm and Sthul Sharir is very necessary for the Sharir Rachana. Acharya Sushruta is the foremost authority on the anatomical structures of the human body. He has provided comprehensive details on every body component described in Ayurvedic literature, specifically with “Sharire Sushruta Shreshta.” [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives Research concerning the poly-herbal formula Mentat has reported benefits in cognitive outcomes in children and adolescents. Despite this, no systematic appraisal of these publications has been conducted. This review aims to assess and critically summarise the impact of Mentat consumption upon cognition and behaviour in populations of children exhibiting clinical/non-clinical levels of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Method PsycINFO, Google Scholar, EBSCOHost, PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, DHARA and CINAHL were searched up to September 2021. There were no restrictions in study design. Effect sizes are provided for all significant findings to allow for cross-study comparisons. Cognitive and behavioural outcomes from randomised controlled trials are grouped into validated constructs for cross-study comparison. Results A total of 23 trials met inclusion criteria for this review; 16 studies reported improvements in behavioural symptoms, with 10 reporting improved cognitive outcomes. Outcome data within the Carroll framework indicated improvements in reasoning, mental speed, language behaviour and number facilities within the cognitive domains, and attention within the behaviour domain. Only five studies reported sufficient data for effect size analysis. Nine studies reported safety data, with eight reporting no treatment side effects. Conclusion The current review provides acceptable evidence for the use of the poly-herbal preparation Mentat for improving cognitive and behavioural outcomes in child and adolescent populations. The weight of evidence is limited due to inconsistent statistical outcomes and limited safety and tolerability data. Consistent safety reporting is crucial for safeguarding individuals' wellbeing, security and proactive risk management. Improved statistical practices are strongly recommended for future trials of this preparation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Ayurveda, Triphala is a formulation of three herbs. It is a mixture (equiproportional 1:1:1) of fruits of three plants, Haritaki (Terminalia chebula), Bibhitaki (Terminalia bellerica) and Amalaki (Emblica officinalis). Triphala shows antibacterial, antiallergic, antiviral, antifungal, immunomodulatory and antioxidant properties. Triphala and its constituents help in the improvement of blood circulation, reduction in level of cholesterol and control of blood pressure. This study focuses on detecting various phytocompounds and their comparative analysis for antioxidant potential in two different formulations of Triphala extract. Antioxidant activity was determined by phosphomolybdenum assay and reducing power assay. Our results indicated the presence of various phytocompounds such as phenols, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, alkaloids etc, which may play a role in its biological activities. Both Triphala formulations showed significant free radical-scavenging properties as compared to ascorbic acid. Formulation S2 (H:B:A - 1:2:3) showed higher antioxidant activity as compared to formulation S1 (H:B:A-1:1:1). In conclusion, Triphala non-equiproportional mixture may be a more promising Ayurvedic drug in future Triphala. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Solo integrative medicine practice of Ayurveda 9-year retrospective review. • Clinically significant changes on 4 objective assessment questionnaires (n = 60). • Patient-reported outcomes for 170 of 252 eligible clients (67% response rate). • 85% overall consultation satisfaction; 61% gained Much to Exceptional benefit. • Durable, holistic improvements in self-reported health from common recommendations. Clinical practice characteristics and patient-reported outcomes for Ayurveda have not been adequately studied. From January 2 thru February 28, 2022, all clients first seen during the 9-year period ending December 31, 2021, were solicited to respond to a web-based 34-item questionnaire containing 5 items targeting their general experience, 7 focusing on specific results, and 22 examining the implementation and impact of common Ayurvedic recommendations. These data were combined with practice data to develop linear regression models for the main outcome variables to assess improvement and the drivers of change. 170 responses were received from 252 eligible clients: an overall response rate of 67%. Test-retest data for 57 respondents gave a reliability coefficient of 0.83 [0.69–0.91]. The outcomes of consultation were independent of the mode of interaction (in-person vs. telehealth) and whether pulse diagnosis information was available. 85% were at least S atisfied with their overall consultation experience. The mean difference in health from before consultation to the survey was 1.2 [1.0–1.4] on a 7-point scale. 61% reported Much to Exceptional benefit. On average, 63% rated themselves as at least Somewhat Better in terms of physical well-being, emotional well-being, sleep, digestion, bowel function, fitness and energy. These findings were buttressed by clinically significant changes on 4 clinical assessment questionnaires among 60 clients. Engaging in follow-up and adopting recommendations were associated with better outcomes. Consultation with a practitioner of Ayurveda may provide substantial probability of durable holistic health benefit and improvement in chronic conditions with minimal risk of harm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report a primary hemifacial spasm that started four years ago with sudden twitching of the face towards the right side. It was diagnosed as a hemifacial spasm by a neurologist and prescribed with Zeptol 100 mg 0.5 tablet BID for two weeks, followed by two sittings of Botox injection in a gap of 1 year. A year later, it reappeared more severely, driving her towards an integrative treatment modality. Ayurveda treatments including Nasya, Ksheera dhooma, internal medications, and Rasona navaneetha prayoga were administered. GV20, GB14, EX-HN5, ST3, ST4, ST6, TE17, LI4, and GB34 were selected for electroacupuncture. The scores of hemifacial spasm grading and quality of life scale were 9 and 20 (before), 6 and 16 (after treatment), and 4 and 10 (follow-up after six months), respectively. This integrative approach was safe and has shown an improvement in hemifacial spasm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Turmeric has a long history of use in South and Southeast Asia going back thousands of years. Its first known reference is found in the Atharva Veda, one of the four Vedic texts of Hinduism. In Sanskrit it has over fifty names based on its use in cuisine, cosmetics, folk medicine, as dye and in Hindu cultural and religious rituals. Turmeric is also gendered in Sanskrit; it is feminised as gauri (to make fair, also a woman's name), jayanti (winning over disease, also a woman's name) and Lakshmi (prosperity, also a woman's name as well as the goddess Lakshmi). It is the base spice in 'curry', central to marriage and religious rituals among many Indian communities and a staple of folk medicine for conditions ranging from sore throats to rheumatism and as antiseptic and antibiotic (jayanti). Haldi doodh (turmeric milk) is a common folk remedy for coughs, sore throats and related respiratory conditions. Turmeric, or haldi (its Hindi name) has also entered the global self-care and health foods wellness discourse with curcumin supplements being readily available in health shops and pharmacies. In the last few years it has also entered global popular culture with the introduction of beverages such as turmeric latte, aka, haldi doodh. Using Deleuze and Guattari's concept of 'rhizome thinking' (1987), which recognises connections rather than ruptures, this article explores the global circulation of turmeric discourses as networks anchored in aspects of Vedic culture. In this framing, the metaphoric rhizome of curcuma longa is rooted in ancient Vedic culture but like the rhizome, has sprouted a multiplicity of offshoots, connections and discourses in networks of reciprocity and re-invigoration rather than only networks of cultural appropriations and cultural bastardisation. These discourses are gendered both in the deployment of the feminised attributes such as gauri and jayanti as well as in the domain of beauty and wellness branding by predominantly female food and wellness 'gurus'. The article argues that this global circulation and sprouting of offshoots has imbricated turmeric in a globalised matrix of discursive meanings and social cultural practices that are rhizomatic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Tardive dyskinesia (TD) is a clinical condition characterized by abnormal involuntary movements of the body. • This case report presents successful integrative treatment of TD in a patient with mood disorder using Ayurveda and Yoga therapies. • The significant improvement in TD at 8-month follow-up, and without any notable adverse effects. • The integrative approach was cost effective and this report makes a case for considering integrative models of management for neuropsychiatric conditions such as TD. Tardive dyskinesia (TD) is a debilitating condition characterized by involuntary movements, often resulting from long-term use of antipsychotic medications. Conventional treatment options for TD are limited, expensive, and show mixed effectiveness. This case report presents successful integrative treatment of TD in a patient with mood disorder using Ayurveda and Yoga therapies. The patient showed significant symptom improvement, with sustained benefits at 8-month follow-up, and without any notable adverse effects. This case highlights the potential of integrative approaches in TD management and emphasizes the need for further research to better understand the underlying mechanisms of such therapies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article tries to interrogate the gendered world of disease through an exploration of the deities associated with contagious diseases. The complex world of disease, cure and patient care was one infused with ideas of sacrality and notions of pollution and purity in the premodern period. The article will explore the anthropomorphizing of diseases into female deities at the local level and the Brahmanical attempt to transform these local goddesses. Ayurvedic works in Sanskrit, Tamil and Malayalam, talapurāṇa and folklore have been consulted to analyse the role and relevance of goddesses of disease, in addition to fieldwork in Kerala and Tamil Nadu. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article attempts to make a set of interrelated arguments. It claims that the epithet 'medical tourism', which is of recent provenance, tacitly subscribes to a particular and narrow understanding of 'medicine', namely, the Anglo-American variant of biomedicine. This variant, unlike its Continental European counterpart, does not countenance the spa (Kur, Kuur, Termas, etc.) as 'medical' therapy, a therapy that is part of orthodox biomedicine on the continent, albeit on its fringe and one where pleasure and therapy often coexist. The Anglo-American variant leads to an exclusive focus on what may be called organ-based therapy with an emphasis on surgical and technological intervention, where uninsured and under-insured 'middle-class' patients travel from the White world to wog-land. This is a reversal of older forms of medical travel where rich wogs travelled from wog-land to the White world for medical treatment. The reversal results in a binary of White vampires and wog victims and is responsible, in part, for the moral tension of the oxymoron called 'medical tourism', with the other part of the oxymoron being constituted by the contradiction between pleasure and therapy. The vampire-victim binary in turn often mutes the mediating virtuosos— doctors, hospitals, medical travel operators, firms, companies, websites and most importantly, medical expertise and technology—in the analytical and explanatory canvas. In light of this, the article not only suggests that the epithet 'medical tourism' requires careful scrutiny and needs to be situated as part of a longer genealogy and larger canvas to include all kinds of transnational, transcultural and transregional medical travel, but it also makes a plea for re-examining the kind of morality play that the epithet engenders by asking, among other things, if vampires could also be victims, and what happens to this binary when the biomedical fringe (the Continental spa/Kur/Kuur/Termas) and alternative systems of medicine (e.g., Ayurveda and host of other therapies) are brought into play, or when doctors and therapists undertake travel for medical/therapeutic expertise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The advent of Western modernity in India, as a by-product of British colonialism, brought about considerable strain within Indian medical traditions. Indigenous medical traditions which were operating within the broad humoral theory of disease causation came to be subjected to the logic of biomedicine. By the late nineteenth century, as the British in India consolidated their state systems and the princely states modelled their administrative structures in accordance with the British state, there was an increased acceptance of biomedical standards against indigenous medical norms. This was further accentuated by the fear of epidemics, which suggested that diseases spread from person to person and could affect large geographic areas bringing death and suffering in its wake. Disease control and management had, therefore, become a major concern for both the state systems in the British presidencies and in the princely states. The prevalence of contagious diseases offered a challenge to reorganize the public health systems of the states, yet they also provided an opportunity to legitimize state sovereignty over the bodies of its subjects. Diseases that were previously seen as localized and situated within culturally specific locales were now increasingly subjected to the governing mechanisms of the state. This paper examines how the medical bureaucratization of Travancore, in the south-western part of the Indian subcontinent, affected local healthcare traditions in the face of expanding fear of epidemics, ultimately led to the reshaping of indigenous medical systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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It is believed that practicing yoga has a healing effect on reproductive organs and increases blood circulation. The aim of the present study was to systematically evaluate the results of previous studies on the effects of practicing yoga on infertility problems, depression caused by infertility, and pregnancy outcomes. This literature review was conducted from July through August 2020 from the following sources: Cochrane, Science Direct, Scopus, Medline, Complementary Index, and Google Scholar for the international data; Turkish Academic Network and Information Center, and the Council of Higher Education Thesis Search Database for the Turkish data. "Infertility" and "yoga" keywords were used, and the related publications were searched without date limitations. Twenty-four research articles that involved the practice of yoga were included in the study. The included studies were conducted in 9 different countries, the majority of which (n = 12) were conducted in India. In 3 of the studies, hatha yoga, and in 1 study, vinyasa yoga were performed; in the other studies, different yoga asanas that activated the pelvic regions were performed. In this systematic review, yoga practice was found to have a positive effect on stress, anxiety, and depression and emphasized that it should be applied as adjunctive therapy, especially during in vitro fertilization treatment. These studies have also shown that practicing yoga has a positive effect on pregnancy outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

DFU care in India is expensive. Cost-effective integrated care approaches for diabetic wounds are a necessity. A 54-year-old, type 2 diabetic male patient presented with bilateral Grade Four compound DFUs. He also had a peculiar pattern of progressive gangrenous lesions on both toes of his limbs. He was on medication for schizophrenia for 20 years. Doppler studies of both limbs revealed extensive atherosclerotic changes with no flow in the mid and very low flow in the distal left anterior tibial artery. Along with Ayurvedic internal medication, in-home wound care was advised. Wound cleaning (shodhana) was done with Triphala decoction, gauze packing (ropana) with Gandhak druti, and application of Jatyadi oil (snehana) was done daily. The wound inspection was done using a smartphone. Out of six wounds, one infected wound measuring (8 cm–3 cm), one tunnelling wound measuring (9 cm–3 cm), one neuro-ischemic, Grade 4 planter wound, and other non-infected wounds healed within four to ten weeks. It has been observed that all the toes with progressive ischemic black spot on the proximal interphalangeal joint had deteriorated within 20–35 days. Gandhak druti may be effective for progressive wounds. Jatyadi oil application to enhance microcirculation as a preventive therapy should be investigated. Wound dressing guidelines recommended in Ayurveda classics can be followed at diabetic wound in-home care using a smartphone. Correlative timeframe of pathophysiological signs and anatomical site of dermopathy patches can add value to the non-invasive microcirculation detection tests. • This article demonstrates the application of Gandhak Druti in the acute progressive stage of diabetic foot ulcers. • It also discussed the potential of frequent usage of jatyadi oil as a preventive therapy for peripheral artery disease. • It demonstrates how an Ayurvedic wound dressing can be managed at home using a smartphone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has negatively impacted the lives of people globally. To date, no specific treatment has emerged to combat the disease. Hence, there is an urge for immediate therapy against infections like COVID-19 through the inclusion of various traditional medicines including Ayurveda. This retrospective study was performed on 300 patients who were treated using the Holistic Ayurveda protocol at the COVID Health Care (CHC) centre. Out of 300 patients, 258 who took the AYURAKSHA Kit regularly along with the other Ayurvedic medicines for treatment were selected for this study. Demographic distribution, viral clearance, and haematological parameters of COVID-19 patients were analysed. The maximum number of COVID-19 positive cases (31.4%) were found in the age group 20–29 years whereas the age group 40–49 years (11.52 days) and ≥ 60 years (11.5 days) took the maximum time (P = 0.035) for viral clearance. The haematological investigations showed that the Ayurveda treatment maintained the admitted patients' blood profile and coagulation profile. Strikingly, liver and kidney profiles improved post-treatment as Serum Glutamic-Oxaloacetic Transaminase (P = 0.000), Serum Glutamic Pyruvic Transaminase (P = 0.000), Urea (P = 0.000), and Creatinine (P = 0.002) levels were significantly reduced. Likewise, a significant reduction in inflammation markers like C-reactive Protein (P = 0.000), Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (P = 0.003), and serum Ferritin (P = 0.000) was also observed. No adverse treatment effects were observed during follow-up of the patients. The above outcomes showed that the Holistic Ayurveda Protocol in treating COVID-19 patients is safe, acceptable and effective. Thus, suggesting the possible integration of Ayurvedic treatment in combating such deadly diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction:Ayurveda is an ancient science that guides us in maintaining a healthy mind and body. There are many secrets in Ayurveda knowledge for happy living. SadvrittaAcharana (good conduct or ethical regimen) is one among such principle of Ayurveda for to maintain balanced state of life. These are the rules and regulations designed by Aptapurushas who has aSatvik mental constitution. Following Sadvritta provides the great sense of control over our senses and desires. Sadvritta is not only a term that limits behavioral aspects but it also includes self-discipline and self-control. Vachana Sahitya is one of the practical oriented life sciences as like Ayurveda, which was written in early 11th and 12th Century as a part of Karnataka Bhakti Movement and Sharanas of Vachana Sahitya were social reformer hence we can find the Tattvas of Sadvritta in the form of Vachanas and these Vachanas are in a simple regional language Kannada, which enables common people to understand and follow them in their day today life. Materials and Methods:This research work is comparative observational study and materials required aretextbooks of Vachana Sahitya, Charaka Samhita and its commentaries, Kannada and English dictionary for understanding and translating Vachanas. Discussion:India has distinction of multiplicity of thoughts, languages, artistic, cultural, scientific, philosophical perceptions and knowledge system. This composite knowledge is perceived as the key resource for developmental activities hence it is very essential to learn these diversities and moral principles. This research article is intended to through a light on Tattvas of CharakoktaSadvrittaand its co relational analysiswith Tattvas of Vachana Sahitya. Conclusion:This research work is to observe the parallels between CharakoktaSadvrittaand Karnataka Vachana Sahitya that we can sensitize common people more easily as Vachanas are appealing to hearts and minds of common people and are in simple regional language. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The deadly global outbreak of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) has forged an unrivaled threat to human civilization. Contemplating its profuse impact, initial risk management and therapies are needed, as well as rapid detection strategies alongside treatments with existing drugs or traditional treatments to provide better clinical support for critical patients. Conventional detection techniques have been considered but do not sufficiently meet the current challenges of effective COVID-19 diagnosis. Therefore, several modern techniques including point-of-care diagnosis with a biosensor, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-associated proteins that function as nuclease (Cas) technology, next-generation sequencing, serological, digital, and imaging approaches have delivered improved and noteworthy success compared to that using traditional strategies. Conventional drug treatment, plasma therapy, and vaccine development are also ongoing. However, alternative medicines including Ayurveda, herbal drugs, homeopathy, and Unani have also been enlisted as prominent treatment strategies for developing herd immunity and physical defenses against COVID-19. All considered, this review can help develop rapid and simplified diagnostic strategies, as well as advanced evidence-based modern therapeutic approaches that will aid in combating the global pandemic. Overcoming the COVID-19 situation requires a balance between diagnosis and treatments. [Display omitted] • Novel coronavirus disease or COVID-19 is a pandemic outbreak and has initiated a global emergency. • The rapid diagnostic tool with immense sensitivity is essential for COVID-19 detection. • Novel treatment strategies along with vaccine development are urgently needed for treatment against COVID-19. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The role played by Traditional Medicinal Knowledge (TMK) such as, Ayurveda in personalized and preventive healthcare has its foundations in the Humoral Doctrine of Tri-dosha: Vata, Pitha and Kapha. This encompasses the manifestation of Panchamahabhutas within the human body thereby exhibiting unique bodily characteristics. Advanced pharmacogenomics has scientifically been correlated to the traditionally known genetic attributes of Tri-dosha and human body - Prakriti. Simultaneously the advancement of ethnopharmacology has enabled the extraction of plant-derived chemical compounds and bioactive constituents in drug discovery leading to commercial manufacturing of modern medicine that are a part of global market economy and founded on the western ideals of IPR and monopolistic trade tendencies. This has led to the bypassing of Access and Benefit Sharing (ABS) of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) resulting in rampant misappropriation and bioprospecting of TMK through obtaining of IP rights without prior approval. This has challenged the very subsistence and survival of indigenous and local communities thereby raising a strong necessity for a cooperative model of TMK sharing over the prevailing knowledge commercialization, private rights and monopolisticcapitalistic approaches. The objectives of the research paper is to discuss and understand the scientific validation of Tri-doshas, to critically analyze the protection of TMK through IPR, local customary laws & traditions and current national and international policy perspectives. Further, the research explores historical roots of modern western medicine to TMK and also analyses several cases where objections have successfully been raised by TKDL at the global patent offices against the grant of patent to prior art dealing with TMK of India. A detailed case study of the success story of the =Kani Model' of Access and Benefit Sharing has been made to emphasis on cooperative knowledge sharing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper is a landscape analysis of patenting activity in the field of AYUSH. A patent search was carried out for patents in the field of Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Siddha and Homeopathy in the Questel Orbit database. The search was carried out globally and included the patents that were filed in the last five years (February 2015 - January, 2020). A total of 1560 patents were retrieved during the search. The search showed that a disproportionate amount of patents were filed in the field of Yoga followed by Homeopathy and Ayurveda. Pinghu Shengroude plastic industry came out as the assignee with maximum number of patent filings followed by Jiangsu Youth Fitness Equipment. The search also covered products, current developments in the field along with listing potential commercialization opportunities for existing players in the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many health-conscious Indians consume products sold under the label of Ayurveda – a South Asian tradition which promotes health and longevity through medicine, proper lifestyle, and diet. Recently, in addition to the herbal pharmaceutical market, Ayurveda has transformed into a growing industry of food products that include everything from honey, spices to biscuits, ketchup, and instant noodles – products that are neither particularly "Ayurvedic" nor nutritionally healthy. In this paper, I examine the ideologies of Ayurvedic consumption in India to theorize how food gets to be recognized as "healthy" by linking personal and national health, appealing to taste, and incorporating globally recognizable forms. I put forward the notion of gastro-bilingualism to explain that the popularity of Ayurvedic food products arises from their capacity to meet the Indian consumers' concerns over health and cultural identity, while allowing them to indulge in pleasurable globalized consumption. Finally, I discuss Ayurveda's similarities and differences from other healthy food trends, specifically in terms of the cultural politics of what counts as local. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ayurvedic medicine (Ayurveda) is one of the oldest forms of holistic healing. An ancient Indian medical system that was developed over 3,000 years ago, Ayurveda treatments consist of herbal preparations, diet, exercise, and attention to lifestyle. Therapeutic regimens utilize various plants and herbs for the promotion and prevention of disease, as well as for the treatment of specific health problems. As the average life expectancy of the older adult continues to increase, the pervasiveness of cognitive impairment and dementia are also on the rise. The Ayurveda method has the potential to be an alternative treatment for individuals suffering from aging brain conditions. The objective of this literature review is to explore and highlight Ayurveda interventions within the scope of alternative treatment approaches for cognitive decline and brain diseases associated with old age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

People nowadays often have complaints about poor health, lethargy, fatigue, deterioration of capacity, anxiety. According to data from the World Health Organization, a fourth of the Earth's population is infected with intestinal parasites, the infection of which causes these symptoms. A common unhealthy lifestyle contributes to the spread of human parasites. Parasites affect all segments of the population, people of different age categories, genders, nationalities, races, professions. There is an objective need to improve the process of preventing helminthiasis and taking a modern approach to its application by means of complex methods, such as Ayurveda and yoga. The main purpose of the research was to create a comprehensive anti-helminth program based on scientific data. At the same time, we were guided by the desire to help a person choose the right style of nutrition, which is based on the principles of Ayurveda and brings balance, harmony and health to human life. We determined the type of constitution - Vata, Pitta, Kapha, on the basis of which created a proper diet, cleaning and motor activity program. The research involving women who have expressed a desire to get rid of parasites and promote health through Ayurveda and yoga therapy has shown the effectiveness of these remedies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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In hospitalised mild to moderate COVID-19 patients with pre-existing type 2 diabetes, we evaluated the efficacy of add-on customised Ayurveda intervention as compared to standard of care (SOC) in ameliorating symptoms, avoiding the need for ICU admission and ventilator support plus bringing down interleukin-6 (IL-6), and C-reactive protein (CRP) over 15 days. In this quasi-experimental trial, 24 participants per arm diagnosed with COVID-19 by RT-PCR, aged 18–75 years, fulfilling the inclusion/exclusion criteria, were inducted. The subjects were allocated, depending on their own voluntary choice, to SOC plus Ayurveda (group 1) or SOC alone (group 2) for 15 days. The analyses used the Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel test, multivariate ANOVA plus within-group repeated measures ANOVA, and Cochran's Q test. Of the 13 symptoms, cough (P = 0.04), general weakness (P = 0.02), and sore throat (P = 0.02) were statistically significantly different across the groups, with group I (add-on) improving better than group II (SOC). IL-6 dropped rapidly in group 1 by 7 days (P = 0.006) group 2 caught up by day 15 (P = 0.001). CRP improved slower than IL-6. The time to maximum change was not statistically different for IL-6 and CRP between the groups at day 15. There were no differences in random blood sugar and adverse events to Ayurveda-added SOC group. In this quasi-experimental cough, weakness, and sore throat improved more in the add-on Ayurveda than in the SOC. IL-6 concentrations are declining more rapidly in the add-on Ayurveda. Clinical and laboratory adverse events suggested no additional toxicity of add-on Ayurveda treatments. This study supports the need for a randomised, double-blind trial. [Display omitted] • Add-on Ayurveda in COVID-19 with diabetes improves symptoms and inflammatory markers. • Add-on group showed improvement in cough, fatigue, and sorethroat within 14 days. • Better alleviation of IL-6 buildup within 7 days in add-on Ayurveda group. • The study noted mild clinical adverse events. • Add-on ayurveda showed no hematological, renal, or hepatic toxicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ayurveda-based interventions are being given to children and adolescents for their benefits in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), but no systematic review of the overall evidence of Ayurveda intervention in ADHD has been conducted. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of Ayurveda intervention in children and adolescents with ADHD. Electronic databases like PubMed, The Cochrane Library (CENTRAL), AYUSH research portal, Digital Helpline for Ayurveda Research Articles, and Researches in Ayurveda—online directory of PG and PhD thesis—were searched in addition to hand searching of Ayurveda journals and clinical trial registries to identify ongoing or completed trials. Randomised controlled trials or quasi-randomised trials or randomised comparative clinical trials comparing Ayurvedic interventions were included. A total of 39 studies were identified; 10 met the inclusion and exclusion criteria and were systematically reviewed. Due to different forms of Ayurvedic intervention used and variable quality of data, only three studies were included in the meta-analysis. The meta-analysis shows that Ayurveda interventions have their benefits in reducing symptoms of ADHD. In this present review, some concerns, like small sample size and low methodological qualities of included studies, limit our ability to draw reliable conclusions regarding the effectiveness of Ayurveda intervention for children and adolescents with ADHD. Well-designed clinical trials reported in adherence to standard reporting guidelines are warranted. • First systematic review to provide evidence of Ayurveda interventions in children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. • Search strategy adopted was comprehensive, and all the relevant sources were searched for published and unpublished research studies. • Results show Ayurveda interventions are effective with some concerns to small sample size, low methodological qualities, etc. • Well-designed clinical studies adhering to standard norms are needed for future trials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Asrigdara in Ayurveda simulates the dysfunctional type of abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) and is a common gynaecological complaint. It negatively affects the quality of life and is associated with the poor health of women. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of Ayurvedic formulations, Pushyanuga churna (PC) and Usheerasava (UA) in managing AUB. A multicenter, single-arm clinical study was conducted on 80 diagnosed patients of AUB. PC 3 g and UA 20 ml were given twice daily for 90 days. Clinical assessment was done at baseline, every 15th day for the initial 3 months, and on 120th day. Pictorial blood loss assessment chart score, visual analogue scale, and Psychological General Well-being Index were utilised to measure the outcome parameters. The safety of formulations was evaluated by reporting adverse drug reactions and changes in liver function tests and renal function tests at baseline and on 90th day. Sixty-eight participants completed the trial. Data were analysed using SPSS version 28.0. The mean age of the participants was 31.7 ± 6.3 years and majority (73.5%) were multiparous. The most typical presentation was heavy menstrual bleeding in 92.6%, followed by frequent bleeding (52.9%). At baseline, 94.2% participants had a pictorial blood loss assessment chart score >100, which decreased to 30.7% at the end of the study. Highly significant changes (P < 0.001) were observed in frequent, prolonged bleeding and psychological general well-being index score. No adverse drug reactions and significant changes in safety parameters were found. PC and UA are effective, well-tolerable, and safe in managing AUB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Neurodegenerative diseases negatively affect the various neuronal populations of the central nervous system (CNS). Moreover, conventional treatment strategies are inefficient and have considerable side effects. Since Ayurveda has always been considered an effective alternative to synthetic drugs, Tinospora cordifolia , an age-old renowned herb in Ayurveda with great medicinal importance, is drawing the attention of many researchers. The effect of the crude extract of T. cordifolia and its constituents in alleviating neurodegenerative diseases has been reported previously and recently. This study followed thorough research on scientific databases like PubMed, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect regarding the practical implications of T. cordifolia extracts and compounds in alleviating neurodegeneration. Various search terms like 'neurodegenerative diseases', ' T. cordifolia and neurodegeneration', 'signalling mechanisms of neurodegeneration', and 'neuroprotective effect of T. cordifolia ' have been used. Several in vitro studies have suggested that T. cordifolia extracts and compounds can improve memory, cognition, and learning deteriorated by various neurodegenerative diseases. They also enhance the potential of the antioxidant system by restoring Glutathione (GSH) and Superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels and scavenging the free radicals that cause neuronal oxidative stress and neurodegeneration. This review article summarises the various aspects of T. cordifolia against different neurodegenerative diseases and its future potential therapeutic values. It also emphasises the need to investigate other compounds present in T. cordifolia. Exploring anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties proved T. cordifolia to be a life saviour. Despite this, extensive clinical and pharmacological studies are required to evaluate the precise dosage and formulation of its constituents. • Neurodegenerative diseases are generally proteinopathies. • Disarrangement and accumulation of a specific protein is the characteristic of most neurodegenerative diseases. • Neurodegeneration proceeds through PI3K/Akt/mTOR, extracellular-signal-regulated kinase, nuclear factor-κB, and transforming growth factor-β pathways. • Kainic acid-induced neurotoxicity, Lipopolysaccharide-induced neuroinflammation, and 6-hydroxydopamine and 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-induced parkinsonism are the models of neurodegeneration. • Neuroprotective effect of Tinospora cordifolia extract and its compounds is determined through these models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In today's world, civilisation is striving hard to restore order in the socio-economic and health sectors after the COVID-19 pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Despite widespread immunisation efforts worldwide, cases are still being reported frequently. The complete eradication of COVID-19 from society remains a far-fetched task, and it may continue to be a lurking threat in the days to come. However, offering promise, the complementary and alternative medicinal system (CAM) has proven effective in managing COVID-19 in conjunction with the existing therapeutic approaches. In this review, the overall efficacy of CAMs against SARS CoV-2 has been compiled on a single platform based on information collected from various databases such as 'Google Scholar,' 'PubMed,' 'Science Direct,' 'Shodhganga,' and 'Research Gate,' as described in the methods. The databases of WHO and AYUSH, Government of India, have also been followed. This analytical review suggests that the CAM system (Unani, Ayurveda, traditional Chinese medicine, and Homoeopathy) has been extensively used with proven efficacy in the treatment of COVID-19. Clinical outcomes have also been correlated with its efficacy. The CAM system can be widely adopted for both therapeutic and preventive measures, boosting the body's immunity. Integrating CAM into the management of COVID-19 could offer an option not only to control the symptoms during the infection but also to prevent the resurgence of such a pandemic in the future. Additionally, the severity of COVID-19 cases has been discussed with reference to comorbidities, along with the holistic impact of CAM in such instances. • SARS CoV-2 virus infects host cell by interacting ACE-2. • Various types of comorbidity increase the severity of the COVID-19 consequences. • Emerging variants of virus due to mutations have raised questions about the efficacy of vaccine. • Strengthening of immune system could be the major alternative to fight against the virus infection. • CAM can be widely adopted for both therapeutic as well as preventive measures to manage COVID-19 pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A woman with extensive chronic fatigue presented to the emergency department with vague abdominal complaints and was subsequently found to have microcytic anemia secondary to lead intoxication. Upon further investigation, the unlikely source of lead intoxication was found to be the supplements she procured from her frequent overseas trips to South Asia. Chelation therapy was started and lead levels dropped. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During current project, antibacterial and antibiofilm properties of traditional medicinal plant Ziziphus nummularia leaf extract and various fractions was investigated. The plant leaves were dried and extracted using 90% methanol followed by sequential fractionation using liquid-liquid fractionation. The fractions of a diverse polarity including chloroform, n-hexane, methanol and ethyl acetate and aqueous extracts were obtained that was further analysed by using HPLC. The phytochemical screening indicated presence of saponins, triterpenes and flavonoids. During DPPH assay, the methanolic fraction presented highest activity (IC50 193.1µg/mL), followed by ethyl acetate (IC50 220µg/mL) and chloroform (IC50 263µg/mL) fractions respectively. During FRAP assay, FRAP value for Z. nummularia extract 20.43µM. Among fractions, ethyl acetate fraction presented highest FRAP value (370.2µM), followed by chloroform (204µM) and methanolic (249µM) fractions. The antimicrobial activity of chloroform fraction was significantly high against P. aureginosa (6mm), L. monocytogenes, S. aureus (5mm), K. pneumoniae, B. Subtillus and E. coli (4mm). The ethyl acetate part presented significant activity (MIC 4mg/mL) against S. aureus, B. Subtillus and L. monocytogenes. The total extract and fractions were further tested for MBC and the MBC for ethyl acetate fractions was 4mg/mL, whereas all other fractions exhibited MBC >10mg/mL. No activity was recorded against Aspergillus niger. During antibiofilm assay, n-hexane fraction presented highest inhibition (88%) followed by ethyl acetate (69%) chloroform (65%) fractions. It was concluded that Z. nummularia possess moderate antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities. Further a synergistic effect is suggested in formulation having Z. nummularia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ayurveda interventions have been used for prophylaxis and care during the COVID-19 pandemic in India and have shown promising results in promoting early clinical recovery from COVID-19. To assess the efficacy and safety of Ashwagandha [ Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal ] tablet and Shunthi (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) capsule in mild and moderate COVID-19 compared to conventional standard care. A randomized controlled exploratory trial was conducted at a designated COVID-19 care center in India with 60 participants having mild or moderate COVID-19. Ashwagandha, two tablets (250 mg each), and Shunthi, two capsules (500 mg each) twice daily for 15 days, were given orally to the participants in the Ayurveda group (AG) and the control group (CG) received conventional standard care. The outcome measures included clinical recovery rate, the proportion of participants with negative RT-PCR assay for COVID-19 on day 7 and day 15, mean time to attain clinical recovery, change in pro-inflammatory markers, serum IgG for COVID-19, HRCT chest findings, disease progression and incidence of adverse events (AE). A total of 60 participants were enrolled, and the data of 48 participants (AG = 25 and CG = 23) were considered for the statistical analysis. The mean time for clinical recovery was reduced by almost 50 % in the AG (6.9 days) compared to CG (13.0 days) (p < 0.001). The proportion of participants who attained viral clearance in AG was 76.0 % compared to 60.8 % in the CG (RR= 1.24, 95 % CI: 0.841, 1.851, p- value = 0.270). Changes in the pro-inflammatory markers, serum IgG for COVID-19, and HRCT chest findings were comparable in both groups, and no AE or disease progression was reported. The Ayurveda interventions, Ashwagandha and Shunthi, can effectively reduce the duration of clinical recovery and improve time for viral clearance in mild and moderate COVID-19. These interventions were observed to be safe and well-tolerated during the duration of the trial. Clinical Trial Registry of India - CTRI/2020/08/027224 • RCT assessing the efficacy of Withania somnifera (WS) and Zingiber officinale (ZO) in mild and moderate COVID-19. • WS and ZO hasten clinical recovery in mild and moderate COVID-19. • No disease progression was observed after WS and ZO administration in mild and moderate COVID-19. • The combination of WS and ZO is safe for managing mild and moderate COVID-19. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An intrepid group of eight passionate herbalists had the ultimate Sri Lankan herbal medicine immersion experience in March 2018, where they witnessed traditional herbal medicine in action in the 21st century. The majority of the excursion was set in an enchanted sanctuary of exceptional beauty in Sri Lanka's heartland. The tour included Ayurvedic healing practices taking place in a traditional working village, including soothing massages and oil applications, medicated steam baths, herbal saunas, medicine making classes with an acclaimed Ayurveda practitioner, a visit to the oldest planted tree in the world in the ancient city of Anuradhapura, a personal tour of a working Ayurveda hospital and manufacturing facility, but mostly just surrendering to Mother Nature herself. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To examine the effect of holy basil (tulsi) on metabolic syndrome parameters. Methods Electronic database searches using relevant MeSH, free text terms and manual searches of the key references was performed up to August 2017. Study quality was evaluated using the Jadad scale. Effect size estimates were calculated as Mean Differences with 95% confidence interval(CI) using the random-effects model. Results Consumption of tulsi significantly lowered mean fasting blood glucose [pooled MD: −15.69, 95% CI: −28.67 to −2.70; p  = 0.02, I 2  = 91.22%] compared to control interventions. Subgroup analysis further revealed total, LDL and VLDL cholesterol levels were significantly reduced in older participants with metabolic disease. Conclusions Short-term effects of tulsi as a single herb was effective at reducing fasting blood glucose. In older (≥40 years) patients with metabolic disease tulsi supplementation at higher doses (≥1 g/day) is associated with a reduction in total, LDL and VLDL cholesterol without changing overall lipid profiles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Ayurveda is commonly used in South Asia to treat knee osteoarthritis (OA). We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of Ayurvedic treatment compared to conventional conservative care in patients with knee OA.Method: According to American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria knee OA patients were included in a multicenter randomized, controlled, open-label trial and treated in 2 hospital clinics and 2 private outpatient clinics in Germany. Participants received either a multi-modal Ayurvedic treatment or multi-modal conventional care with 15 treatments over 12 weeks respectively. Primary outcome was the change on the Western Ontario and McMaster University Osteoarthritis (WOMAC) Index after 12 weeks. Secondary outcomes included WOMAC subscales; the pain disability index and a pain experience scale, numeric rating scales for pain and sleep quality, quality-of-life and mood, rescue medication use, and safety issues.Results: One hundred fifty-one participants (Ayurveda n = 77, conventional care n = 74) were included. Changes of the WOMAC Index from baseline to 12 weeks were more pronounced in the Ayurveda group (mean difference 61.0 [95%CI: 52.4;69.6]) than in the conventional group (32.0 [95%CI: 21.4;42.6]) resulting in a significant between-group difference (p < 0.001) and a clinically relevant effect size (Cohen's d 0.68 [95% CI:0.35;1.01]). Similar trends were observed for all secondary outcomes at week 12. Effects were sustained at follow-ups after 6 and 12 months.Conclusion: Results suggest that Ayurvedic treatment is beneficial in reducing knee OA symptoms. Further studies should be conducted to confirm the magnitude of the effect and to clarify the role of different treatment components and non-specific effects. REGISTRATION: at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT01225133; initial release 10/06/2010). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The effect of tongue cleaning on digestive power is mentioned in Ayurvedic information sources. However, no study has yet evaluated this. We aimed to evaluate the effects of tongue cleaning on digestive power from Ayurvedic viewpoint, and on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in healthy adults.Design: Randomized cross-over.Interventions: We recruited healthy adults aged 20-60 years. After randomization, the immediate intervention group started tongue cleaning with a tongue scraper every morning for 4 weeks, and then waited for 4 weeks. The delayed intervention group initially waited for 4 weeks, and then started tongue cleaning in the same way.Main Outcome Measures: We assessed the outcomes using the questionnaire on digestive power from Ayurvedic viewpoint, and the General Oral Health Assessment Index for OHRQoL. We estimated the effects of tongue cleaning using generalized estimating equations (GEE). We also conducted a sensitivity analysis, by comparing the changes in outcomes during the first 4 weeks of both groups.Results: Of 58 participants, 57 completed the study. In GEE analysis, tongue cleaning showed improvement in some components of Ayurvedic digestive power represented by fecal and body conditions. For example, the odds ratio for improvement of constipation was 2.80 (95% CI: 1.04-7.58). The General Oral Health Assessment Index score was significantly increased by 4.33 points (95% CI: 2.18-6.48) after tongue cleaning. In sensitivity analyses, the trends of the results were similar to the main GEE analyses.Conclusions: Tongue cleaning may be an effective method to improve digestive power and OHRQoL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An international symposium on traditional medicine (TM) and complementary medicine (CM), Tradmed International, took place in Sri Lanka on 23-25 November 2017. Organised by the Ministry of Health, Nutrition and Indigenous Medicine of the Government of Sri Lanka, the World Health Organization and the University of Sri Jayewardenepura, the symposium was a multinational platform where the latest research and production of TM and CM was presented and discussed. It ushered in the establishment of an integrative, evidence-based TM system in Sri Lanka. A wide scope of TM- and CM-related issues were covered under the two broad themes of 'TM and CM service delivery for health promotion, disease prevention and management' and 'Safety, quality, efficacy and regulation of TM and CM products'. Experts shared their research findings through oral and poster presentations. It was proposed that this initiative would pave the way towards multidisciplinary research, bringing together academia and industry from the region and beyond in an innovative platform. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Ayurveda claims to be effective in the treatment of psychosomatic disorders by means of lifestyle and nutritional counseling.Design: In a randomized controlled study mothers with burnout were randomized into two groups: Ayurvedic nutritional counseling (according to tradition), and conventional nutritional counseling (following the recommendations of a family doctor). Patients received five counseling sessions over twelve weeks.Main Outcome Measures: Outcomes included levels of burnout, quality of life, sleep, stress, depression/anxiety, and spirituality at three and six months. It also included a qualitative evaluation of the communication processes.Results: We randomized thirty four patients; twenty three participants were included in the per protocol analysis. No significant differences were observed between the groups. However, significant and clinically relevant intra-group mean changes for the primary outcome burnout, and secondary outcomes sleep, stress, depression and mental health were only found in the Ayurveda group. The qualitative part of the study identified different conversational styles and counseling techniques between the two study groups. In conventional consultations questions tended to be category bound, while counseling-advice was predominantly admonitory. The Ayurvedic practitioner used open-ended interrogative forms, devices for displaying understanding, and positive re-evaluation more frequently, leading to an overall less asymmetrical interaction.Conclusions: We found positive effects for both groups, which however were more pronounced in the Ayurvedic group. The conversational and counseling techniques in the Ayurvedic group offered more opportunities for problem description by patients as well as patient-centered practice and resource-oriented recommendations by the physician.Trial Registration: NCT01797887. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]