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Pd(II)-catalyzed C–H arylations of free (NH) indoles including different carbonyl directing groups on C3-position with aryl iodides are demonstrated. Importantly, the reactions are carried out using the same catalyst system without any additional transient directing group (TDG). In this study, the formyl group as a directing group gave the C4-arylated indoles versus C2-arylation. Using this catalyst system, C–H functionalization of 3-acetylindoles provided domino C4-arylation/3,2-carbonyl migration products. This transformation involves the unusual migration of the acetyl group to the C2-position following C4-arylation in one pot. Meanwhile, migration of the acetyl group could be simply controlled and N-protected 3-acetylindoles afforded C4-arylation products without migration of the acetyl group. Functionalization of indole-3-carboxylic acid (or methyl ester) with aryl iodides using the present Pd(II)-catalyst system resulted in decarboxylation followed by the formation of C2-arylated indoles. Based on the control experiments and the literature, plausible mechanisms are proposed. The synthetic utilities of these acetylindole derivatives have also been demonstrated. Remarkably, C4-arylated acetylindoles have allowed the construction of functionalized pityiacitrin (a natural product).

Due to the increasing energy consumption, energy has become a constant problem in the world. Rapidly increasing population, urbanization and economic activities increase the pressure of countries on energy. In a world where consumption is increasing, energy management has become a more important and challenging issue. For this reason, it is necessary to make proper estimations that will reduce the pressure of energy demand on this issue. In order to realize the estimation of energy demand, Turkey application is carried out in this study and arithmetic optimization algorithm (AOA) which is a stochastic metaheuristic algorithm has used to for solving energy demand problem. AOA is inspired from four substantial math functions such as subtraction, multiplication, addition and division for searching process of candidate solutions. The current position update rules of AOA are not powerful enough for solving the problem dealt with this study. Therefore, an improved version of AOA named as IAOA is proposed for solving energy demand problem. In the proposed algorithm, a new position update rule is incorporated to basic AOA in order to enhanced the exploration and exploitation capability of AOA. The linear regression model is used for the estimation of the energy demand and the population, domestic product, import and export data are used in estimation process. In the proposed model, Turkey’s real data samples for the years 1979–2011 have been used, and Turkey’s long-term energy demand has been estimated for the years 2012–2030. While performing the estimation process, Turkey’s energy data of the years 1979–2011 have processed, and then Turkey’s long-term energy demand estimations are realized for three different scenarios. Firstly, the experimental results of the proposed model are analyzed, then the results are compared with different studies proposed in the literature. As a result of the comparisons, it is seen that the IAOA method has achieved better or similar results than compared methods. For this reason, it can be said that the IAOA method is competitive and successful in realizing the energy demand forecast for Turkey’s future years.

Highlights • We have focused on network structure and community evolution analysis. • The approach was developed to determine statistically significant modules/community structures from real-world networks. • This approach is a hybrid method that uses 4 greedy algorithm methods, genetic algorithm and shuffled frog-leaping algorithm. • Modularity, normalized cut, global density, and significance objective functions were selected as fitness criteria. • Consequently, this study was presented the hybrid approach that can be successfully used for module/community detection. Abstract Complex network structures, where real-world systems are modelled, contain important information that can be uncovered. Various studies have been carried out, and many methods have been proposed recently to discover such information by using different network analysis techniques. The discovery of meaningful modules in networks is one of these significant works. In this study, a new hybrid method, which is called uniSFLA , is proposed to determine statistically significant modules within the network. Another significant aspect of this study is to use various objective functions as fitness criteria and compare the results obtained from the tests with each other. The aim is to test the success of various objective functions used to investigate network modules and those defined according to different properties in graphs. The proposed algorithm was tested on real-world networks, and the test results were compared with those of other algorithms from published literature. Considering the experimental results, the method suggested in this work produced significant success in terms of both best and average values. Moreover, the accuracy and quality tests of the conformity values obtained for each objective function were performed with four different cluster evaluation criteria. Finally, in addition to the successful results for the uniSFLA algorithm, the comparative test results of appropriate network modules, obtained using modularity and significance functions, were evaluated by means of various tables and graphs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective There is a close link between major depressive disorder (MDD) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Increasing oxidative stress, changes in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and platelet clotting cascade may lead to subclinical myocardial damage in MDD patients without overt CVD. The aim of the study was to investigate whether MDD is associated with fragmented QRS (fQRS) on electrocardiogram (ECG) which may reflect myocardial fibrosis/scarring and ischaemia.Methods and results A total of 66 MDD patients without overt CVD and 35 age- and sex-matched control subjects were enrolled in this study. Twelve-lead surface ECGs were analysed for the presence of fQRS and echocardiographic examination was performed for each individual. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to assess the relationship between MDD and fQRS. The baseline characteristics in terms of age, gender, body mass index and cardiovascular risk factors were comparable in the groups (all Pvalues >0.05). Left ventricular ejection fraction, left ventricular wall thickness and diastolic blood pressure were also similar in the two groups. The presence of fQRS was more prevalent (P < 0.001) and SBP values (P = 0.007) were higher in patients with MDD compared to controls. Moreover, multivariate binary logistic regression analysis indicated the recurrent MDD as the only independent predictor of fQRS on ECG (beta =0.196, 95% CI 0.046 - 0.827, P = 0.014).Conclusion The presence of fQRS on the ECG is associated with MDD, and may be a beneficial tool for detecting subclinical cardiac damage in this population.

Functionalization from nonperipheral positions of triazatruxene is representing a challenge. Triarylation of the nonperipheral positions (1, 6, and 11) in triazatruxene scaffold has been achieved for the first time via two approaches. The transformations involve arylation/cyclotrimerization and cyclotrimerization/arylation sequences. POCl3-mediated direct cyclotrimerization of oxindoles containing electron-deficient substituents on the aryl group at the C7-position resulted in the formation of 2-chloroindoles, whereas oxindoles containing electron-donating substituents gave the triazatruxenes. Furthermore, desired triazatruxenes were achieved through cyclotrimerization of 7-bromooxindole followed by coupling with arylboronic acids. NMR structural analysis exhibited that two of the suitably substituted oxindole and triazatuxene may have atropisomerism at room temperature. As a representative triazatruxene scaffold, the optoelectronic properties of 9ahave also been studied via ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) absorption spectra and fluorescence spectra of 9athin films. Also, density functional theory calculation was realized to get knowledge about frontier molecular orbitals. In the light of the information obtained, an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) device utilizing 9aas an emissive layer was applied to obtain white emission. In brief, this study provides the first examples of the synthesis of triazatruxenes bearing aryl substituents at the nonperipheral positions as candidate compounds for organic electronics, optoelectronics, and material chemistry.

We report a 35‐year‐old male patient with chronic constipation and infertility for 4 years. Spermiogram revealed severe oligospermia. An external mass compressing the rectum was found during rectal examination and flexible rectosigmoidoscopy. Abdominal computed tomography showed a presacral cystic mass which displaced the bladder anteriorly. The cyst was completely removed with open surgery. Histopathologic analysis revealed a cystic lesion covered with squamous epithelium including polymorphonuclear leukocytes, macrophages and sperm cells. After the operation, the patient's symptoms were relieved. We considered that the constipation was caused by external compression by the vesicula seminalis cyst. In cases of constipation with infertility, vesicula seminalis cyst should be kept in mind.

We report a 35-year-old male patient with chronic constipation and infertility for 4 years. Spermiogram revealed severe oligospermia. An external mass compressing the rectum was found during rectal examination and flexible rectosigmoidoscopy. Abdominal computed tomography showed a presacral cystic mass which displaced the bladder anteriorly. The cyst was completely removed with open surgery. Histopathologic analysis revealed a cystic lesion covered with squamous epithelium including polymorphonuclear leukocytes, macrophages and sperm cells. After the operation, the patient's symptoms were relieved. We considered that the constipation was caused by external compression by the vesicula seminalis cyst. In cases of constipation with infertility, vesicula seminalis cyst should be kept in mind.