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The pathogens and parasites of Chrysolina fastuosa (Scopoli, 1763) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) were investigated. Two different types of pathogen and parasite were recorded in the adults of C. fastuosa: a gregarine belonging to the family Gregarinidae and a nematode parasite member of the family Mermithidae for the first time. The total occurrence rate of the pathogen and parasite of C. fastuosa is 48.2%. The gregarine pathogen and mermithid parasite infection rates are 48.1% and 7.7% respectively. In this study we report a gregarine pathogen and a mermithid parasite of C. fastuosa (Scopoli, 1763) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) and their occurrence over a period of two years (2008 and 2009) from Turkey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Essential oil vapours from Thymus spicata, Thymbra spicata var. spicata, Mentha spicata var. formasa and Mentha spicata subsp. tomentosa were tested for their toxicity against the adults of Sitophilus granarius (L.). Essential oils were applied at the doses of 2, 3 and 4 μl in desiccators with 4 1 capacity, corresponding to 0.5, 0.75 and 1 μl/l air. Although desirable insecticidal activities against the pest were achieved with all the essential oils tested, the oil of M. spicata subsp. tomentosa was found the most effective at a dose of 0.5 μl/l air and an exposure period of 48 h. On the other hand, the oils from M. spicata subsp. tomentosa and M. spicata var. formasa had similar effects at the doses of 0.75 and 1 μl/l air and the exposure periods of 24, 36 and 48 h. For each of the plant essential oils tested, the toxicity against adult S. granarius was doseand exposure time-dependent. A 100% mortality rate in adult S. granarius was achieved only with M. spicata subsp. tomentosa and M. spicata var. formasa essential oils at the dose of 1 μl/l air and the exposure periods of 36 and 48 h. It can thus be concluded that essential oils from M. spicata subsp. tomentosa and M. spicata var. formasa may be potential control agents against S. granarius in storage facilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The chemical compounds norbornanetetraacetate (lb), cyclooctane-l,2,5,6-tetraacetate (2b), and lactone 3 showed fumigant toxicity against adults of Sitophilus granarius (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). The P-value tests were carried out to determine the statistical significance of dose and time combinations against the insect. Norbornanetetraacetate (1b) was the most toxic of the three compounds tested in 3 μL (1 μL/L air) within the first 24 h after application. The same level of toxicity was obtained with cyclooctane-1,2,5,6-tetraacetate (2b) in 3 μL at 48 h. On the other hand, lactone 3 was the most toxic of the three compounds tested in 3 μL (1 μL/L air) at 72 h. In 9 μL (3 μL/L air), norbornanetetraacetate (1b) was the most toxic of the three compounds tested on adult S. granarius up to 48 h. Norbornanetetraacetate (1b) was more toxic than lactone 3 and cyclooctane-1,2,5,6-tetraacetate (2b) at 6-48 h in 9 μL (3 μL/L air), and as toxic as lactone 3 at 72 h. In general, norbornanetetraacetate (1b) is more toxic than cyclooctane-1,2, 5,6tetraacetate (2b) and lactone 3 at all doses and exposure times against adult S. granarius. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present study a gregarine parasite is described from Psylliodes cupreus Koch 1803 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in Turkey for the first time. Gregarine infection was observed in all localities investigated during the study. Infection in P. cupreus populations was 25%. During the study, several life stages, such as trophozoite, gamont and associative form of the gregarine parasite were observed in the intestine lumen of P. cupreus adults. Measurements of gregarine gamonts and primites-satellites in associations are given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Essential oil vapours from the plant species Origanum acutidens L. (Lamiaceae) were tested for their toxicities against the adults of Lasioderma serricorne F. (Coleoptera: Anobiidae) and Sitophilus granarius L. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), and third instar larvae of Ephestia kuehniella Zell. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). The amounts of essential oil applied were 2, 4, 6 and 8 μ in each of the desiccators with 4 L capacity, corresponding to 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2 μ/L air. The test essential oil achieved 100% mortality with a dose of 2 μ/L air within 96 h in all life stages tested. In general, mortality increased with the doses of essential oil and exposure periods. Although the essential oil of O. acutidens was found to be effective against all test insect species, E. kuehniella, in general, was more sensitive against the oil than both S. granarius and L. serricorne in all dose and exposure time variants. The results of the study suggest that essential oil from this plant has a potential as control agent against E. kuehniella, L. serricorne and S. granarius under storage conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Essential oil vapours obtained from Artemisia absinthium (L) (Compositae) were tested for their toxicities against nymphs and adults of Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) and adults of Bemisia tabasi Genn. (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae). The amounts of essential oils applied were 2, 4, 6 and 8 μl in each of the desiccators (4 1 capacity), corresponding to 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2 μl/l air. Essential oil of A. absinthium was quite promising as a fumigant against these species. Insecticidal and acaricidal activities increased with the dosage of essential oils. Mortality increased generally as the dose of essential oil and the exposure period. Among these pests, B. tabasi was more sensitive than the other species. An application period of 120 hours was more effective than 96 hour, 48 hour and 24 hour in all species. The highest dose, 2 μl/l air, was more effective than other doses in all pest species. The results showed significant differences at p<0.01 levels. Essential oils extracted from A. absinthium may be potential control agents against T. urticae and B. tabasi in greenhouse conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Malacosoma neustria (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae) is one of the important agricultural pests in Turkey. A bacterial pathogen of M. neustria was isolated and characterized to find an effective and safe bacterial agent for its biological control. The isolated bacteria were identified as Brevibacillus agri and show a high toxicity to the larvae of M. neustria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]