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Affinity-based electrochemical (AEC) biosensors have gained more attention in the field of point-of-care management. However, AEC sensing is hampered by biofouling of the electrode surface and degradation of the antifouling material. Therefore, a breakthrough in antifouling nanomaterials is crucial for the fabrication of reliable AEC biosensors. Herein, for the first time, we propose 1-pyrenebutyric acid-functionalized MXene to develop an antifouling nanocomposite to resist biofouling in the immunosensors. The nanocomposite consisted of a 3D porous network of bovine serum albumin cross-linked with glutaraldehyde with functionalized MXene as conductive nanofillers, where the inherited oxidation resistance property of functionalized MXene improved the electrochemical lifetime of the nanocomposite. On the other hand, the size-extruded porous structure of the nanocomposite inhibited the biofouling activity on the electrode surface for up to 90 days in real samples. As a proof of concept, the antifouling nanocomposite was utilized to fabricate a multiplexed immunosensor for the detection of C-reactive protein (CRP) and ferritin biomarkers. The fabricated sensor showed good selectivity over time and an excellent limit of detection for CRP and ferritin of 6.2 and 4.2 pg/mL, respectively. This research successfully demonstrated that functionalized MXene-based antifouling nanocomposites have great potential to develop high-performance and low-cost immunosensors.

The objectives of this study were to compare dengue virus (DENV) cases, deaths, case-fatality ratio [CFR], and meteorological parameters between the first and the recent decades of this century (2000–2010 vs. 2011–2022) and to describe the trends, seasonality, and impact of change of temperature and rainfall patterns on transmission dynamics of dengue in Bangladesh. For the period 2000–2022, dengue cases and death data from Bangladesh’s Ministry of Health and Family Welfare’s website, and meteorological data from the Bangladesh Meteorological Department were analyzed. A Poisson regression model was performed to identify the impact of meteorological parameters on the monthly dengue cases. A forecast of dengue cases was performed using an autoregressive integrated moving average model. Over the past 23 yr, a total of 244,246 dengue cases were reported including 849 deaths (CFR = 0.35%). The mean annual number of dengue cases increased 8 times during the second decade, with 2,216 cases during 2000–2010 vs. 18,321 cases during 2011–2022. The mean annual number of deaths doubled (21 vs. 46), but the overall CFR has decreased by one-third (0.69% vs. 0.23%). Concurrently, the annual mean temperature increased by 0.49 °C, and rainfall decreased by 314 mm with altered precipitation seasonality. Monthly mean temperature (Incidence risk ratio [IRR]: 1.26), first-lagged rainfall (IRR: 1.08), and second-lagged rainfall (IRR: 1.17) were significantly associated with monthly dengue cases. The increased local temperature and changes in rainfall seasonality might have contributed to the increased dengue cases in Bangladesh.

Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) is a promising technology for future-generation wireless systems, with potential to contribute to the improvement of spectral efficiency. NOMA groups users into clusters, based on channel gain-difference. However, user mobility continuously changes the channel gain, which often requires re-clustering. In this article, we study a set of re-clustering methods: arbitrary, one-by-one and Kuhn-Munkres assignment algorithm (KMAA), that expedite link re-establishment and keep the clusters interference-free, taking into account the mobility of users. The methods are applied to automatically dissociate identified users within clusters, when the gain-difference is lower than a given threshold, followed by re-association procedure, which integrates users into different clusters, maintaining an appropriate gain-difference. Experimental results show that the KMAA method improves efficiency and capacity through minimizing the number of re-clustering events, improving resource utilization, and lowering signaling overhead. Other sets of results highlight the throughput and outage probability gains of the KMAA method across a wide range of mobility scenarios. We also provide an analysis of the KMAA algorithm when applied to MIMO-NOMA, encompassing link resiliency and maintenance of average gain-difference, among users in clusters.

ABSTRACTRecycled hydroponic solutions used for growing crops can accumulate allelochemicals that inhibit plant growth. We applied alternating current electrodegradation (AC-ED) to fresh nonrenewed nutrient solutions (i.e. solutions remaining unchanged throughout the culture period) and once-used nonrenewed solutions (i.e. solutions that had been used for a previous culture) for detoxifying autotoxic chemicals. Four experiments were conducted in which lettuce plants were grown in different nonrenewed solutions treated with AC-ED and in renewed solution that was not treated with AC-ED. Renewed solution (50% ‘Enshi’ solution) was changed at 14-day intervals. In fresh starting solutions, no substantial difference was found in shoot fresh weight (SFW) between renewed and AC-ED-treated nonrenewed solutions at different intervals (experiment I) and frequencies (experiment III), but notably, the lowest yield was recorded in non-renewed solution. In contrast, in the case of once-used nonrenewed solution, weekly (experiment II) and thrice-weekly and continuous (experiment IV) AC-ED application showed significantly higher SFW compared to values for other solutions, and the lowest value was also found in nonrenewed once-used culture solution. Therefore, we recommend the application of AC-ED to non-renewed solution either thrice weekly or continuously for efficient detoxification of accumulated allelochemicals to improve the growth, yield and quality of lettuce under two or more successive cultivations in recycled hydroponics.

Roadway intersection fatalities account for around 24% of total traffic fatalities each year, with left-turning vehicles associated with most of these crashes. To manage left-turning movements, various left-turn signal phases like protected only (PO), protected/permitted left-turn (PPLT), and flashing yellow arrow (FYA) are currently in use. However, their overall effectiveness has not been well established. The paper evaluates the safety and operational effectiveness of PO over PPLT left-turn signal phase using sample intersections from Louisiana. A total of 151 signalized intersections with uniform left-turn signal phases at all of their approaches were selected. Crash data recorded over five years at those intersections comprising a total of 13,278 crashes, including 1,275 left-turn crashes, were collected. A crash modification factor (CMF) was developed using the negative binomial model (NBM) to assess the safety benefits of PO over PPLT. The Highway Capacity Manual6th Edition (HCM 6) control delay field measurement technique was used for the operational analysis. The study first developed CMFs for total crashes and only left-turn crashes at various severity levels. CMF of PO over PPLT revealed that PO significantly reduced all severity levels of left-turn crashes by more than 50%, however, it was only able to reduce injury and fatal total crashes. Second, the study found average control delay at PO (50.69 s/vehicle) significantly higher than at PPLT (46.04 s/vehicle). The difference in delay was only significant during the morning peak hour. Overall, from both safety and operation perspectives, the results indicate that PO performs better than PPLT.

Since triboelectric nanogenerators (TENG) are receiving attention as a promising technology in the domain of self-powered sensors for human activity monitoring and human machine interfaces, significant research is being conducted to enhance their performance and reliability. Herein, a novel V2CTX@poly(vinylidene-fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) composite nanofibrous (VPCN) mat was developed as a highly electronegative and stable tribolayer to improve the overall triboelectric performance. An abundant presence of functional groups (-F, -O, and -OH) on the V2CTXsurfaces enhanced electronegativity, while formation of micro-capacitor networks into the polymer matrix enhanced the dielectric property along with the electron-trapping capacity, which reduced charge loss. The fabricated VPCN-TENG coupled with polyethylene oxide (PEO) nanofibrous mat exhibited a peak power-density of 18.2 W/m2, which was 3.5-fold higher than the pristine PVDF-HFP nanofibers-based TENG. The remarkable electrical output of the VPCN-TENG facilitated the transformation of biomechanical energy from various human motions into electrical power capable of powering commercial electronics such as stopwatches and thermo-hygrometers. Furthermore, the VPCN-TENG was successfully demonstrated as a self-powered pressure sensor with an extraordinary sensitivity of 25.17 VkPa-1(1–42 kPa). In addition, the VPCN-TENG was used to fabricate a smart-belt as a self-powered motion sensor for monitoring various human activities such as walking, running, jumping, and posture monitoring during sitting and cycling. These findings offer valuable insights for designing high-performance TENG, fostering development of self-sustainable wearable electronics and advancements in self-powered sensors.

ABSTRACTSmall non-coding RNAs play a pivotal role in gene regulation, repression of transposable element and viral activity in various organisms. Among the various categories of these small non-coding RNAs, microRNAs (miRNAs) guide post-translational gene regulation in cellular development, proliferation, apoptosis, oncogenesis, and differentiation. Here, we performed a genome-wide computational prediction of miRNAs to improve the understanding of miRNA observation and function in molluscs. As an initial step, hundreds of conserved miRNAs were predicted in 35 species of molluscs through genome scanning. Afterwards, the miRNAs’ population, isoforms, organization, and function were characterized in detail. Furthermore, the key miRNA biogenesis factors, including AGO2, DGCR8, DICER, DROSHA, TRABP2, RAN, and XPO5, were elucidated based on homologue sequence searching. We also summarized the miRNAs’ function in biomineralization, immune and stress response, as well as growth and development in molluscs. Because miRNAs play a vital role in various lifeforms, this study will provide insight into miRNA biogenesis and function in molluscs, as well as other invertebrates.

The electricity regulatory framework in Bangladesh is in the process of reforms since its inception. The salient features of the reforms include converting the electricity sector from public service to private service, shifting bureaucratic governance to corporate governance, reducing command and control regulation and establishing a regulatory commission. The aim of this paper is to review the existing laws and regulations in relation to electricity regulation in Bangladesh with a view to assessing the efficiency of the electricity regulatory framework. The findings suggest that electricity regulations need to be stable and predictable, and regulatory institutions should be coordinated, independent and accountable.

The object-relational impedance mismatch (ORIM) problem characterises differences between the object-oriented and relational approaches to data access. Queries generated by object-relational mapping (ORM) frameworks are designed to overcome ORIM difficulties and can cause performance concerns in environments which use object-oriented paradigms. The aim of this paper is twofold, first presenting a survey of database practitioners on the effectiveness of ORM tools followed by an experimental investigation into the extent of operational concerns through the comparison of ORM-generated query performance and SQL query performance with a benchmark data set. The results show there are perceived difficulties in tuning ORM tools and distrust around their effectiveness. Through experimental testing, these views are validated by demonstrating that ORMs exhibit performance issues to the detriment of the query and the overall scalability of the ORM-led approach. Future work on establishing a system to support the query optimiser when parsing and preparing ORM-generated queries is outlined.

In this research article, we examined the influences of thermal diffusion and Dufour on time-dependent free MHD convective transport flow through an inclined permeable plate numerically. The dimensionless ordinary differential equations are found from the dimensional governing non-linear partial differential equations through the use of similarity transformation. The transformed dimensionless ordinary differential equations are resolved by employing the finite difference method in the Shooting technique through MATLAB software. The numerical outcomes have been presented for the impact of several non-dimensional numbers or parameters to explore the fluid flow, and heat and mass transfer features. The fluid velocity diminishes for mounting amounts of the inclined angle. The values of f′(0) go up by about 75 % due to rising values of the inclined angle from 150to 600. With other previously released research studies, a comparison has been performed. The present research reveals good agreement with the published study.

Potentiometric detection in complex biological fluids enables continuous electrolyte monitoring for personal healthcare; however, the commercialization of ion-selective electrode-based devices has been limited by the rapid loss of potential stability caused by electrode surface inactivation and biofouling. Here, we describe a simple multifunctional hybrid patch incorporating an Au nanoparticle/siloxene-based solid contact (SC) supported by a substrate made of laser-inscribed graphene on poly(dimethylsiloxane) for the noninvasive detection of sweat Na+and K+. These SC nanocomposites prevent the formation of a water layer during ion-to-electron transfer, preserving 3 and 5 μV/h potential drift for the Na+and K+ion-selective electrodes, respectively, after 13 h of exposure. The lamellar structure of the siloxene sheets increases the SC area. In addition, the electroplated Au nanoparticles, which have a large surface area and excellent conductivity, further increased the electric double-layer capacitance at the interface between the ion-selective membranes and solid-state contacts, thus facilitating ion-to-electron transduction and ultimately improving the detection stability of Na+and K+. Furthermore, the integrated temperature and electrocardiogram sensors in the flexible patch assist in monitoring body temperature and electrocardiogram signals, respectively. Featuring both electrochemical ion-selective and physical sensors, this patch offers immense potential for the self-monitoring of health.

Gut microbiome variation has functional importance on host fitness, ecology, and evolution, but the scope and basis of microbial diversity for marine shrimp are still not fully understood. The aim of present study is to characterize the gut microbiomes of five Penaeus monodonbroodstocks populations of wild and aquaculture environments within the Indo-Pacific region. We conducted data analysis of 16S rRNA gene amplicons using Qiime2 and Microbiomeanalyst and functional prediction by FAPROTAX (Functional Annotation of Prokaryotic Taxa). Our results identified considerable variation in the gut microbiomes of wild and cultured shrimps, presumably reflecting differences in diet, host genetic divergence, and host-bacteria co-evolution. While wild shrimp broodstocks had higher gut microbial diversity, a pronounced divergence of core microbiota was detected in PCOA analysis for both wild and cultured shrimp populations with altered community structure and predicted metabolic functions. Proteobacteria was observed to be dominated in the gut microbiome in all P. monodonpopulations, whereas Gracilibacteria and Fusobacteriia were only found in domesticated populations. Interestingly, probiotic bacteria such as genus Enterococcusand Lactobacilluswere observed to be the core genus for both wild populations with range from 1.08% to 17.67%. LEfSe analysis detected significant enrichment of beneficial/opportunistic pathogens from the gut microbiome of each host population, suggesting possible biomarkers for host health monitoring. Our results provide insights into the deterministic factors contributing to the interpopulation variation in the P. monodonmicrobiome, highlighting potential future research directions in areas such as host-bacteria co-evolution and holobiome, which may enable the assessment of host-species genomic divergence across environmental gradients.

Dyslipidemia is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This countrywide study explored the prevalence and patterns of dyslipidemia among patients with T2DM who were not taking lipid-lowering drugs (LLD).

This study examines the role of various environmental factors, viz. salinity, water potential, alcohol, potassium nitrate, gibberellic acid, and root exudates of neighbouring Lolium angustifoliusspecies on seed germination, and root growth of annual ryegrass (L. rigidum). According to a statistical model, a total of 20% seed was germinated at 100 mM of sodium chloride solutions suggesting that the species is moderate to high levels of salinity tolerant. Moderate to high levels of water stress did not inhibit seed germination of L. rigidum,and 15% seeds still germinated at − 8 MPa water. Germination process of non-germinated seeds due to salt stress was not accelerated by gibberellic acid, but about 30% seed germination was increased by 0.02 M potassium nitrate treatment. The hormesis model suggests that concentrations of potassium nitrate more than 0.04 had no effect to enhance seed germination. Seeds of L. rigidumwere successfully germinated under a temperature range between 10 and 30 °C. A separate laboratory experiment determined that germination was not affected by root exudates of L. angustifoliusbut had a significant effect on seedling roots of L. rigidum, where density by variety had a major effect on the root growth of L. rigidum.At 20 seedlings of L. angustifolius, about 80% root growth of L. rigidumwas controlled and 60% roots of L. rigidumshowed bent or curved growth. These results showed that L. rigidummay possess a wide range adaptive mechanism to different environmental stress.

The production performance and interlinkages between environmental parameters and growth performances of Hypnea musciformiswere evaluated under two cultivation techniques, namely “off-bottom long-line” and “off-bottom net”, for a period of nine months from September 2021 to May 2022 at the Nuniachara regions of the south-east coast of the Bay of Bengal, Bangladesh. For this study, five off-bottom long-line (14 m × 5 m) and five off-bottom net (3.5 m × 3.5 m) cultivation plots were established and managed in a participatory farming approach with coastal communities. When growing to a length of 30–40 cm, H. musciformiswas partially harvested every 15–30 days, depending on the cultivation months. The gross weight biomass (GWB) in the off-bottom net cultivation system was almost two folds higher than the off-bottom long-line system. Similarly, the average daily growth rate (DGR) was found to be 33% higher in the off-bottom net cultivation system compared to the off-bottom long-line system. The correlation analysis demonstrated that various environmental parameters were significantly correlated (p < 0.05) with the GWB and DGR of H. musciformis. Temperature, Turbidity, and Total Suspended Solids were significantly (p < 0.001) negatively correlated, while salinity and different nutrient concentrations (NO3-N, NO2-N, and PO4-P) were significantly (p < 0.001) positively correlated with the GWB and DGR of H. musciformisseaweed. Furthermore, multivariate principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that high concentrations of nutrients (NO3-N, NO2-N, and PO4-P) and salinity positively influenced the DGR and GWB from December to February, while the opposite ecological processes were responsible for the lower DGR and GWB values of H. musciformisin the other cultivation months. The findings of the present study demonstrated that the off-bottom net cultivation system could be a promising farming technology for producing carrageenan-enriched H. musciformis.

•Dietary effect of IMP on growth performance, immune response and disease resistance were evaluated in Nile tilapia.•Growth and feed utilization were improved by supplementing ≥2 g kg−1IMP in diets.•TSP and SOD were improved with ≥4 g kg−1supplementation, while LA with 8 g kg−1and BA with ≥1 g kg−1supplementations.•IMP supplementation showed higher cumulative survival of fish in challenged with S. agalactiae.•In conclusion, a minimum concentration of 2 g kg−1IMP could effectively enhance the Nile tilapia’s performances.

Background:Neurological disorders represent one of the most prominent causes of morbidity and mortality that adversely affect the lifestyle of patients and a major percentage of these diseases exists in developing countries. Purpose:The objective of this study was to examine the prevalence and prescription pattern for outpatients with neurological disorders in Bangladesh. Methods:The study was conducted on 1,684 patients in 6 hospitals (National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital, Dhaka Medical College and Hospital, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College, Sir Salimullah Medical College, and Apollo Hospitals Dhaka) of the Dhaka City from March 2014 to June 2015. Data were collected through a predesigned questionnaire from the patients that contain information about gender, age, marital status, occupation, residential status, affected disease, self-medicated medicines, and prescribed medicines. Results:Out of 1,684 patients, 28.38% patients were aged 51–60 years and male, 57.19% predominance. The study exposed headache and migraine for 29.75% patients, followed by stroke for 23.93% patients and seizure for 7.07% patients. Genetic reason for the neurological disorders was seen only among 12.35% patients. In this study, 16.98% patients had been affected by neurological disorders for more than 2 years and 19% of patients for less than 6 months. Most extensively prescribed medicines were multivitamins and multiminerals used by 17.89% of patients followed by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and other analgesic by 14.84%; afterwards antiulcerants were used by 12.62%, subsequently anticoagulants were used by 11.61% followed by antihyperlipidemic medicines by 10.26% and antiepileptic drugs by 8.08% of patients. The crucial reasons for the selection of prescribed medicines were the confidence that patients had with the physician’s prescribed medicines, which was shown for 40.97% patients and knowledge of the medicines was reported for 35.04% patients. The period of prescribed medicine usage was 1–3 months for 39.73% patients and 3–6 months for 29.16% patients. The patient’s compliance for prescribed medicines was satisfactory for 34.56% patients, good for 28.15% patients, and side effects were reported for 23.22% patients. Conclusion:In Bangladesh, it is not surprising to note that neurological diseases are more prevalent than other different diseases among different age groups and genders. Headache and migraine, stroke and seizure are most frequently encountered neurological disorders here. Treatment procedure of these disorders is not quite suitable due to the anomalies of health care management systems. Appropriate management of the health care system, especially the placement of hospital and community pharmacy can overcome the existing inconsistencies as well as increase the knowledge, awareness, and perception of the patients about health and neurological disorders.

•Dietary effects of host-derived bacteria on gut microbiota, morphology and short chain fatty acids production were evaluated for first time in Tor tambroides.•The intake of host-associated probiotics drastically modified the gut microbiota composition.•Villus length, villus width and villus area were significantly higher in T. tambroidesjuveniles fed the diet supplemented with Alcaligenessp.•Acetate and butyrate were detected as main SCFAs in the gastrointestinal tract of T. tambroides.•The function of Alcaligenessp. as novel probiotics is first time reported in fish.

•Dietary effects of host-derived bacteria on growth performances at cellular and molecular level were investigated in Tor tambroides.•Growth performances of T. tambroideswere significantly higher in Alcaligenessp. and Bacillussp. supplemented dietary treatments.•Alcaligenessp. and Bacillussp. enhanced the growth of T. tambroidesby promoting muscle fiber hypertrophy rather than hyperplasia.•Alcaligenessp. and Bacillussp. enhanced the growth of T. tambroidesby upregulating GH and IGF1 expression.•Host-derived Alcaligenessp. as a potential probiotic is newly documented in fish.

•Effects of three live feeds (LF) and a formulated feed (FF) on cellular muscle growth and growth-related gene expression of Tor. tambroideswere evaluated.•Growth rate was significantly highest in post-larvae fed FF compared to any of the LF tested.•Increased growth rate in FF dietary treatment was mostly governed by muscle fibers hypertrophy rather than hyperplasia.•Partial nucleotide sequence MyoDand myogeningene were cloned from T. tambroideslarvae.•FF dietary treatment upregulated the mRNA expression of MyoDand myogeningenes that promote muscle growth in the T. tambroideslarvae.

Several neurological disorders have been described in HIV infection. Vacuolar myelopathy and neurocognitive disorders usually come at an advanced stage of the disease process. Here, we present a case where these features constitute the presenting complaints. Both of these conditions improved significantly following the start of HAART. We believe this clinical pathway can be a good learning point for the clinician.

BackgroundWorkforce retention is a critical issue for the ambulance service sector. 1 in 10 paramedics left their job in the 12 months to June 2022. Some 1 in 4 have said when surveyed that they would leave the role as soon as they could find another job. Working experiences of paramedics have been a longstanding concern. Compared to other staff groups, they have consistently lower levels of satisfaction, which have deteriorated further in the last year. In other healthcare sectors high staff turnover has been associated with reduced patient and staff safety. The study aims to understand workforce retention and its impact on safety.MethodsRetrospective routinely collected minimum dataset from the period of 1stJanuary 2015 to 30 September 2022 will be extracted from different databases from three NHS Ambulance Trusts across England and Wales. The minimum dataset will include but not limited to contact, incident, and staff related data. A prespecified anonymisation process will be applied to the extracted datasets creating a unique identifier which will be used to align datasets from different sources. The study methodology will revolve around the application of explorative data analysis (EDA) to better shape knowledge driven decision making using readily available large datasets from the NHS Ambulance Trusts. The nature of EDA is such that relationships between various unexplored variables within large datasets can be explored simultaneously rather than specifying number of variables at a given time and usually in isolation.Results and conclusionExploring contributory factors for workforce retention and how this affects patient and staff outcomes using data readily available will provide benefit to patients, staff, and the NHS.

•Effects of live (LF) and formulated feed (FF) on performances of T. tambroideslarvae were evaluated.•Growth rate was significantly highest in larvae fed FF compared to any of the LF tested.•T. tambroideslarvae fed FF contained the highest level of PUFA compared to those fed LF.•The highest RNA/DNA ratio value was observed in T. tambroideslarvae fed FF.•Nursery rearing of T. tambroideslarvae with FF is better than feeding any of the LF tested.

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, and the most predominant cause of dementia in the elderly. Traditionally Anisomeles indica(L.) Kuntze has widely been used as tonic to brain. Our aim is to investigate the cholinesterase inhibitory activities, and antioxidant properties of the plant extracts in the treatment of AD. The crude methanol extract was prepared by cold extraction method and four fractions namely petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and water fraction were assessed for acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase inhibitory activity by the Ellman method, and their antioxidant properties were assessed by several assays including reducing power, scavenging of DPPH and hydroxyl radicals together with quantitative analyses of endogenous substances. Among the tested samples, ethyl acetate extract was found to demonstrate the highest inhibitory activity significantly against both acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase enzymes with IC50values of 176.02 and 143.78 mg/ml, respectively. Similarly, ethyl acetate extract exhibited the highest radical scavenging ability appeared to be comparable to the reference standard catechin used in this study. The IC50values of the extract against DPPH and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity were 12.67 and 18.61 mg/ml respectively. Quantitative analyses displayed higher contents of phenolics and flavonoids (79.55 and 347.19 mg gallic acid equivalent/g dried extract respectively) in the ethyl acetate fraction. The results revealed that the ethyl acetate extract, possibly due to its phenolic compounds, exerts potential antioxidant and cholinesterase inhibitory activities which may be useful in the treatment of AD.

This paper describes a method that extracts customer attitude toward their choices of web pages and commodities from their web search histories using neural network (NN) and canonical correlation analysis (CCA). Customers visit websites and leave behind valuable information about their behaviour. Customer behaviour analysis aims to ultimately improve business performance through an understanding of past and present search histories of customers so as to determine and identify attitude of customers. Online traders often want the interesting websites which are attractive to their customers. In order to do that, firstly, we generate the equal length patterns from the heterogeneous search patterns in order to facilitate the further analysis. Secondly, we apply an unsupervised competitive NN learning to cluster the customers. Thirdly, we apply a statistics CCA in order to extract the attitude and/or interest of the customers towards the web pages and commodities.

In the Reznitskaya transform combining the solutions of some general linear partial differential equations of hyperbolic type and parabolic type, isometrical identities and inversion formulas are established. Furthermore, stability of Lipschitz type in the determination of initial heat distribution is given as an application.

•Interrelationship of eco-physiological factors and biometric traits (BTs) of green mussel were investigated.•Length-weight dimensions were positively correlated with negative allometric relation .•BTs were not differentiated by the sex, rather influenced by the reproductive cycle.•BTs were intensively interlinked with seasonality and ecophysiological factors.

•Spawning performances of Labeo rohitawere significantly affected by maternal age and size.•Larval traits were significantly affected by feeding regime.•No interactive effect of larval feeding, maternal age and size on any larval traits was found.•Significant positive correlations among several eggs and larval traits were found, whereas no indication of trade-off was observed.