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(Abstracted from Int J Gynecol Cancer2023:ijgc-2023-004894The microbiome, the collective microbiota and their associated genetic material colonizing mucosal surfaces, produces compounds that impact immunologic response, cell proliferation and signaling, gene expression, and metabolism of nutrients and hormones. Alterations to the microbiota-host relationship are linked to diseases, including cancer.

Organizational commitment to a structured professional advancement model (PAM) is critical for advanced practice provider (APP) development to promote and reward excellence, enhance job satisfaction, and improve retention and recruitment. A PAM may also serve as a motivational tool for personal and professional growth by developing and promoting a professional, evidence-based, collaborative practice environment. A voluntary PAM was implemented at a large Midwestern academic medical center to recognize experienced APPs, including certified nurse practitioners, certified nurse-midwives, and physician assistants. This report describes the case for creating a PAM and implementation and evaluation.

The application of computer vision in transportation engineering has facilitated real-time traffic flow optimization, vehicle counting, anomaly detection, and ameliorated transportation safety. Most vision systems are, however, developed through a supervised learning process, which can be data hungry and costly because it requires manual annotation of objects from a variety of sources. The general rule of thumb for building accurate and transferrable vision models has been to increase the quality, diversity, and quantity of the annotated datasets used in model training. This paper presents a simple, yet efficient active learning framework that significantly reduces the number of annotations needed to build a state-of-the-art vehicle detection and classification model. To achieve this, we first leverage a vision transformer that generates embeddings rich with information needed to quantify the similarity and diversity between images in a two-dimensional embedding space. To select which images from the embedding space should be annotated, we propose a scoring and sampling strategy that minimizes class imbalance and model uncertainty through an iterative process. The latest iteration of the You Only Look Once (YOLO) model, YOLOv8, is used as the active learner. We compare the efficacy of our proposed active learning methods with models developed at much higher sampling rates using the mean average precision. The models developed were also integrated with tracking algorithms to evaluate differences in accuracy for vehicle counts and their practical implications for direction counts.

The Mental and Behavioral Health (MBH) Capacity Project had a mission shared among 4 states to support MBH sustainability along the Gulf Coast. Integration of mental health into undersourced primary health clinics was an important goal of the project. The findings from the collaborative evaluation demonstrate long-term outcomes including the following: community has greater capacity and sustainability for quality health care; better informed and connected communities; and individuals are more informed, connected, and resilient. Lessons learned indicate that improved population health outcomes are possible even in low-income, high-stress regions through intentional and collaborative efforts integrating MBH into primary cares settings.

Postoperative urinary retention (POUR) occurs frequently following hip replacement.

• We studied endothelial cell patterns in both the central and the superior regions of the cornea in 43 cases of cataract extraction and intraocular lens implantation. During the early postoperative period, the central endothelial cells maintained their preoperative appearance. The endothelium within 3 to 4 mm of the superior limbus, however, demonstrated large dark areas where no cell outlines were visible, bounded by large cells.During the late postoperative period, there was an increase in the size and a reduction in the density of the central endothelial cells. In the periphery the previously acellular areas were populated with cells of varying diameter.These changes are consistent with postoperative spreading and sliding of existing cells to cover the traumatized cell-free areas. Central endothelial cell density in the early postoperative period does not accurately reflect the actual degree of cell loss.

LONG term genetic analysis of lymphoblastoid cell lines provides a practical means of studying the types of spontaneous and induced mutation that can occur in human somatic cells1,2and of following the evolution of distinct populations of cells within a bulk culture3,4. Occasionally, data may be expected to emerge which facilitate the localisation of human structural genes. We now report the first such application of this technique.

HUMAN lymphoblastoid cell lines derived from the peripheral blood lymphocytes of healthy donors are commonly diploid when examined in the early months after establishment but acquire chromosome abnormalities on prolonged culture. Other lines, notably those derived from Burkitt's lymphoma tissue, may display chromosome aberrations from the outset1–5. A partial translocation 8q−14q+ has been demonstrated in the majority of Burkitt lymphoma-derived lines5,6and data on the karyotypes of some human tumours suggest that non-random gains and/or losses of chromosomes may be a feature, in particular, of certain leukaemias and lymphomas7–13. As the emergence of an aneuploid clone from a previously diploid lymphoblastoid line may be associated with other changes suggesting the development of a more ‘malignant’ phenotype14, it is relevant to compare the chromosome aberrations detected in such lines with the human tumour data. We have therefore undertaken a study of banded karyotypes of eighty EB virus-carrying human lymphoblastoid lines. The first stage of this analysis is concerned only with gains and losses of whole chromosomes or chromosome arms and the data presented here establish that, considering all the lines together, there have been nonrandom gains of five autosomes (numbers 3, 7, 8, 9 and 12) and of the sex chromosomes.

PERMANENT lymphoblastoid cell lines can be established by ‘transformation’ of human lymphocytes with EB virus1,2. The lines secrete immunoglobulin (Ig) in vitro3,4and represent, morphologically, an intermediate stage between the resting lymphocyte and the fully developed plasma cell5,6. It has been suggested that the EB virus stimulates inactive B lymphocytes to secrete immunoglobulin and that the virus is behaving, in this respect, like a polyclonal B cell mitogen. The evidence comes from observations that most (possibly all) human B lymphocytes carry surface receptors for EB virus8, that an increase in Ig secretion is detectable within a few days of adding the virus to a culture of lymphocytes7, and that in the early stages of growth, lymphoblastoid lines established in this way secrete multiple classes of Ig heavy and light chain4,9,10. It seems, however, that only a fraction of 1% of lymphocytes in an EB virus-infected culture respond either by Ig synthesis or by proliferation and furthermore that the two events occur simultaneously7,11,12. The possibility therefore remains that EB virus does not stimulate Ig synthesis de novobut selectively ‘transforms’ (that is, induces to proliferate) that minor population of B cells which has already begun to secrete Ig. This alternative is supported by our analysis of the major classes of Ig heavy and light chains secreted by lymphoblastoid cell lines (derived from peripheral blood lymphocytes) in relation to the age and clinical status of the donors.

ANTIBODY activity has not previously been detected in association with immunoglobulins synthesised spontaneously by human lymphoblastoid cell lines in vitro. One reviewer has commented “if some antibody activity was to be found, the established cell lines would be a fascinating tool for the study of homogenous antibodies”1. We here report such a finding.

Sodium amylosulfate was shown to be a useful anticoagulant additive for increased isolation of bacteria from clinical blood cultures.