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Twenty human adipose tissue samples which were gathered from different hospitals in Baghdad/Iraq were analyzed for thirteen different chlorinated pesticide using gas chromatography with electron capture detector (63Ni). Total concentration of all analyzed Organochlorine pesticides (OCP) in adipose tissue samples were 343.9±21.27 μg/kg. The p,p'-DDT concentrations were below the limit of detection however the p,p'-DDE levels were found the most abundant OCP in all analyzed samples with mean concentrations 83.86±3.87 μg/kg . The results of this study show that the concentrations of OCPs in human adipose tissues from Iraq were within the levels or lower than the values reported from other countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to investigate the impact of intellectual capital on innovation in telecommunication companies in Jordan, through the presence of knowledge management as a mediator. Data were collected using a self-administrated questionnaire from 498 employees working in three telecommunication companies in Jordan. Structural equation modelling approach based on AMOS 22.0 was used to examine the causal relationships and to test the hypotheses between the observed and latent constructs in the proposed research model. The results led to the confirmation of a mediation model as intellectual capital did not have a direct impact on innovation. The results revealed that intellectual capital did have a significant impact on knowledge management and the latter on innovation. In light of these findings, implications to both theory and practice are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One hundred and eighty human milk samples were collected in 2008, and one hundred samples were collected in 2012 from five districts in southern Jordan to monitor chlorinated pesticide residues. The results showed that total average residues of HCHs (α, β, γ) were relatively decreased in 2012, compared to those in 2008 in all five districts. The average residues of HCHs were 0.15 mg/kg in 2012, compared to 0.13 mg/kg milk fat in 2008. Total average of DDT residues were decreased slightly in 2012 in the five districts. The average residues were 0.28 mg/kg in 2008, compared to 0.26 mg/kg milk fat in 2012. The total average of cyclodien residues in the analyzed mother's milk samples were slightly decreased from 0.01 mg/kg in 2008 to 0.007 mg/kg in 2012 in the five districts. The most common pollutants found in the human milk in the southern districts of Jordan were HCB, α-HCH, β-HCH, pp'-DDE, but their residues were acceptable compared with other international countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several chlorinated pesticides are considered to be from the persistent organic pollutants (POPs). Since resi-dues of the POPs are considered to be from the main pol-lutants in the environment and particularly in human moth-ers' milk, the Ministry of Environment in Jordan asked The University of Jordan and the Royal Scientific Society for conducting studies to clarify the status and to establish a data base-line over the time, to assist in directing efforts in policy making. The four studies were carried out be-tween 1993 and 2003 indicated the decline of pesticides residues, particularly DDT and its metabolites in the mothers' milk samples gathered from different districts in Jordan due to banning from use of this persistent pesti-cide. Despite the decline of the DDT and other chlorin-ated pesticides, some other milk samples show high con-centration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To reveal the concentrations of environmental chemicals in mothers' milk residing in the vicinity of Marka old municipal landfill site with open combustion, 132 individual mother milk samples were analyzed for selected poly-chlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs). Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin (PCDD) and dibenzo furans (PCDFs) were determined for 10 pooled mother milk samples, and twelve milk samples were collected from nursing mothers in Amman for comparison purposes. All samples were extracted, cleaned-up, and analyzed with a gas chromatograph equipped with electron capture detector (63Ni) for PCBs and OCPs, and GCIMS for PCDDIFs. The results show the absence of PCDDIFs, 9.1% of the positive samples contained PCBs with an average concentration of 71 μg total PCBs per kg fat. PCB levels of almost all of the positive samples were higher than acceptable daily intake (ADI). All samples were found to contain total OCPs with an average concentration of 730 μg/kg fat. On the other hand, the nursing mothers living in Amman had 33.3% positive samples, with an average concentration of total PCBs of 61 μg/kg fat. No significant correlation between PCDDIFs, PCBs, and OCPs contamination and the existing old municipal landfill site with open combustion at Marka on the residence could be found. This is reasonable, because the main route of exposure to environmental chemicals in the human body is not through the respiratory system, but through the digestive system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]