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Atopic dermatitis is common among children of 0–5 years old. Treatment consists of emollients and topical corticosteroids. Due to corticophobia, however, adherence to topical corticosteroids is low. Our aim was to find factors that influence opinions about topical corticosteroids among parents of children with atopic dermatitis.

Postoperative urinary retention (POUR) is a common complication of ambulatory inguinal herniorraphy, with an incidence reaching 38 %, and many surgeons require patients to void before discharge. This study aimed to assess whether the implementation of a bladder scan-based voiding protocol reduces the time until discharge after ambulatory inguinal herniorraphy without increasing the rate of POUR.As part of a perioperative care pathway, a protocol was implemented to standardize decision making after elective inguinal hernia repair (February 2012). Patients were assessed with a bladder scan, and those with <600 mL of urine were discharged home, whereas those with more than 600 mL of urine had an in-and-out catheterization before discharge. The patients received written information about urinary symptoms and instructions to present to the emergency department if they were unable to void at home. An audit of scheduled outpatient inguinal hernia repairs between October 2011 and July 2012 was performed. Comparisons were made using the ttest, Fisher’s exact test, and Wilcoxon rank sum test where appropriate. Statistical significance was defined a priori as a pvalue lower than 0.05.During the study period, 124 patients underwent hernia repair: 60 before and 64 after implementation of the protocol. The findings showed no significant differences in patient characteristics, laparoscopic approach (35 vs. 33 %; p= 0.80), proportion receiving general anesthesia (70 vs. 73 %; p= 0.67), or amount of intravenous fluids given (793 vs. 663 mL; p= 0.07). The proportion of patients voiding before discharge was higher after protocol implementation (73 vs. 89 %; p= 0.02). The protocol had no impact on median time to discharge (190 vs. 205 min; p= 0.60). Only one patient in each group presented to the emergency department with POUR (2 %).After ambulatory inguinal herniorraphy, implementation of a bladder scan-based voiding protocol did not result in earlier discharge. The incidence of POUR was lower than reported in the literature.

Synopsis On the canals of an irrigation system situated in the Lower Danube Plain some failures have been observed in the form of cracks, settlement, and cavern formation, as well as the loss of large amounts of water. The soil strata under the organic topsoil consists of a fine, moist, silty sand, underlain by a fat, muddy clay, very fissured. Damage was often caused by the change in local moisture conditions and from the thinning or even removal of the top soil when canals were dug. Failures occurred as a consequence of the entrainment of fine sand by the irrigation water, which suddenly penetrated into the ground in large quantities, before entering the fissures of the underlying fat clay. Studies made of local conditions have established where such damage can occur.Recommendations for its prevention are given in the Conclusions. Les canaux d'un système d'irrigation situé dans la plaine du Bas-Danube ont subi de graves dégâts, tels que fissures, tassements, formation des cavernes, ainsi que des importantes pertes locales d'eau. La stratification présente, au-dessous du sol végéal, unecouche de sable fin, silteux, à faible humidité suivi par une argile limoneuse, très fissurée, douée d'une plasticité élevée. Les dégâts ont été favorisés par le changement des conditions locales d'humidité du sol et par l'amincissement ou même la disparition du sol végéal de l'éxecution des canaux. Ils ont été provoqués par l'entrainement du sable fin par l'eau d'irrigation, qui a pénetré en grandes quantités à travers le sol, arrivant ensuite dans les fissures de l'argile sous-jacente. Les études ont précisé les conditions dans lesquelles onteu lieu les dégâts, tenant compte de la situation locale, et ont établi quelques mesures pour les prévenir.