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In 2016, the International Network on Brief Interventions for Alcohol & Other Drugs convened a meeting titled “Rethinking alcohol interventions in health care”. The aims of the meeting were to synthesize recent evidence about screening and brief intervention and to set directions for research, practice, and policy in light of this evidence. Screening and brief intervention is efficacious in reducing self-reported alcohol consumption for some with unhealthy alcohol use, but there are gaps in evidence for its effectiveness. Because screening and brief intervention is not known to be efficacious for individuals with more severe unhealthy alcohol use, recent data showing the lack of evidence for referral to treatment as part of screening and brief intervention are alarming. While screening and brief intervention was designed to be a population-based approach, its reach is limited. Implementation in real world care also remains a challenge. This report summarizes practice, research, and policy recommendations and key research developments from our meeting. In order to move the field forward, a research agenda was proposed to (1) address evidence gaps in screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment, (2) develop innovations to address severe unhealthy alcohol use within primary care, (3) describe the stigma of unhealthy alcohol use, which obstructs progress in prevention and treatment, (4) reconsider existing conceptualizations of unhealthy alcohol use that may influence health care, and (5) identify efforts needed to improve the capacity for addressing unhealthy alcohol consumption in all world regions.

The Swedish National Institute of Public Health is responsible for monitoring alcohol and alcohol related problems in Sweden. Four categories of indicators have been developed and are followed. 1) Determinants of drinking, e.g. availability; these include business hours in the retail monopoly stores, number of licensed premises, and business hours. 2) Consumption indicators include alcohol sales at the retail monopoly stores in all municipalities as well as sales at licensed premises and beer sales at grocery shops and other stores. Estimates of unrecorded consumption is based on survey data. 3) Harms data include alcohol related mortality and morbidity and alcohol related crime. 4) Two indicators of prevention activity in the communities are being developed: the first is an organizational index based on the number of staff employed by the municipality to work with alcohol and drug prevention, existence of a current municipal alcohol and drug policy, number of licensed premises per 10,000 inhabitants, enforcement activity and organized cooperation with other agencies in the community, e.g. the police, NGO's, and local businesses. The second is an activity index which is based on the number of prevention activities conducted in the communities.

This article represents the proceedings of a symposium at the 2002 annual meeting of the Research Society on Alcoholism in San Francisco, CA, organized and cochaired by Mats Berglund and Sten Thelander. The presentations were (1) Preventive interventions against hazardous consumption of alcohol, by Mikko Salaspuro; (2) Treatment of alcohol withdrawal, by Johan Franck; (3) Psychosocial treatment for alcohol problems, by Sven Andréasson and Agneta Öjehagen; and (4) Pharmacological treatment of alcohol dependence, by Mats Berglund.

This paper describes the States and Commands used in the Java implementation of the dispatcher of the CHAMP model. CHAMP (Chalmers Architecture and Methodol­ogy for Flexible Production) is a reference architecture for control systems that has a structure that promotes flexibility. The Java implementation is intended to be used for a fully demonstration of the different concepts för flexibillity and fault handling. This has not been possible in the earlier implementations using special platforms. Some new ideas have arised from this work that have extended our CHAMP model.

This paper describes the Java implementation of the dispatcher of the CHAMP model. CHAMP (Chalmers Architecture and Methodology for Flexible Production) is a reference architecture for control systems that has a structure that promotes flexibility. The Java implementation is intended to be used for a fully demonstration of the different concepts for flexibility and fault handling. This has not been possible in the earlier implementations using special platforms. Some new ideas have arised from this work that have extended our CHAMP model.

This paper shows how the database model of the CHAMP control system architecture must be updated, at times after and at times before different actions in the system. The reason for this is to reach a safe state after a fault from which point the control system can make a restart. CHAMP is a control system architecture for manufacturing cells that enhances flexibility.

To promote flexibility of manufacturing systems a reference architecture, CHAMP, has been developed at Chalmers University of Technology. It uses object oriented principles and a database to model separate parts of a production system. Here, the resource models of the control system and the corresponding parts of the database are explored and described. It is emphasised on the interaction between the internal resource objects, where a generalised handshake protocol is proposed.

One very important aspect when designing modern manufacturing systems is flexibility, such as product flexibility, expansion flexibility and routing flexibility. This paper presents a reference architecture for control systems which has a structure that promotes flexibility. Since a control system is a highly information-intensive system it is very important that the information is stored in a suitable manner. One viable approach is to rely on a database system for the information storage. A database system has inherently a good separation between the structure of a design and the related data. This paper presents the conceptual information design of our generic control system and it is compared with a case study of an existing machining cell.

Databases are currently used in Real-Time Systems, that also have critical time constraints. This paper discusses two different cases. The first is a machining cell control system, while the second case is an administration system for mobile telephones.

This paper describes the database design for the operation lists for products in a machining cell. A general description of a graphical tool for entering such lists is also gi ven. Such a graphical tool is presently under implementation. Then it is shown how an operation list is transformed into the operational data for the production each time a product enters the machining cell

The association between level of alcohol consumption and admission for psychiatric care during a 15-year follow-up was studied in a cohort of 49,464 Swedish conscripts. The relative risk for psychiatric admission among high consumers of alcohol (more than 250 g alcohol per week) was 5.3 (95% confidence interval 4.7-6.0) compared with moderate consumers (1-100 g alcohol per week). After control for social background variables in a multivariate model, the odds ratio was 1.8 (1.5-2.1). Abstainers had the same rate of admission as moderate consumers. The association with alcohol was positive in all diagnostic categories studied. Neurotic depression was found to be a risk factor for admission for alco-holism, indicating that a causal association between alcohol and neurotic depression may go in both directions.

Modern society has become increasingly dependent on computers and computerized systems for a variety of applications. This increase in the use of computers has led to their introduction in areas that demand a very high degree of dependability, such as nuclear plant surveillance, railway control systems, banking systems, and processing for industrial and manufacturing systems. Many dependability taxonomies for computerized systems have been proposed over the years. This article describes a dependability taxonomy, and different aspects of the taxonomy, as seen from the viewpoint of a flexible manufacturing system, are related to corresponding dependability actions or approaches that can be taken by the system

Fault tolerance is especially important for computer systems that require a high degree of confidence. Computer Integrated Manufacturing (CIM) is an area where computer systems must not be disturbed by uncontrolled failures. This article deals with two problems that are related to fault tolerance and network partitions in automated manufacturing systems.

A randomised clinical trial was conducted in order to compare treatment results between Minnesota model treatment for alcohol abuse and outpatient treatment. The trial had to be discontinued due to problems in recruitment of subjects and a high rate of attrition among subjects allocated to Minnesota model treatment. In this paper the problems encountered during the trial are discussed. Different methods of recruitment of subjects to a randomised trial are compared.

The field of fault tolerance in computer science and engineering has been thoroughly investigated over a long period of time. A great number of different approaches have been presented on means for improving fault tolerance under certain error conditions in computerized systems. One important area that has introduced computers in order to enhance productivity, flexibility and economy, is manufacturing systems in order to acquire computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM). Using computers in a manufacturing system introduces new sources of difficulties, as well as providing new possibilities for overcoming erroneous situations that might disturb production. The aim of this paper, is to describe how the use of different configurations for a manufacturing system can improve fault tolerance. One specific erroneous situation which may occur in CIM is the partitioning of a network. This situation can be handled satisfactorily by using the suggested manufacturing system configurations. Additional improvements to fault tolerance can be achieved through the introduction of data buffers and material buffers, This approach is described in this paper.

Many studies report J‐ or U‐shaped curves in describing the association between level of alcohol consumption and mortality. J‐shaped curves may, however, be the result of complex associations between psychosocial and other confounding factors and health, rather than a simple causal association derived from the biological effects of alcohol. In this review, nine methodological issues are discussed: age and sex, causes of death, characteristics of abstainers, drinking pattern, smoking, diet, physical activity, social support and personality, and psychopathology.