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In the present study, highly porous 3D-Graphene nanosheets (3D-GNS) were synthesized using the Sacrificial Support Method (SSM) and utilized as a support for palladium (Pd) nanoparticles. The Pd nanoparticles were deposited using the original Pd-precursor based Soft Alcohol Reduction Method (SARM) with different alcohols. The obtained materials were comprehensively characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and scanning transmission electron microscopy (SEM). Chemically reduced Pd/3D-GNS catalysts were then studied for the electrochemical oxidation of ethanol and methanol in alkaline media. Our study shows that combination of SSM and SARM-EtOH fabrication process allowed obtaining materials with a smaller particle size distribution and a higher surface area (yielding better utilization of Pd), as well as the highest electrochemical activity and durability, with a peak current density of over 1100 A/gPd for ethanol electrooxidation.

A series of CuCo2O4 catalysts were synthesized by pore forming, sol-gel, spray pyrolysis and sacrificial support methods. Catalysts were characterized by XRD, SEM, XPS and BET techniques. The electrochemical activity for the oxygen reduction and oxygen evolution reactions (ORR and OER) was evaluated in alkaline media by RRDE. Density Functional Theory was used to identify two different types of active sites responsible for ORR/OER activity of CuCo2O4 and it was found that CuCo2O4 can activate the O-O bond by binding molecular oxygen in bridging positions between Co or Co and Cu atoms. It was found that the sacrificial support method (SSM) catalyst has the highest performance in both ORR and OER and has the highest content of phase-pure CuCo2O4. It was shown that the presence of CuO significantly decreases the activity in oxygen reduction and oxygen evolution reactions. The half-wave potential (E1/2) of CuCo2O4-SSM was found as 0.8 V, making this material a state-of-the-art, unsupported oxide catalyst.

A series of CuCo2O4catalysts were synthesized by pore forming, sol-gel, spray pyrolysis and sacrificial support methods. Catalysts were characterized by XRD, SEM, XPS and BET techniques. The electrochemical activity for the oxygen reduction and oxygen evolution reactions (ORR and OER) was evaluated in alkaline media by RRDE. Density Functional Theory was used to identify two different types of active sites responsible for ORR/OER activity of CuCo2O4and it was found that CuCo2O4can activate the O-O bond by binding molecular oxygen in bridging positions between Co or Co and Cu atoms. It was found that the sacrificial support method (SSM) catalyst has the highest performance in both ORR and OER and has the highest content of phase-pure CuCo2O4. It was shown that the presence of CuO significantly decreases the activity in oxygen reduction and oxygen evolution reactions. The half-wave potential (E1/2) of CuCo2O4-SSM was found as 0.8 V, making this material a state-of-the-art, unsupported oxide catalyst.

In the present study, highly porous 3D-Graphene nanosheets (3D-GNS) were synthesized using the Sacrificial Support Method (SSM) and utilized as a support for palladium (Pd) nanoparticles. The Pd nanoparticles were deposited using the original Pd-precursor based Soft Alcohol Reduction Method (SARM) with different alcohols. The obtained materials were comprehensively characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and scanning transmission electron microscopy (SEM). Chemically reduced Pd/3D-GNS catalysts were then studied for the electrochemical oxidation of ethanol and methanol in alkaline media. Our study shows that combination of SSM and SARM-EtOH fabrication process allowed obtaining materials with a smaller particle size distribution and a higher surface area (yielding better utilization of Pd), as well as the highest electrochemical activity and durability, with a peak current density of over 1100 A/gPdfor ethanol electrooxidation.