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Teaching complex instrumental analysis with real-life applications is vital for enhancing students’ understanding and cultivating their interest in learning. This study utilizes olive oil as a pedagogical medium, offering educational insights into the practical applications of ultraviolet (UV) spectrophotometry for assessing edible oil quality upon thermal treatment. Through a questionnaire survey involving 197 undergraduate participants, this work aims to deepen the understanding of UV absorption techniques with practical relevance. It evaluates participants’ comprehension and proficiency in UV spectrophotometry analysis and discusses improvements in pedagogical approaches for teaching knowledge related to light absorption.

To gain a deeper understanding of the ACE inhibition effect, the inhibitory effect of ACE-inhibiting peptide (ACEIP) FPPDVA’s digestive products on ACE was further investigated. Two novel peptides, PD (IC50= 161.1 ± 1.10 μM) and DV (IC50= 66.51 ± 0.99 μM) were identified in the digestive products of FPPDVA using LC–MS/MS. The Peptide Mix (FPPDVA, PD, and DV) exhibited a remarkable synergistic effect on ACE inhibition by significantly enhancing it by up to 508% compared to the individual peptides alone. Furthermore, theoretical simulations suggest that the Peptide Mix synergistically inhibits ACE activity by forming more stable complexes with the active site of ACE, facilitated by an increased number of hydrogen bonds. Additionally, Lineweaver–Burk plot analysis and spectroscopic studies further verified the presence of these stable complexes. ITC results show that the combination of Peptides Mix and ACE is a spontaneous exothermic process driven by entropy. The study showed that FPPDVA has a stronger inhibitory effect on ACE after digestion, making it suitable as an antihypertensive peptide in functional foods.

Despite the advancements in cancer therapy, delivering active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) using nanoparticles remains challenging due to the failed conveyance of the required drug payload, poor targeting ability, and poor biodistribution, hampering their clinical translation. Recently, the appropriate design of materials with intrinsic therapeutic functionalities has garnered enormous interest in the development of various intelligent therapeutic nanoplatforms. In this study, we demonstrate the fabrication of transition metal (molybdenum, Mo)-doped manganese dioxide (MnO2) nanoarchitectures, exhibiting diagnostic (magnetic resonance imaging, MRI) and therapeutic (chemodynamic therapy, CDT) functionalities. The facile hydrothermal approach-assisted Mo-doped MnO2flower-like nanostructures offered tailorable morphologies in altered dimensions, precise therapeutic effects, exceptional biocompatibility, and biodegradability in the tumor microenvironment. The resultant defects due to doped Mo species exhibited peroxidase and oxidase activities, improving glutathione (GSH) oxidation. The two sets of variable valence metal ion pairs (Mn2+/Mn4+and Mo5+/Mo6+) and their interplay could substantially improve the Fenton-like reaction and generate toxic hydroxyl radicals (•OH), thus achieving CDT-assisted antitumor effects. As inherent T1-MRI agents, these MnO2nanoparticles displayed excellent MRI efficacy in vitro. Together, we believe that these conformational Mo-doped MnO2nanoarchitectures with two pairs of variable valence states could potentiate drugless therapy in pharmaceutics.

Dynamic DNA nanodevices, particularly DNA walkers, have proven to be versatile tools for target recognition, signal conversion, and amplification in biosensing. However, their ability to detect low-abundance analytes in complex biological samples is often compromised by limited amplification depth and severe signal leakage. To address these challenges, we developed a simple yet highly efficient strategy to engineer a self-replicating bipedal DNAzyme (SEDY) walker for sensitive and selective electrochemiluminescence (ECL) bioanalysis. Unlike conventional DNA walkers that are typically constructed by catalytic DNA assembly in a single direction, the SEDY walker integrates a self-replicating feedback mechanism that greatly enhances both the selectivity and sensitivity of bioanalysis. First, the SEDY walker is assembled through a target-triggered, enzyme-free, self-replicating catalytic approach, minimizing the risk of undesired side reactions and signal leakage by simplifying reactant complexity. Furthermore, the SEDY walker features newly exposed trigger sequences that facilitate its autonomous replication, leading to a robust and exponential amplification of its products. Our experiments demonstrate that the SEDY walker can sensitively and selectively detect acetamiprid by navigating specific probes within cross-shaped DNA orbits. The ECL biosensor offers a linear detection range from 1 × 10–15M to 1 × 10–9M, with a limit of detection as low as 5.8 × 10–16M. We anticipate that the SEDY walker will be a powerful tool for detecting various analytes in biological applications.

Due to their radiation hardness and thermal resistance properties, silicon carbide (SiC) detectors have received much attention for neutron detection. To solve the problem of low detection efficiency in thin-film-coated planar neutron detectors, a $1\times 1$ cm microstructured neutron detector (MSND) based on 500- $\mu $ m high-purity semi-insulating (HPSI) 4H-SiC is fabricated. By utilizing inductively coupled plasma (ICP) etching technique, deep trenches are etched on the SiC wafer, with a trench depth of $\sim 51~\mu $ m and an aspect ratio $\ge 5$ . Nanoscale 6LiF powder, serving as the neutron conversion material, is dissolved in alcohol and filled into the trenches using a liquid centrifugation method. When the reverse bias voltage is up to −800 V, its dark current is lower than 6 nA. Experimental results show that the maximum value of the neutron detection efficiency is 3.28%. In the subsequent research, we will continue to optimize the deep etching process of SiC materials and the filling process of 6LiF powder, which should improve the detection efficiency further.

Despite numerous studies demonstrate that genetics and epigenetics factors play important roles on smoking behavior, our understanding of their functional relevance and coordinated regulation remains largely unknown. Here we present a multiomics study on smoking behavior for Chinese smoker population with the goal of not only identifying smoking-associated functional variants but also deciphering the pathogenesis and mechanism underlying smoking behavior in this under-studied ethnic population. After whole-genome sequencing analysis of 1329 Chinese Han male samples in discovery phase and OpenArray analysis of 3744 samples in replication phase, we discovered that three novel variants located near FOXP1(rs7635815), and between DGCR6and PRODH(rs796774020), and in ARVCF(rs148582811) were significantly associated with smoking behavior. Subsequently cis-mQTL and cis-eQTL analysis indicated that these variants correlated significantly with the differential methylation regions (DMRs) or differential expressed genes (DEGs) located in the regions where these variants present. Finally, our in silico multiomics analysis revealed several hub genes, like DRD2, PTPRD, FOXP1, COMT, CTNNAP2, to be synergistic regulated each other in the etiology of smoking.

Graphical Abstract:

Cadonilimab is a bispecific antibody targeting PD-1 and CTLA-4, which has shown substantial clinical benefits in advanced cervical cancer. In the COMPASSION-16 trial, we aimed to evaluate the addition of cadonilimab to first-line standard chemotherapy in persistent, recurrent, or metastatic cervical cancer.

Accurate and reliable detection of uracil-DNA glycosylase (UDG) activity is crucial for clinical diagnosis and prognosis assessment. However, current techniques for accurately monitoring UDG activity still face significant challenges due to the single input or output signal modes. Here, we develop a sequentially activated-dumbbell DNA nanodevice (SEAD) that enables precise and reliable evaluation of UDG activity through primer exchange reactions (PER)-based orthogonal signal output. The SEAD incorporates a double-hairpin structure with a stem containing two deoxyuridine (dU) sites for target recognition and two preblocked primer binding regions for target amplification and signal output. Upon UDG recognition of dU, the SEAD can be cleaved by apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1), generating two different hairpins with exposed primer binding regions. These hairpins serve as templates to initiate the parallel PER, enabling the extending of two different amplification products: a long single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) with repetitive sequences and a short ferrocene-labeled ssDNA with complementary sequences. These products further self-assemble into DNA nano-strings in an orthogonal manner that act as an electrochemiluminescence signal switch, enabling precise detection of low-abundance UDG. This work develops a sequential input and orthogonal output strategy for accurately monitoring UDG activity, highlighting the significant potential in cancer diagnosis and treatment.

Peptide materials, such as self-assembled peptide materials, are very important biomaterials. Driven by multiple interaction forces, peptide molecules can self-assemble into a variety of different macroscopic forms with different properties and functions. In recent years, the research on self-assembled peptides has made great progress from laboratory design to clinical application. This review focuses on the different morphologies, including nanoparticles, nanovesicles, nanotubes, nanofibers, and others, formed by self-assembled peptide. The mechanisms and applications of the morphology transformation are also discussed in this paper, and the future direction of self-assembled nanomaterials is envisioned.

There is an unmet need for second-line and third-line treatments that are effective and tolerable for advanced or metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with no driver mutations.

seco-pregnane C21steroids exhibit high antiviral activity against the tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). However, the structural modification of seco-pregnane C21steroids and the structure–activity relationship (SAR) of the modified compounds remain unevaluated. Hence, the present study investigated how variations in the original skeletons of natural seco-pregnane C21steroids affect their antiviral activity. A series of glaucogenin C and A derivatives were designed and synthesized for the first time, and their anti-TMV activity was evaluated. Bioassay results showed that most of the newly designed derivatives exhibited good to excellent antiviral activity; among these derivatives, 5g, 5j, and 5lwith higher antiviral activity than that of ningnanmycin emerged as new antiviral candidates. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting assay revealed reduced levels of TMV coat protein (TMV-CP) gene transcription and TMV-CP protein expression, which confirmed the antiviral activity of these derivatives. These compounds also downregulated the expression of NtHsp70-1and NtHsp70-061. Computational simulations indicated that 5ldisplayed strong van der Waals energy and electrostatic with the TMV coat protein, affording a lower binding energy (ΔGbind= −56.2 kcal/mol) compared with Ribavirin (ΔGbind= −47.6 kcal/mol). The SAR of these compounds was also evaluated, which demonstrated for the first time that substitutions at C-3 and double bonds of C-5/C-6 and C-13/C-18 are crucial for maintaining high anti-TMV activity.

In the pursuit of high-performance single-molecule magnets (SMMs), incorporating intramolecular magnetic coupling emerges as a pivotal strategy. Among these, d-f SMMs have garnered significant attention due to their remarkable versatility, which lies in their ability to tune coordination environments and facilely substitute metal centers. However, achieving performance-centric d-f SMMs through the synergistic interplay between highly anisotropic f ions and d-f magnetic interactions remains a formidable challenge. While mononuclear hexagonal bipyramidal (D6h) DyIIISMMs have been successfully isolated, the exploration of d-f SMMs featuring D6h-lanthanide metal centers remains uncharted territory. In this study, we employed planar bipodal ligands in conjunction with “staple-like” axial phenoxide ligands to synthesize the first hexagonal bipyramidal d-f SMM. Remarkably, this compound exhibits alternating-current magnetic susceptibilities peaking up to 68 K with an energy barrier surpassing 1,200 K, thus establishing a new benchmark within the heterometallic d-f SMM landscape inclusive of complexes with diamagnetic d metals and paramagnetic f ions. Notably, the ferromagnetic interaction at the d-f sites engenders oscillating relaxation times contingent on the magnetic field — a characteristic distinct from mononuclear SMMs. These findings shed light on a deliberate design approach for d-f SMMs, emphasizing the cooperative utilization of high-barrier lanthanide modules alongside d ions through magnetic interactions. This synergy significantly enhances and diversifies the magnetic dynamics of these intriguing molecular systems.

Male hypogonadism is not uncommon in people with HIV (PWH), with estimated prevalence ranging from 9% to 16%. Existing data are limited on the serum testosterone levels in PWH in Asian populations.

The directed electron transport channel design in semiconductors, which could promote charge utilization, is attractive but rarely reported. Hierarchical branched titanium dioxide (HB-TiO2), possessing a charge cascade transfer channel, was constructed by assembling titanium-defected TiO2nanobranches on oxygen-defected TiO2nanobelts. The interfacial Ti/O vacancies have been detected by X-ray photoelectron and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopies, and the vacancies act as the “bridge” of photogenerated carrier transport. This structure maintained high photoactivity in H2production in different mass fractions of NaCl solutions. The photocurrent density of the HB-TiO2photoanode in natural seawater is 3.9, 2.1, and 2.6 times that of oxygen-defected TiO2nanobelts, titanium-defected TiO2nanobranches, and their mixture, respectively. Besides, the charge transport mechanism from the inner lattice to the TiO2surface is proposed.

• Oxide scales are mainly composed of α-Al 2 O 3 and no obvious internal oxidation occurs in both solid and semi-solid intervals. • During solid oxidation, different scale formation kinetics occurs on various phases, which is caused by outward Al3+ diffusion rate difference in various component systems. • Increased degree of chaos and number of vacancies in liquid phase contribute to the rise of oxygen diffusion rate and flux, causing the oxidation corrosion around liquid phase region. • Oxidation resistance in semi-solid state attributes to dense Al 2 O 3 scales formed by selective oxidation of Al. In this work, possible short-term thermal exposure oxidation in hot processing including semi-solid processing is focused. We aim to investigate the short-term oxidation behavior of a novel powder metallurgy Al 0.8 Co 0.5 Cr 1.5 CuFeNi high entropy alloy (HEA) in high-temperature solid (1000–1100 °C) and semi-solid (1125–1225 °C) intervals. From 1000 to 1225 °C, mass gain increases from 0.31 to 0.45 mg cm–2 after 60 min oxidation, presenting superior oxidation resistance in the semi-solid state compared with other semi-solid alloys. Equiaxed α-Al 2 O 3 grains are the predominant component of oxide scales and no obvious internal oxidation layer occurs in both solid and semi-solid intervals. Al 2 O 3 scale growth is predominantly determined by outward Al3+ diffusion. For solid oxidation, different scale formation kinetics occur on various phases and the BCC(B2) phase has faster scale formation kinetics. This is attributed to outward Al3+ diffusion rate differences in various component systems. During semi-solid oxidation, the increased degree of chaos and number of vacancies in the liquid phase provide a diffusion channel, leading to rapid Al 2 O 3 formation. Oxidation resistance in the semi-solid state is attributed to dense Al 2 O 3 scales formed through selective oxidation of Al. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, low-dimensional organic–inorganic hybrid metal halides have garnered significant attention for optoelectronic applications due to their exceptional photophysical properties, despite their persistent challenge of low stability. Addressing this challenge, our study introduces 1-[5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]piperazinium (TFPP) as a cation, harvesting a novel one-dimensional hybrid cadmium-based halide semiconductor (TFPP)CdCl4, which exhibits intense blue-light emission upon UV excitation. Additionally, (TFPP)CdCl4demonstrates a high scintillation performance under X-ray excitation, producing 16600 ± 500 photons MeV–1and achieving a low detection limit of 0.891 μGyairs–1. Notably, (TFPP)CdCl4showcases remarkable stability against water, intense light sources, heating, and corrosive environments, positioning it as a promising candidate for optoelectronic applications. Through a blend of experimental techniques and theoretical analyses, including density functional theory calculations, we elucidate the unique photophysical properties and structural stability of (TFPP)CdCl4. These findings significantly contribute to the understanding of low-dimensional hybrid halide semiconductors, offering valuable insights into their potential application in advanced optoelectronic devices and paving the way for further research in this field.

Past epidemiological and experimental studies in rodents have demonstrated that chronic kidney disease (CKD) leads to cognitive impairment. However, the underlying mechanism requires further investigation. Herein, a mouse model of CKD was established using conventional 5/6 nephrectomy. We aimed to examine the relationship between CKD and cognitive impairment and elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Cognitive behavior was assessed using the Morris water maze, novel object recognition test, and fear conditioning test. Further experiments were also conducted to investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms. Our clinical data revealed a decrease in cognitive function among patients with CKD, accompanied by elevated plasma levels of pro‐inflammatory cytokines. A positive correlation between cytokine concentrations and serum creatinine levels, as well as a significant positive correlation with cognitive dysfunction, were observed. Correlation analyzes demonstrated that hippocampal cytokine levels were positively correlated with serum creatinine levels and cognitive dysfunction in CKD model mice. Furthermore, 20 mg/mL interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) significantly decreased HT22 cell activity in vitro. Further, HT22 cells treated with IL‐6 showed increased expression levels of toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4) and myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88), thereby inducing the nuclear factor kappa‐B p65 inflammatory pathway and mitochondria‐dependent apoptosis. The CKD mouse model showed increased expression of TLR4 and cytokines in the hippocampus. TLR4knockdown antagonized the IL‐6‐mediated pro‐inflammatory and pro‐apoptotic effects in HT22 cells. TLR4knockdown in the CKD model mice decreased hippocampal inflammation and increased the number of neuron dendrites, thus ameliorated cognitive impairment. These results suggest that IL‐6 triggers TLR4 activation to induce neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in CKD, ultimately culminate in cognitive impairment. Diagrammatic representation of the role of IL‐6/TLR4 between CKD and cognitive impairment. CKD patients suffer fromimpaired renal function, accompanied by inflammatory reactions in the body, and simultaneous increased levels of inflammatory factors in the brain, especially IL‐6. This triggers overactivation of the TLR4/MyD88 pathway, increasing the expression of p65 and CL‐Casp3, and thus promoting neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration leading to cognitive dysfunction. CKD, chronic kidney disease; IL, interleukin; TLR4, Toll‐like receptor 4. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) leads to cognitive impairment, with elevated levels of pro‐inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) playing a significant role.IL‐6 was shown to activate the toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4)/myeloid differentiation factor 88/nuclear factor kappa B inflammatory pathway, resulting in increased apoptosis and inflammation in neurons.TLR4knockdown in a CKD mouse model reduced neuroinflammation, and improved cognitive function. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) leads to cognitive impairment, with elevated levels of pro‐inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) playing a significant role. IL‐6 was shown to activate the toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4)/myeloid differentiation factor 88/nuclear factor kappa B inflammatory pathway, resulting in increased apoptosis and inflammation in neurons. TLR4knockdown in a CKD mouse model reduced neuroinflammation, and improved cognitive function.

Background: Hypokalemia has been associated with an increased risk of peritoneal dialysis (PD)-associated peritonitis. However, hypokalemia is commonly associated with malnutrition, inflammation, and severe coexisting comorbidities, which thus are suspected of being potential confounders. This study was aimed at testing whether hypokalemia was independently associated with the occurrence and prognosis of PD-associated peritonitis. Methods: A national-level dataset from the Peritoneal Dialysis Telemedicine-assisted Platform Cohort (PDTAP) Study was used to explore the independent association of serum potassium with PD-associated peritonitis. Unmatched and propensity score-adjusted multivariate competing risk models, as well as univariate competing risk models following 1:1 propensity score matching, were conducted to balance potential biases between patients with and without hypokalemia. The association between potassium levels prior to peritonitis and treatment failure due to peritonitis was also investigated. Results: During a median follow-up of 25.7 months in 7220 PD patients, there was a higher incidence of peritonitis in patients with serum potassium below 4.0 mmol/L compared to those with higher serum levels (677 [0.114/patient-year] vs. 914 [0.096/patient-year], P= 0.001). After adjusting for demographics, laboratory tests, residual renal function, and medication use, baseline potassium levels below 4.0 mmol/L were not linked to an increased risk of peritonitis, with a hazard ratio of 0.983 (95% CI 0.855–1.130, P= 0.810). This result remained consistent in both the propensity score adjusted multivariate competing risk regression (HR = 0.974, 95% CI 0.829–1.145, P= 0.750) and the univariate competing risk regression after 1:1 propensity score matching (Fine-Gray test, P= 0.218). The results were similar when analyzing patients with serum potassium level above or below 3.5 mmol/L. Lastly, hypokalemia before the occurrence of peritonitis was not independently associated with treatment failure. Conclusion: Hypokalemia was not found to be an independent risk factor for PD-associated peritonitis or treatment failure of peritonitis in China. Graphical abstract:

The squeeze casting method with local pressure compensation was proposed to form a flywheel housing component with a weight of 35 kg. The numerical simulation, microstructure observation and phase characterization were performed, and the influence of local pressure compensation on feeding of thick-wall position, microstructure and mechanical properties of the formed components were discussed. Results show that the molten metal keeps a good fluidity and the filling is complete during the filling process. Although the solidification at thick-wall positions of the mounting ports is slow, the local pressure compensation effectively realizes the local forced feeding, significantly eliminating the shrinkage cavity defects. In the microstructure of AlSi9Mg alloy, α-Al primarily consists of fragmented dendrites and rosette grains, while eutectic Si predominantly comprises needles and short rods. The impact of local pressure compensation on strength is relatively minimal, yet its influence on elongation is considerable. Following local pressure compensation, the average elongation at the compensated areas is 9.18%, which represents a 44.90% higher than that before compensation. The average tensile strength is 209.1 MPa, and the average yield strength is 100.6 MPa. The local pressure compensation can significantly reduce or even eliminate the internal defects in the 35 kg large-weight components formed by squeeze casting.

QR codes, near-field communication (NFC), and radio frequency identification (RFID) tags have been widely used for supply chain tracking purposes. By binding valuable physical goods with digital nonfungible tokens (NFTs) a physical NFT is created, preventing counterfeit products from penetrating the supply chain. However, QR codes, NFC, and RFID tags are not suitable for real-time monitoring, especially in long-distance tracking applications. As an alternative, long-range wide area network (LoRaWAN) nodes have gained widespread adoption in smart supply chains for their ability to facilitate long-distance monitoring and tracking while consuming low amounts of power. However, challenges to bind LoRaWAN nodes with NFTs exist in the areas of energy consumption and security. Therefore, this article proposes a secure authentication scheme for LoRaWAN nodes, binding them to on-chain NFTs for proof-of-authenticity purposes and LoRaWAN security enhancement. The scheme is compatible with existing LoRaWAN specifications, where microcontroller ID and additional computed information together with the sensor data, temperature in this case, are included as a payload of the uplink message. This scheme is developed using the SHA256 hash function and exclusive-OR operations. The proof of concept demonstrates that the scheme is fully supported by resource-constrained LoRaWAN nodes. The security of the proposed protocol has been analyzed and is proven to be secure from replay, man-in-the-middle, and cloning attacks. The performance of the scheme has been evaluated, and with a computation cost of 1.432 ms, a storage cost of 896-bit, and a gas consumption of 22 984, it shows to outperform other related works.

Currently approved targeted treatment for ROS1-rearranged non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has either inadequate intracranial activity or CNS-related toxicities. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of foritinib, a novel ALK and ROS1 inhibitor, in patients with advanced ROS1-rearranged NSCLC.

Non-targeted analysis (NTA) was conducted to identify semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) in a museum in China using the gas chromatography (GC)-Orbitrap-mass spectrometer (MS). Approximately 160 SVOCs were detected, of which 93 had not been reported in previous studies of museum environments. Many of the detected SVOCs were found to be associated with the chemical agents applied in conservation treatment and the materials used in furnishings. The results of hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) indicated a spatial variation of SVOCs in the indoor air in the museum, but there were no obvious temporal differences of SVOCs observed in indoor dust. Spearman’s correlation analysis showed that several classes of SVOCs were well correlated, suggesting their common sources. Fragrances and plasticizers were found to be the primary sources of SVOC pollution detected in the museum. Compared with compounds in outdoor air, indoor SVOCs had a lower level of unsaturation and more portions of chemically reduced compounds. This study is the first of its kind to comprehensively characterize SVOCs in a museum using an automated NTA approach with GC-Orbitrap-MS. The SVOCs identified in the current study are likely to be present in other similar museums; therefore, further examination of their potential impacts on cultural heritage artifacts, museum personnel, and visitors may be warranted.

This case demonstrated the possibility of using GATA3-positive circulating tumor cells (CTCs) to detect early-stage breast cancer (BrC).

Objective: This study aims to conduct an extensive analysis of autoimmune bullous diseases, particularly pemphigus vulgaris and bullous pemphigoid, in Shanghai, China, from 2016 to 2023. It seeks to understand the demographic profiles, comorbidities, mortality rates, risk factors, and socioeconomic impacts associated with autoimmune bullous disease. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was employed, enrolling 1,072 patients. Diagnostic measures included clinical manifestations, histopathology, direct immunofluorescence, and serologic tests. The study also involved a detailed socioeconomic analysis and evaluation of occupational risks. Results: The findings highlight a significant occupational risk in industries requiring enhanced safety measures, with a notable prevalence of autoimmune bullous disease among workers in these sectors. A considerable portion of the patients were from low-income backgrounds with limited literacy, indicating the economic burden of autoimmune bullous disease. A key discovery of the study is the potential pathological link between autoimmune bullous disease and interstitial lung disease. Conclusion: This research, one of the first comprehensive studies on autoimmune bullous disease in China, underscores the need for targeted healthcare strategies and further investigation into autoimmune bullous disease, particularly its relationship with interstitial lung disease.