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Nowadays, the extended usage of lithium/sodium ion batteries (LIBs/SIBs) encounters nerve-wracking issues, including a lack of suitable reservoirs and high thermal runaway hazards. Although using TiO2and Li4Ti5O12has been confirmed to be effective in improving battery safety, their low theoretical capacities inevitably cause damage to the electrochemical performance of the battery. Achieving win-win results has become an urgent necessity. This study designed a metal–organic framework (MOF)-derived in situ carbon-coated metal selenide (Ni–Se@G@C) as the anode. When the current density is 0.1–0.3 A g–1, the initial capacity of LIBs reaches 993.2 mAh g–1, which increases to 1478.9 mAh g–1after running 800 cycles. When running at 2 A g–1, the cell also offers a relatively high capacity of 458.3 mAh g–1after 1500 cycles. After the replacement of graphite with Ni–Se@G@C, the self-heating temperature (T0) and thermal runaway triggering temperature (T1) of half and full cells are significantly increased. Meanwhile, the maximum thermal runaway temperature (T2) and maximal heating release rate (HRRmax) are significantly reduced. Of note, the usage of Ni–Se@G@C enables the battery with superior cycling and rate performance. When used in SIBs, the cell gives an initial discharge capacity of 624.9 mAh g–1, which still remains at 269.4 mAh g–1after running 200 cycles at 1 A g–1. Notably, Eaof the Ni–Se@G@C cell is 5.6 times higher than that of the graphite cell, corroborating the promoted safety performance. This work provides a new paradigm for MOF-derived micro/nanostructures, enabling the battery with an excellent electrochemical and safety performance portfolio.

In the process of non-isothermal deformation of titanium alloy, the microstructure evolution is very complicated, which has direct effect on the properties of the titanium alloy. This study examines the effects of pure cooling and coupled deformation and cooling at the initial temperature of 940 °C and the cooling rate of 5,50 °C/s, and the strain rate of 0.1, 10s−1respectively, on the microstructure evolution of Ti–6Al-2.5Mo-1.5Cr-0.5Fe-0.3Si alloy (TC6) were investigated. The microstructure after cooling was characterised, and the mechanism of non-isothermal deformation on microstructure evolution and the mechanism of secondary αphase (αs) precipitation were revealed. The results show that the secondary αphase precipitates in large quantities after cooling to a certain temperature, and the secondary precipitated has an obvious inhibiting effect on the diffusion growth of the primary αphase (αp). Secondary αphases can be divided into lamellar and equiaxial types. When the temperature drops sharply, the fine secondary αphase can be precipitated directly from the βmatrix. Due to the large number of dislocations generated by the deformation, many small secondary αphases can be generated during the rapid cooling process. The orientation relationship between αphase and βmatrix is destroyed by the deformation, resulting in a weakening of the anisotropy, so that the secondary αphase remains equiaxial during the precipitation process.

Snake venom botrocetin facilitates von Willebrand factor (VWF) binding to platelet GPIbα and has been widely used for the diagnosis of von Willebrand disease and GPIb-related disorders. Botrocetin is also commonly employed for the development/characterization of antithrombotics targeting the GPIb-VWF axis.

Orthopedic and dental implantations under bacterial infection microenvironment face significant challenges in achieving high-quality bone-implant integration. Designing implant coatings that incorporate both immune defense and anti-inflammation is difficult in conventional single-functional coatings. We introduce a multifunctional nanointerface using a zinc finger-inspired peptide-metal-phenolic nanocoating, designed to enhance implant osseointegration under such conditions. Abaloparatide (ABL), a second-generation anabolic drug for treating osteoporosis, can be integrated into the design of a zinc-phenolic network constructed on the implant surface (ABL@ZnTA). Importantly, the phenolic-coordinated Zn2+ions in ABL@ZnTA can act as zinc finger motif to co-stabilize the configuration of ABL through multiple molecular interactions, enabling high bioactivity, high loading capacity (1.36 times), and long-term release (>7 days) of ABL. Our results showed that ABL@ZnTA can modulate macrophage polarization from the pro-inflammatory M1 towards the anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype, promoting immune osteogenesis with increased OCN, ALP, and SOD 1 expression. Furthermore, the ABL@ZnTA significantly reduces inflammatory fibrous tissue encapsulation and enhances the long-term stability of the implants,indicated by enhanced binding strength (6 times) and functional connectivity (1.5−3 times) in the rat bone defect model infected by S. aureus. Overall, our research offers a nano-enabled synergistic strategy that balances infection defense and osteogenesis promotion in orthopedic and dental implantations.

As a typical chromogenic probe, 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) has been widely applied in the field of visual detection due to its low toxicity and highly sensitive response. Due to the hydrophobic nature of TMB, encapsulating it into a hydrogel, which serves as an ideal matrix for wearable sensors, presents significant challenges that complicate the fabrication of visual wearable devices. Herein, the TMB probe and bimetallic MOF nanozymes are coencapsulated in a hydrogel patch for the fabrication of reusable visual sensors. Hydrophobic TMB is oxidized to hydrophilic ox-TMB by a bimetallic MOF (CuFe-MOF), allowing its diffusion into a hydrophilic agarose hydrogel patch, where it is reduced back to TMB. This process allows the coimmobilization and coencapsulation of CuFe-MOF and TMB within the hydrogel patch. Leveraging the color change between TMB and ox-TMB, as a proof-of-concept application, a reusable visual “On–Off–On” sensor is simply constructed and successfully applied to detect vitamin C in human sweat. Color changes can be quickly read by the naked eye or by smart devices without the need for external equipment. Meanwhile, based on the reversible conversion relationship between TMB and ox-TMB, a reusable sensor construction strategy is proposed. This approach not only facilitates the use of a TMB probe in hydrogel applications but also offers inspiration for the development of point-of-care testing equipment, demonstrating significant application potential.

The selective hydrogenation of carbon dioxide (CO2) to value-added chemicals, e.g., methanol, using green hydrogen retrieved from renewable resources is a promising approach for CO2emission reduction and carbon resource utilization. However, this process suffers from the competing side reaction of reverse water–gas shift (RWGS) and methanol decomposition, which often leads to a strong conversion-selectivity trade-off and thus a poor methanol yield. Here, we report that InOxcoating of PdCu bimetallic nanoparticles (NPs) to construct intimate InOx/Cu and InOx/PdIn dual interfaces enables the break of conversion-selectivity trade-off by achieving ∼80% methanol selectivity at ∼20% CO2conversion close to the thermodynamic limit, far superior to that of conventional metal catalysts with a single active metal/oxide interface. Comprehensive microscopic and spectroscopic characterization revealed that the InOx/PdIn interface favors the activation of CO2to formate, while the adjacent InOx/Cu interface readily converts formate intermediates to methoxy species in tandem, which thus cooperatively boosts methanol production. These findings of dual-interface synergies via oxide coating of bimetallic NPs open a new avenue to the design of active and selective catalysts for advanced catalysis.

During percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) operations, the surgeon is required to define the incision point on the patient’s back, align the needle to a preplanned path, and perform puncture operations afterward. The procedure is currently performed manually using ultrasound or fluoroscopy imaging for needle orientation, which, however, implies limited accuracy and low reproducibility. This work incorporates augmented reality (AR) visualization with an optical see-through head-mounted display (OST-HMD) and human–robot collaboration (HRC) framework to empower the surgeon’s task completion performance. In detail, eye-to-hand calibration, system registration, and hologram model registration are performed to realize visual guidance. A Cartesian impedance controller is used to guide the operator during the needle-puncture task execution. Experiments are conducted to verify the system performance compared with conventional manual puncture procedures and a 2D monitor-based visualization interface. The results showed that the proposed framework achieves the lowest median and standard deviation error of 3.17 ± 1.36 mm in translation and 1.2 ± .9° in orientation across all of the experimental groups, respectively. Furthermore, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration task load index (NASA-TLX) user evaluation results indicate that the proposed framework requires the lowest workload score of 42.5 ± 13.7 for task completion compared to other experimental setups. The proposed framework exhibits significant potential for clinical application in the PCNL task, as it enhances the surgeon’s perception capability, facilitates collision-free needle insertion path planning, and minimizes errors in task completion.

The polymer coating on the surface of traditional optical fiber would deform and melt at high temperature. Metal coating which could maintain its shape in a large temperature scale is one solution to this problem. In this work, we experimentally investigated the temperature sensing performances based on an aluminized panda polarization maintaining fiber (APPMF) and a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) in Sagnac loop in a large temperature scale. Modeling simulation of APPMF proved that its birefringence was influenced by temperature and it could be used as the temperature-sensing probe in an SI. FBG was used to mark the dip wavelength in SI when the movement of dip wavelength exceeded a free spectral range (FSR). Experimental results showed that the maximum sensitivity reached 0.818 nm/°C for a 12 cm long APPMF, while increased to 1.011 nm/°C as the length of APPMF decreased to 2 cm. The aluminum coating enhanced the ductility of the fiber and made the fiber suitable for high-temperature measurement. The proposed APPMF also experienced a degradation because of germanium diffusion in fiber core very high temperature which made the sensor suitable for very high temperature sensing in a short time. This work provides a useful attempt for exploring high-temperature fiber interferometric sensing.

The rational design of efficient heterogeneous catalysts for Friedel-Crafts acylation reactions is highly desirable for meeting the need for the industrial production of various aromatic ketone compounds and biomass-derived chemicals. Herein, we reported that graphitic carbon wrapped FeCo bimetallic nanoparticles confined in nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes, which were prepared by pyrolysis of FeCo-based Prussian blue analogue and melamine viaa two-stage programmed heating procedure, exhibited excellent catalytic activity and recyclability for the acylation of aromatic compounds with acyl chlorides. The oxidized bimetallic species embedded in the external graphitic carbon shell should be the main active sites for the acylation reaction. The graphitic carbon shell and the carbon nanotube could provide effective protection on the active metal species against leaching through multiple interactions, leading to the formation of a highly active and durable heterogeneous catalyst for the acylation reaction.

Ni, Co-induced highly distributed NiCoP nanoparticles embedded nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes (NCNTs) (NiCo/NiCoP-NCNTs) were directly synthesized by a one-step phosphorization and carbonization process. As a bifunctional electrocatalyst for water splitting, NiCo/NiCoP NCNTs show impressive catalytic performance with an overpotential of only 206 mV for the hydrogen evolution reaction and 360 mV for the oxygen evolution reaction in 0.5 mol/L H2SO4and 1 mol/L KOH solutions, respectively. In addition, NiCo/NiCoP NCNTs maintain a stable cell voltage of 1.68 V at 10 mA/cm2with only a 10% decrease in current density over 48 h, showing remarkable stability. The improved catalytic activity can be attributed to the integration of NiCoP nanoparticles and the synergies between NCNTs and NiCo alloy. Additionally, the improved electrocatalytic performance can be attributed to the increased electrochemically active surface area and the reduced electron transfer resistance of the NiCo/NiCoP-NCNTs. Overall, the NiCo/NiCoP-NCNTs demonstrated significant performance for advanced water electrolysis applications.

The development of sixth-generation (6G) wireless communication systems brings significant challenges in channel modeling. Conducting channel measurements for 6G communications is highly expensive and cannot cover all scenarios and frequency bands. Moreover, existing conventional channel models fail to accurately predict channel characteristics in unknown frequency band. As a result, predictive channel modeling has emerged as a promising solution for addressing these challenges in 6G channel modeling. In this study, we propose a frequency domain predictive channel model that combines an autoencoder with a coupling Convolution Gated Recurrent Unit (Conv-GRU) cells. The proposed model aims to predict channel characteristics in unknown frequency bands. The proposed predictive channel model is validated by using data collected from multiple frequency bands channel measurements. To evaluate its performance, several commonly used prediction networks, i.e., a general LSTM network, a GRU-based predictive network, and a Conv-LSTM-based predictive network, are conducted as benchmarks for comparison. Based on evaluation results, our proposed predictive channel model achieves the highest level of accuracy in predicting channels. Additionally, we provide a performance bound for extrapolation predictability using a Ray Tracing simulator.

Drug resistance in multiple myeloma (MM) poses a significant challenge to treatment efficacy, primarily attributed to P-glycoprotein (P-gp) dysfunction. This study delves into the elusive spatial organization of P-gp, aiming to enhance our understanding of its role in MM drug resistance by exploring the intricate relationship between molecular function and spatial arrangement. Employing super-resolution imaging of P-gp with the inhibitor probe Tariquidar-TAMR labeling on MM cell membranes, the research uncovered a more pronounced clustering distribution of P-gp in drug-resistant cells (MM1R) compared to drug-sensitive counterparts (MM1S). Further exploration revealed the clustering distribution of P-gp was heightened as cellular drug resistance increased in hypoxic condition, directly emphasizing the strong correlation between P-gp cluster morphology and drug resistance. Additionally, stable P-gp cluster formation was influenced by cross-linking of membrane carbohydrates, and disrupting these glycoprotein clusters could reduce cellular drug resistance, suggesting that altering distribution patterns of P-gp can modulate drug responsiveness. Finally, dexamethasone (Dex) treatment was revealed to enhance P-gp clustering distribution, particularly in MM1S cells, indicating that change degree in P-gp distribution correlate with the modifiable space of cellular drug responsiveness. This study provides insights into the correlation between P-gp assembly and cellular drug responsiveness, deepening our understanding of functional changes in MM drug resistance and offering valuable perspectives for overcoming this challenge.

Oxygen reduction reaction is crucial for the development of intermediate/low-temperature solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs), thus the development of cathode materials with high catalytic activity and stability is still a great challenge for the commercialization of SOFC. In this study, a series of La1–xPrxCo0.5Ni0.5O3−δ(x= 0.5, 0.75, and 1.0) perovskite oxides were prepared as oxygen reduction reaction catalysts for SOFC. First, the polycrystalline powders were synthesized by a Pechini method, and the crystal structure was confirmed as orthorhombic symmetry with Pbnm(No. 62) space group. Second, it was found that PrCo0.5Ni0.5O3−δ(PCN) presents the best electrochemical performance among the three compounds. The polarization impedance of PCN was 0.0383 Ω cm2and the peak power density reached 1.47 W cm2using wetted hydrogen as fuel and air as the oxidant measured at 850 °C. Meanwhile, the single cell with PCN as the cathode could stably work for 100 h at 750 °C without damping. Finally, combined with the first-principles calculations, it was revealed that the doping of Pr ion can effectively reduce oxygen vacancy formation energy and mainly changed the valence states of Co and Ni ions at B-site. Therefore, PCN is expected to be a promising cathode material for SOFC.

The bulk photovoltaic effect (BPVE) offers an interesting approach to generate a steady photocurrent in a single-phase material under homogeneous illumination, and it has been extensively investigated in ferroelectrics exhibiting spontaneous polarization that breaks inversion symmetry. Flexoelectricity breaks inversion symmetry via a strain gradient in the otherwise nonpolar materials, enabling manipulation of ferroelectric order without an electric field. Combining these two effects, we demonstrate active mechanical control of BPVE in suspended 2-dimensional CuInP2S6(CIPS) that is ferroelectric yet sensitive to electric field, which enables practical photodetection with an order of magnitude enhancement in performance. The suspended CIPS exhibits a 20-fold increase in photocurrent, which can be continuously modulated by either mechanical force or light polarization. The flexoelectrically engineered photodetection device, activated by air pressure and without any optimization, possesses a responsivity of 2.45 × 10–2A/W and a detectivity of 1.73 × 1011jones, which are superior to those of ferroelectric-based photodetection and comparable to those of the commercial Si photodiode.

The exploration of pharmaceutically active agents and positron emission tomography (PET) tracers targeting CXCR4 has been a focal point in cancer research given its pivotal role in the development and progression of various cancers. While significant strides have been made in PET imaging with radiometal-labeled tracers, the landscape of 18F-labeled small molecule tracers remains relatively limited. Herein, we introduce a novel and promising derivative, [18F]SFB-AMD3465, as a targeted PET tracer for CXCR4. The compound was synthesized by modifying the pyridine ring of AMD3465, which was subsequently labeled with 18F using [18F]SFB. The study provides comprehensive insights into the design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of [18F]SFB-AMD3465. In vitroand in vivoassessments demonstrated the CXCR4-dependent, specific, and sensitive uptake of [18F]SFB-AMD3465 in the CXCR4-overexpressing 4T1 cell line and the corresponding xenograft-bearing mouse model. These findings contribute to bridging the gap in 18F-labeled PET tracers for CXCR4 and underscore the potential of [18F]SFB-AMD3465 as a PET radiotracer for in vivoCXCR4 imaging.

Protein tyrosine kinase-7 (PTK7) has been reported as a vital participant in the Wnt signaling pathway, influencing tumorigenesis and metastasis. However, their specific roles in the mechanisms underlying cancer development and progression remain elusive. Here, using direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (dSTORM) with aptamer-probe labeling, we first revealed that a weakening clustering distribution of PTK7 on the basal membranes happened as cellular migration increased during cancer progression. This correspondence was further supported by a diminished aggregated state of PTK7 caused by direct enhancement of cell migration. By comparing the alterations in PTK7 distribution with activation or inhibition of specific Wnt signaling pathway, we speculated that PTK7 could modulate cell migration by participating in the interplay between canonical Wnt (in MCF7 cells) and noncanonical Wnt signals (in MDA-MB-231 cells). Furthermore, we discovered that the spatial distribution morphology of PTK7 was also subject to the hydrolysis ability and activation state of the related hydrolase Matrix metallopeptidase14 (MMP14). This function-related specific assembly of PTK7 reveals a clear relationship between PTK7 and cancer. Meanwhile, potential molecular interactions predicted by the apparent assembly morphology can promote a deep understanding of the functional mechanism of PTK7 in cancer progress.

Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) offer several benefits, including cost-efficiency and fast-charging characteristics, positioning them as attractive substitutes for lithium-ion batteries in energy storage applications. However, the inferior capacity and cycling stability of electrodes in SIBs necessitate further enhancement due to sluggish reaction kinetics. In this respect, the utilization of heterostructures, which can provide an inherent electric field and abundant active sites on the surface, has emerged as a promising strategy for augmenting the cycling stability and rate features of the electrodes. This work delves into the utilization of V1.13Se2/V2O3heterostructure materials as anodes, initially fabricated via a simplified one-step solid-state sintering technique. The high pseudocapacitance and low characteristic relaxation time constant give the V1.13Se2/V2O3heterostructure impressive properties, such as a high capacity of 328.5 mAh g–1even after 1500 cycles at a high current density of 2 A g–1and rate capability of 278.9 mAh g–1at 5 A g–1. Moreover, the assembled sodium-ion full battery delivers a capacity of 118.5 mAh g–1after 1000 cycles at 1 A g–1. These findings provide novel insight and guidance for the rapid synthesis of heterojunction materials and the advancement of SIBs.

In recent years, unmanned ground vehicles (UGVs) have been used to search for lost or stolen radioactive sources to avoid radiation exposure for operators. To achieve autonomous localization of radioactive sources, the UGVs must have the ability to automatically determine the next radiation measurement location instead of following a predefined path. Also, the radiation field of radioactive sources has to be reconstructed or inverted utilizing discrete measurements to obtain the radiation intensity distribution in the area of interest. In this study, we propose an effective source localization framework and method, in which UGVs are able to autonomously explore in the radiation area to determine the location of radioactive sources through an iterative process: path planning, radiation field reconstruction and estimation of source location. In the search process, the next radiation measurement point of the UGVs is fully predicted by the design path planning algorithm. After obtaining the measurement points and their radiation measurements, the radiation field of radioactive sources is reconstructed by the Gaussian process regression (GPR) model based on machine learning method. Based on the reconstructed radiation field, the locations of radioactive sources can be determined by the peak analysis method. The proposed method is verified through extensive simulation experiments, and the real source localization experiment on a Cs-137 point source shows that the proposed method can accurately locate the radioactive source with an error of approximately 0.30 m. The experimental results reveal the important practicality of our proposed method for source autonomous localization tasks.

Biobased-functionalized metal–organic frameworks (Bio-FUN-MOFs) stand out from the crowd of candidates in the flame-retardant field due to their multipathway flame-retardant mechanisms and green synthesis processes. However, exploring and designing Bio-FUN-MOFs tend to counteract the problem of compromising the flame-retardant advantages of MOFs themselves, which inevitably results in a waste of resources. Herein, a strategy in which MOFs are ecologically regulated through acid–base balance is presented for controllable preparation of Bio-FUN-MOFs by two birds with one stone, i.e., higher flame-retardant element loading and retention of more MOF structures. Specifically, the buffer layer is created on the periphery of ZIF-67 by weak etching of biobased alkali arginine to resist the excessive etching of ZIF-67 by phytic acid when loading phosphorus source and to preserve the integrity of internal crystals as much as possible. As a proof of concept, ZIF-67 was almost completely etched out by phytic acid in the absence of arginine. The arginine and phytic acid-functionalized ZIF-67 with yolk@shell structure (ZIF@Arg–Co–PA) obtained by this strategy, as a biobased flame retardant, reduces fire hazards for polyurea composites. At only 5 wt % loading, ZIF@Arg–Co–PA imparted polyurea composites with a limiting oxygen index of 23.2%, and the peaks of heat release rate, total heat release, and total smoke production were reduced by 43.8, 32.3, and 34.3%, respectively, compared to neat polyurea. Additionally, the prepared polyurea composites have acceptable mechanical properties. This work will shed light on the advanced structural design of polymer composites with excellent fire safety, especially environmentally friendly and efficient biobased MOF flame retardants.

Novel (Cr,V)-ZrSiO4jewel green pigments with near-infrared reflection performance were prepared at a low temperature of 900°C. Effects of Cr/Si mole ratio on phase composition, microstructure, Vis–NIR reflection performance, optical properties and thermal stability were studied. The results show that with the increase of Cr/Si mole ratio from 0 to 0.4, the color of the pigment changes from blue to jewel green and then to dark green. When the Cr/Si mole ratio is 0.2, the (Cr,V)-ZrSiO4jewel green pigment shows the best comprehensive properties, which has rendering performance (L*=56.69, a*=−18.52, b*=−9.28), thermal stability, and near-infrared reflection performance. The properties especially excellent near-infrared reflection performance make it promising functional pigment in heat insulation.

This study assessed the effect of standardized efficacy markers on prognosis in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (MM) during the induction phase of treatment with bortezomib, cyclophosphamide, and dexamethasone (BCD). We retrospectively analyzed clinical data in 197 newly diagnosed MM patients treated with BCD as front‐line regimen at Peking Union Medical College Hospital from January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2018. There were 107 patients with International Staging System (ISS) III and 51 with paraprotein of light chain. Of these, 77 completed nine cycles of the BCD regimen. As the number of treatment cycles increased, the proportions of serum and urine immunofixation electrophoresis (IFE) tests elevated from 40.39% to 62.22% and 16.75% to 37.78%, respectively. More than 90% of intact immunoglobulin chain MM patients were evaluated for blood M protein per cycle, but that of urinary M protein was less than 60%. The detection rate of urinary M protein in light chain MM was more than 70% per cycle. Patients with a very good partial response (VGPR) had longer progression‐free survival (PFS) than those with uncertain VGPR (32 vs. 26 months, p= 0.0336). Of the 141 patients who completed at least four cycles without undergoing autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, those who were regularly assessed at every other cycle showed more favorable PFS than those who visited irregularly (27 vs. 22 months, p= 0.059). Urinary M protein detection rate is significantly lower than that in serum, leading to an overestimation of efficacy, premature reduction of treatment intensity, and shortened PFS. Precise response assessments are critical to treatment decisions and clinical diagnoses. Progression‐free survival of patients achieving a very good partial response (VGPR) and uncertain very good partial response (uVGPR) with missing urine tests. This study evaluates the efficacy of paraprotein tests in assessing the prognosis of multiple myeloma patients treated with bortezomib, cyclophosphamide, and dexamethasone.Low detection rate of urinary M protein leading to an overestimation of efficacy, premature reduction of treatment intensity, and shortened progression‐free survival.Precise response assessments are critical to treatment decisions and clinical outcome. This study evaluates the efficacy of paraprotein tests in assessing the prognosis of multiple myeloma patients treated with bortezomib, cyclophosphamide, and dexamethasone. Low detection rate of urinary M protein leading to an overestimation of efficacy, premature reduction of treatment intensity, and shortened progression‐free survival. Precise response assessments are critical to treatment decisions and clinical outcome.