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Anemia is common in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction and is associated with poor clinical outcomes. Renin-angiotensin system blockers lower hemoglobin and may induce anemia.

The internet has become one of the main sources of news spread as it unleashed the information dissemination space, where the news websites express opinions on entities while also reporting on recent or unusual security risks. Recently, many research studies have focused on sentimental reflection on the views and impressions of people utilising natural language processing and analytical linguistics. Therefore, we have collected corpus from popular Arabic websites that publish articles related to recent security issues, and we provide light weight preprocessing techniques where data is term matrix is transformed. We also present an intensive lexical‐driven data analysis with visualised data views, as our topic modelling technique can effectively extract significant topics from all the collected text from different websites. Our experiments validate the k‐means clustering algorithm with and without the latent Dirichlet allocation topic modelling method, and we adopted various validation techniques to measure the topic clustering internally and externally. As shown in the experiments' results, our proposed combined method has a high round index rate of 87.2%, with a large number of topics and clusters.

Artificial insemination protocols depend on efficient behavioral estrus detection and insemination time in dairy goats. Here we examined the effects of two synchronization protocols, prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α; protocol 1) and PGF2 plus gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH; protocol 2) on estrus behavior, body temperature, pulse frequency, pregnancy protein B (PPB) concentrations, and pregnancy rates in Alpine and Saanen goats. Forty does (3.9 ± 0.28 year) were divided into two groups (20 each) with 10 Alpine and 10 Saanen females in each group. In protocol 1 goats were injected with 10 mg/goat PGF2α on day 0 and 11. In protocol 2, each goat was injected with 10 mg PGF2α on day 0, and 43 µg GnRH on day 9 and then 10 mg PGF2 α on day 11. Estrus signs were detected 24 to 36 hours after the second dose of PGF2α. Body temperature and pulse frequency were recorded on days 11, 12, 13, and 14 after the second dose of PGF2α. Goats that showed estrus signs were naturally bred with the same breed mature buck. Blood samples were collected on days 28, 35, and 42 post-breeding (PB) to assess PPB concentrations, and ultrasonography was performed on day 50 (PB) to confirm pregnancy. The percentage of female showed estrous was higher in protocol 1 than in 2 (70% vs. 60%). Irrespective of the breed, rectal and vulval temperature was higher in the protocol 2 than 1 at day 11 after PGF2 α injection; however, it was the opposite at days 12, 13, and 14. However, the pulse frequency was greater (P <0.05) in protocol 2 at all the time point. Pregnancy rates were 71.4% and 75.0% for protocols 1 and 2, respectively. Irrespective to the synchronization protocols, the pregnancy rates were greater (P <0.05) in Alpine than Saanen goats. In conclusion, both PGF2 and PGF2-GnRH protocols were effective in synchronizing estrus in Alpine and Saanen goats, with minor differences in estrus response rates and pregnancy outcomes. Breed-specific variations were observed within the protocols, indicating a potential influence of breed on the efficacy of estrous synchronization. This study contributes valuable insights to goat breeding programs and promotes more efficient and sustainable livestock management practices.

Infertility is a significant issue in the livestock industry. Parasitic infestation is a significant cause of infertility in small ruminants. Sericea Lespedeza(SL) and Black seed meals (BSM) have been reported to improve sperm quality and fertility in rodents; however, little is known about their effects on livestock. Our aim was to evaluate the effects of feeding male goats with SL and BSM on their sperm quality and fertility. We conducted an 8-week pen study involving 60 mature, intact Spanish bucks divided into four groups. The animals were randomly assigned to four groups and fed diets of 60% pellets and 40% concentrate. The treatment groups were SL (n = 15), SL+ BSM (n = 15), alpha-alpha with deworming (n = 15), and alpha-alpha without deworming (naturally parasitized n = 15). At the end of the trial, scrotum circumferences (SC) were measured, and the animals were transported to a processing facility for slaughter. Testicles and epididymides were collected after slaughter for measuring their weights and lengths. Epididymal spermatozoa were retrieved and evaluated for their motility, concentration, viability, abnormalities, and membrane integrities. No significant differences were observed in SC and sperm motility between the 4 groups (ranged 56.7% to 67.3%). However, sperm cell concentrations, viable sperm, and the percentage of sperm with intact acrosome were greater (P <0.05) in SL and SL+BSM groups than in the other 2 groups. Furthermore, the sperm abnormalities were less (P <0.05) in SL and SL+BSM groups. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with SL and BSM significantly improved sperm viability and reduced sperm abnormalities in goats. This study assures the potential benefits of SL and BSM on the fertility of male goats.

Attenuation of transforming growth factor β by blocking angiotensin II has been shown to reduce emphysema in a murine model. General population studies have demonstrated that the use of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEis) and angiotensin-receptor blockers (ARBs) is associated with reduction of emphysema progression in former smokers and that the use of ACEis is associated with reduction of FEV1progression in current smokers.

A one-step synthesis of cytotoxic 2-aroylpyrimidines by the denitrogenative reaction of 1-tosyl-1,2,3-triazoles with isoxazoles under rhodium catalysis has been developed. According to the density functional theory calculations and control experiments, the disclosed reaction proceeds via the rearrangement of an oxadiazatetraene intermediate involving a cascade of intramolecular aza-Diels–Alder and retro-aza-Diels–Alder reactions. The presence of a substituent at C4 of the isoxazole is a prerequisite for the formation of the pyrimidines.

Smokers manifest varied phenotypes of pulmonary impairment.

In this paper, we show how to approximate the solution to the generalized time-fractional Huxley-Burgers’ equation by a numerical method based on the cubic B-spline collocation method and the mean value theorem for integrals. We use the mean value theorem for integrals to replace the time-fractional derivative with a suitable approximation. The approximate solution is constructed by the cubic B-spline. The stability of the proposed method is discussed by applying the von Neumann technique. The proposed method is shown to be conditionally stable. Several numerical examples are introduced to show the efficiency and accuracy of the method.

This study sought to evaluate the frequency and prognostic implications of urgent heart failure (HF) visits in a large global clinical trial of HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF).

COPD is a heterogeneous syndrome. Many COPD subtypes have been proposed, but there is not yet consensus on how many COPD subtypes there are and how they should be defined. The COPD Genetic Epidemiology Study (COPDGene), which has generated 10-year longitudinal chest imaging, spirometry, and molecular data, is a rich resource for relating COPD phenotypes to underlying genetic and molecular mechanisms. In this article, we place COPDGene clustering studies in context with other highly cited COPD clustering studies, and summarize the main COPD subtype findings from COPDGene. First, most manifestations of COPD occur along a continuum, which explains why continuous aspects of COPD or disease axes may be more accurate and reproducible than subtypes identified through clustering methods. Second, continuous COPD-related measures can be used to create subgroups through the use of predictive models to define cut-points, and we review COPDGene research on blood eosinophil count thresholds as a specific example. Third, COPD phenotypes identified or prioritized through machine learning methods have led to novel biological discoveries, including novel emphysema genetic risk variants and systemic inflammatory subtypes of COPD. Fourth, trajectory-based COPD subtyping captures differences in the longitudinal evolution of COPD, addressing a major limitation of clustering analyses that are confounded by disease severity. Ongoing longitudinal characterization of subjects in COPDGene will provide useful insights about the relationship between lung imaging parameters, molecular markers, and COPD progression that will enable the identification of subtypes based on underlying disease processes and distinct patterns of disease progression, with the potential to improve the clinical relevance and reproducibility of COPD subtypes.

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text.

The use of artificial insemination (AI) in cattle can increase farm profitability by increasing the genetic merit of offspring, but animal body condition (fatness) and stage of production can influence breeding efficacy. Therefore, during an on-farm AI session, the effect of body condition score and production status (nursing offspring or not) on indicators of estrus (readiness for breeding) was examined. Thirty-six cows 3 to 12 years of age and having previously had at least one calf were used. Cows were estrus synchronized by the owners using the Co-Synch with CIDR fixed time AI protocol (GnRH and CIDR on day 0 followed by CIDR removal and prostaglandin on day 7 with AI and GnRH on day 10). At AI using cryopreserved semen from a commercial source (Premier Select Sires), body condition score was assessed (1-9; 1 = emaciated, 9 = obese), and indicators of estrus (presence of mucous, pink color of vulva, turgid and open cervix and easy insemination) were noted. On this farm, body condition scores for the animals the producer chose to estrus synchronize ranged from 3 to 5. Animals were nursing calves 3 to 5 months of age (n = 15) or were not nursing calves (n = 21). Statistical analysis (with SAS) indicated that nursing negatively impacted body condition as well as number of estrus indicators noted at AI and that body condition tended to be positively related to the number of estrus indicators noted.

This study sought to describe baseline health-related quality of life (HRQL) in the PARAGON-HF (Prospective Comparison of ARNI with ARB Global Outcomes in HFpEF) trial, the largest heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) trial to date.

Chronic bronchitis (CB) increases risk of COPD exacerbations. We have shown that the St. George’s Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) CB definition identifies patients with a similar clinical phenotype as classically defined CB. Whether the SGRQ CB definition is a predictor of future COPD exacerbations is unknown.

The transcription factor Oct4 plays a key regulatory role in the induction and maintenance of cellular pluripotency. In this article, we show that ubiquitous and multifunctional poly(C) DNA/RNA‐binding protein hnRNP‐K occupies Oct4(Pou5f1) enhancers in embryonic stem cells (ESCs) but is dispensable for the initiation, maintenance, and downregulation of Oct4gene expression. Nevertheless, hnRNP‐K has an essential cell‐autonomous function in ESCs to maintain their proliferation and viability. To better understand mechanisms of hnRNP‐K action in ESCs, we have performed ChIP‐seq analysis of genome‐wide binding of hnRNP‐K and identified several thousands of hnRNP‐K target sites that are frequently co‐occupied by pluripotency‐related and common factors (Oct4, TATA‐box binding protein, Sox2, Nanog, Otx2, etc.), as well as active histone marks. Furthermore, hnRNP‐K localizes exclusively within open chromatin, implying its role in the onset and/or maintenance of this chromatin state. Stem Cells2019;37:1018–1029 This picture illustrates that hnRNP‐K is localized exclusively within open chromatin, which is marked by H3K27ac, H3K9ac, and H3K4me3.

The purpose of this study was to compare outcomes (and the effect of sacubitril/valsartan) according to etiology in the PARADIGM-HF (Prospective comparison of angiotensin-receptor-neprilysin inhibitor [ARNI] with angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor [ACEI] to Determine Impact on Global Mortality and morbidity in Heart Failure) trial.

An effective and operationally simple method for the preparation of 1-(2-(sulfonamido)vinyl)indoles (SAV-indoles) by the Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2,2-diaryl-2H-azirines with 1-sulfonyl-1,2,3-triazoles has been developed. This method enables the stereoselective synthesis of a variety of 1,2,3-trisubstituted indoles having a Zconfiguration of the (1-aryl-2-(sulfonamido)vinyl) substituent. The reaction mechanism, supported by DFT calculations, involves the formation of 1,4-diazahexa-1,3,5-trienes, which rapidly cyclize to 2,2-diaryl-1-sulfonyl-1,2-dihydropyrazines. These compounds can be isolated at an early stage of the reaction, but under prolonged heating they isomerize into 7aH-indolium ylides, followed by a barrierless 1,5-prototropic shift to SAV-indoles. The developed methodology was also applied to the preparation of 1,3′-biindoles from 2,2-diaryl-2H-azirines using 3-diazoindolin-2-imines instead of 1-sulfonyl-1,2,3-triazoles.

AbstractOocyte cryopreservation is valuable way of preserving the female germ line. Vitrification of immature ovine oocytes decreased the levels of both maturation promoting factor (MPF) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in metaphase II (MII) oocytes after IVM. Our aims were 1) to evaluate the effects of vitrification of ovine GV-oocytes on spindle assembly, MPF/MAP kinases activities, and preimplantation development following IVM and IVF, 2) to elucidate the impact of caffeine supplementation during IVM on the quality and development of vitrified/warmed ovine GV-oocytes. Cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) from mature ewes were divided into vitrified, toxicity and control groups. Oocytes from each group were matured in vitrofor 18 h in caffeine free IVM medium and denuded oocytes were incubated in maturation medium supplemented with 10 mM (+) or without (−) caffeine for another 6 h. At 24 h.p.m., oocytes were evaluated for spindle configuration, MPF/MAP kinases activities or fertilized and cultured in vitrofor 7 days. Caffeine supplementation did not significantly affect the percentages of oocytes with normal spindle assembly in all the groups. Caffeine supplementation during IVM did not increase the activities of both kinases in vitrified groups. Cleavage and blastocyst development were significantly lower in vitrified groups than in control. Caffeine supplementation during the last 6 h of IVM did not significantly improve the cleavage and blastocyst rates in vitrified group. In conclusion, caffeine treatment during in vitromaturation has no positive impact on the quality and development of vitrified/warmed ovine GV-oocytes after IVM/IVF and embryo culture.

AbstractSheep is an important livestock in the world providing meat, milk and wool for human beings. With increasing human population, the worldwide needs of production of sheep have elevated. To meet the needs, the assistant reproductive technology including ovine in vitroembryo production (ovine IVP) is urgently required to enhance the effective production of sheep in the world. To learn the status of ovine IVP, we collected some publications related to ovine IVP through PubMed and analyzed the progress in ovine IVP made in the last five years (2012–2017). We made comparisons of these data and found that the recent advances in ovine IVP has been made slowly comparable to that of ovine IVP two decades ago. Therefore, we suggested two strategies or approaches to tackle the main problems in ovine IVP and expect that the efficiency of ovine IVP could be improved significantly when the approaches would be implemented.

Previous investigations in adult smokers from the COPDGene Study have shown that early-life respiratory disease is associated with reduced lung function, COPD, and airway thickening. Using 5-year follow-up data, we assessed disease progression in subjects who had experienced early-life respiratory disease. We hypothesized that there are alternative pathways to reaching reduced FEV1and that subjects who had childhood pneumonia, childhood asthma, or asthma-COPD overlap (ACO) would have less lung function decline than subjects without these conditions.

Oocyte cryopreservation is valuable way of preserving the female germ line. Vitrification of immature ovine oocytes decreased the levels of both maturation promoting factor (MPF) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in metaphase II (MII) oocytes after IVM. Our aims were 1) to evaluate the effects of vitrification of ovine GV-oocytes on spindle assembly, MPF/MAP kinases activities, and preimplantation development following IVM and IVF, 2) to elucidate the impact of caffeine supplementation during IVM on the quality and development of vitrified/warmed ovine GV-oocytes. Cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) from mature ewes were divided into vitrified, toxicity and control groups. Oocytes from each group were matured in vitrofor 18 h in caffeine free IVM medium and denuded oocytes were incubated in maturation medium supplemented with 10 mM (+) or without (−) caffeine for another 6 h. At 24 h.p.m., oocytes were evaluated for spindle configuration, MPF/MAP kinases activities or fertilized and cultured in vitrofor 7 days. Caffeine supplementation did not significantly affect the percentages of oocytes with normal spindle assembly in all the groups. Caffeine supplementation during IVM did not increase the activities of both kinases in vitrified groups. Cleavage and blastocyst development were significantly lower in vitrified groups than in control. Caffeine supplementation during the last 6h of IVM did not significantly improve the cleavage and blastocyst rates in vitrified group. In conclusion, caffeine treatment during in vitromaturation has no positive impact on the quality and development of vitrified/warmed ovine GV-oocytes after IVM/IVF and embryo culture.

Sheep is an important livestock in the world providing meat, milk and wool for human beings. With increasing human population, the worldwide needs of production of sheep have elevated. To meet the needs, the assistant reproductive technology including ovine in vitroembryo production (ovine IVP) is urgently required to enhance the effective production of sheep in the world. To learn the status of ovine IVP, we collected some publications related to ovine IVP through PubMed and analyzed the progress in ovine IVP made in the last five years (2012–2017). We made comparisons of these data and found that the recent advances in ovine IVP has been made slowly comparable to that of ovine IVP two decades ago. Therefore, we suggested two strategies or approaches to tackle the main problems in ovine IVP and expect that the efficiency of ovine IVP could be improved significantly when the approaches would be implemented.

The PARAGON-HF (Prospective Comparison of ARNI with ARB Global Outcomes in HF With Preserved Ejection Fraction) trial is designed to determine the efficacy and safety of the angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitor sacubitril/valsartan compared with valsartan in patients with chronic heart failure and preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF).

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text.

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text.

The research has developed an innovated pilot machine for separating the recyclable materials of the municipal solid waste. It utilises a rotary screen drum with a length three times its diameter. This drum is divided into two parts, the first part is one metre long, consists of a screen having meshes graduated from 8 to 20 mm to separate the fine refuse. The second part is 3 metre long, consists of a screen having meshes graduated from 20 to 200 mm to separate coarser refuse. The results of treating 30 tons/day of solid waste by separation came with the following rates: metals 10.7%, paper 17.7%, plastics 4.0%, glass 2.0% and textiles 1.3%. In addition, the percentage of organic compostable materials was 58% out of the total solid wastes. Such a pilot machine can be generalised to be applied in similar cities elsewhere.

We describe a fractured dolomite reservoir in the Miocene syn-rift succession of the Gulf of Suez, and the impact of fractures on the increase in the water cut during production from this reservoir and the measures taken to overcome this problem. The Issaran Field includes two dolomite reservoirs (the Upper and Lower Dolomite). The Lower Dolomite reservoir has a highly fractured zone (HFZ) corresponding to a brittle layer that extends down-dip below the highest know water level, allowing the flow of water from the water-wet area to other parts of the reservoir and, thus, causing an increase in the water cut in the wells. Setting an inflatable packer above the HFZ in open holes, perforation above its level in cased holes and reaching total depth of new wells above the HFZ are recommended to decrease the water cut. Accidental hydraulic fractures might develop by steam injection at pressures exceeding rock fracture pressure. These fractures and critically stressed natural fractures allow injected steam to pass laterally through the reservoir along interconnected natural fractures.

Gastric cancer (GC) still represents a major health problem, despite a decrease in its incidence in the last few years. Because of the social impact of GC, there is a need for developing novel biomarkers to stratify patients into appropriate screening, surveillance, or treatment programs. Although histopathology remains the most reliable and less-expensive method, numerous efforts have been made toward identifying and validating novel biomarkers. Recent advances in molecular therapy have identified human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) as an important target for anticancer therapy in GC. Although the clinical relevance and prognostic significance of HER2 in breast cancer have been well acknowledged, it remains controversial in GC. The aim of this work was to evaluate the role of HER2 as a prognostic factor in patients with GC.

Biochar research has received greater interest in recent years because of its potential beneficial effects on soil properties and its efficiency as a long-term C sequester. In this study, the effect of Conocarpusbiochar application on the hydraulic properties of a sandy loam soil was investigated. Evaporation rate, water retention, soil water infiltration, and soil aggregate stability were measured in soil columns packed with a sandy loam soil amended with 5, 10, 15, and 20 g [BULLET OPERATOR] kg − 1of non-activated biochar. Results showed that cumulative evaporation was reduced by 5.4 to 12.1 as a result of increasing biochar application. The application of biochar enhanced the capacity of the soil to retain water by 8.9, 17.6, 28.1, and 30.9 for soils treated with biochar rates of 5, 10, 15, and 20 g [BULLET OPERATOR] kg − 1, respectively. Water content at field capacity increased in the top 10 cm by 7.2 to 15.9. Water-holding capacity was increased by increasing the application rate of biochar. The percentage of water-stable aggregates was increased, especially in the larger fractional sizes (2–0.25 mm). On the other hand, the application of biochar decreased saturated hydraulic conductivity and infiltration rate, but had minimal effect on other hydraulic parameters. The ability of biochar to reduce water evaporation and improve water retention of coarse-textured sandy soils can help to enhance soil quality and productivity, reduce the amount of irrigation water, and maintain crop yields for crops exposed to water stress, especially in arid and semiarid regions.

Biochar research has received greater interest in recent years because of its potential beneficial effects on soil properties and its efficiency as a long-term C sequester. In this study, the effect of Conocarpus biochar application on the hydraulic properties of a sandy loam soil was investigated. Evaporation rate, water retention, soil water infiltration, and soil aggregate stability were measured in soil columns packed with a sandy loam soil amended with 5, 10, 15, and 20 g . kg-1 of non-activated biochar. Results showed that cumulative evaporation was reduced by 5.4% to 12.1% as a result of increasing biochar application. The application of biochar enhanced the capacity of the soil to retain water by 8.9%, 17.6%, 28.1%, and 30.9% for soils treated with biochar rates of 5, 10, 15, and 20 g . kg-1, respectively. Water content at field capacity increased in the top 10 cm by 7.2% to 15.9%. Water-holding capacity was increased by increasing the application rate of biochar. The percentage of water-stable aggregates was increased, especially in the larger fractional sizes (2-0.25 mm). On the other hand, the application of biochar decreased saturated hydraulic conductivity and infiltration rate, but had minimal effect on other hydraulic parameters. The ability of biochar to reduce water evaporation and improve water retention of coarse-textured sandy soils can help to enhance soil quality and productivity, reduce the amount of irrigation water, and maintain crop yields for crops exposed to water stress, especially in arid and semiarid regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intercellular adhesion mediated by the claudin and the cadherincatenin complex is a prerequisite for epithelial integrity and differentiation, and has been suggested to be frequently disturbed in cancers.

Chelate-assisted phytoextraction is a promising technique to remediate metal-contaminated soil. Batch and greenhouse experiments were conducted to assess the effects of synthetic chelators (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid EDTA, ethylenediaminedisuccinic acid EDDS, and nitrilotriacetic acid) and low-molecular-weight organic acids (oxalic and citric acids) on the solubilization of copper, chromium, and arsenic (Cu, Cr, and As, respectively) in chromated Cu arsenate (CCA)-contaminated soil and on metal uptake and translocation in maize (Zea maysL.). Chelators significantly enhanced the solubilization of Cr, Cu, and As in the soil and markedly increased their accumulation in plant tissues. Applying 5 and 10 mmol kg−1EDDS increased plant Cu uptake by 2.8- and 3.5-fold greater than that in control soil (without chelate applications), respectively. EDTA and citric acid were more efficient for increasing Cr uptake by plant shoots, resulting in 5.0- and 5.5-fold increases, respectively, compared with that in the control. Maximum As uptake was observed in response to a treatment of 10 mmol kg−1citric acid, which was 1.9-fold greater than that in control soil. However, translocation factors, phytoextraction efficiencies, and remediation factors indicated that metal uptake was not high enough for successful phytoremediation of CCA–contaminated soil. Our results suggest that EDDS and citric acid as alternatives to EDTA may facilitate phytoextraction of contaminated soil.

The article presents a study on the effects of synthetic chelators in the intake and translocation process of maize on metal found in soil such as copper (Cu), chromium (Cr) and arsenic (As). It mentions that Cu, Cr and As solubilization is conducted by greenhouse experiment using ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), ethylenediaminedisuccinic acid (EDDS) and organic acids. The study found that EDDS and EDTA are effective synthetic chelators for phytoextraction of metal-contaminated soil.

Detailed study of outcrop and subsurface data of North Sinai indicates the existence of a NE–SW oriented region with very large asymmetric folds lying between the Nile Delta hinge zone and the Sinai hinge belt. The steep southeastern flanks of these folds are often associated with high-angle reverse faults. These folds continue northeastward in the Naqb Desert toward the Dead Sea transform. The North Sinai folds represent inversion anticlines formed by inversion of Mesozoic (Jurassic and probably Cretaceous) extensional basins during Late Cretaceous to pre-Miocene times. Mesozoic extension is related to the divergence between Afro-Arabia and Eurasia and opening of the Neotethys whereas inversion is related to the convergent movement between these two plates. The acme of inversion was at Campanian time. The central Sinai hinge belt is a zone of ENE–WSW oriented, right-lateral strike–slip faults that separate the folded area to the north from the tectonically stable area of central and southern Sinai. It responded to the convergent movement between Afro-Arabia and Eurasia by dextral transpression on the faults. Later reactivation of the eastern edges of these faults by drag on the west side of the Dead Sea transform took place in post-Miocene to Recent times.