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There is limited access to Justice system services in rural communities of Namibia, stemming from inadequate infrastructure and resources which contributes to a concerning escalation in poverty and crime rates within these communities. The study examines the factors that influence the Namibian Ministry of Justice's services to rural areas. The qualitative methods were employed, and actor-network theory (ANT) was applied as a lens for analysis. The study reveals that a mobile-enabled platform can be used to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the Ministry of Justice service delivery. It highlights the factors that can influence the development of the platform. The findings have significant implications for improving the efficiency and effectiveness of the Justice system services, from both technology and the Ministry of Justice's perspectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Access to justice research identifies how unmet legal need arises from and exacerbates disadvantage. In parallel, epidemiological research identifies the inequitable impact of social determinants on health. Health justice partnership (HJP) is an innovative response to this evidence: providing accessible legal help to individuals experiencing complex needs; building the capability of health and legal services to support these clients; and challenging systemic factors that contribute to social and health inequity. HJP offers a broader view of access to justice, demonstrating how the law and accessible legal help contribute to health and wellbeing outcomes, and are part of the shared challenge of responding to health and social inequity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concept of epistemological access, formulated by Morrow (1994; 2007), has been highly influential in higher education. It has been widely used in the sense of moving beyond physical or formal access to meaningful access to the "goods" of the university. An academic literacy approach acknowledges the complexity of literacy practices at university level. According to this approach, students need to master disciplinary literacies in order to learn and engage with knowledge (Lea and Street 1998; 2006). Epistemological access, social justice and academic literacies have been widely researched in the South African higher education field. This conceptual article explores the relationship between epistemological access and the development of students' academic literacies to enhance social justice within the South African higher education context. We draw on related literature and our current experiences as academics to critique current institutional practices aimed at addressing the development of academic literacies and promoting student success. We argue for greater attention to be paid at institutional and faculty level to enhancing epistemological access and social justice. This article ends by putting forward a number of propositions towards strengthening student epistemological access and academic literacies development in higher education from a social justice perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• This pilot study examines access to justice for people with epilepsy in Finland. • Only a few court cases provided little insight into their everyday problems. • The survey results show that they had experienced problems in many spheres of life. • Having refractory epilepsy was linked with experiencing everyday problems. • Perceived prejudice was also linked to the experience of everyday problems. The aim of this socio-legal pilot study is to gain insight into the access to justice for people with epilepsy in Finland by identifying the everyday problems experienced by them. Stigma, prejudice and their impact on the lives of people with epilepsy has been widely documented in the literature. Thus, we also wanted to explore whether there is a link between reported everyday problems and perceived prejudice. In the first phase of the study, court cases were used to describe the everyday problems of people with epilepsy in Finland. In the second phase, descriptive statistical methods were used to analyse the survey data collected from adults with epilepsy in Finland (n = 237). Based on only a few existing court cases, the problems faced by people with epilepsy seem to be similar to those faced by other groups of people with disabilities. The most common problems reported by our survey respondents were related to healthcare services (73 %) and work (54 %), followed by family (25 %), mistreatment (25 %), housing (24 %) and goods and services (19 %). Both having refractory epilepsy and perceived prejudice seem to be linked with experiencing everyday problems. The results of this pilot study on the everyday problems experienced by people with epilepsy suggest that there are various gaps in their access to justice, even in a developed EU country like Finland. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Araucaria is the property of Araucaria-Revista Iberoamericana de Filosofia, Politica y Humanidades and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Monatsschrift fuer Kriminologie und Strafrechtsreform is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

One fundamental issue at the forefront of the COVID-19 pandemic is the relationship between access to vaccines and intellectual property rights. The purpose of what follows is to advocate for a cosmopolitan interpretation of John Rawls and his Theory of Justice and apply it to the debate on vaccine patent protections. Using the Philippines and other developing countries as the context of analysis, this paper has one main claim—that the vaccine patent waiver is right in the interest of justice, and patent protections must be waived to achieve justice in the distribution of vaccines. The approach here analyzes Rawls’ theories on the nature of justice and equitable distribution and addresses their limitations to establish a framework and justify its use in the vaccine patent debate. Using the Cosmopolitan Principles of Justice (CPJ), a modified version of Rawls’ original framework that can be applied to global justice—lifting patent protections is just because patent protections that block access to health are unjust. CPJ then entails a revision of institutions so as to not perpetuate injustice and to be aligned with social justice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The “best interests of the child” (BIC) is the most referenced child rights principle in international law, whereas juvenile justice is the most mentioned topic. This paper examines how countries in Southeast Asia (SEA) interpret BIC in juvenile justice and if their understanding is consistent with the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) and other international standards and why. It contends that BIC’s indeterminate use led to misinterpretation of child rights and that BIC interpretation is influenced by several factors found within the socio-cultural and political economy of SEA. Using Malaysia, the Philippines, and Thailand as case studies for their representation of legal and socio-cultural traditions in SEA, this study applies a positivist and constructivist approach to qualitative research using surveys, jurisprudence, documentary research, and interviews with children and justice actors. It finds that CRC’s ratification and laws enacted with BIC therein do not guarantee the full protection of the rights of children in conflict with the law (CICL). It highlights the importance of using BIC cautiously, the value of asking children their BIC, and the need to deconstruct adult overgeneralizations on juvenile justice. As BIC is more than a legal concept, it recommends a constructivist approach in search of common values about childhood and justice across cultures. The study seeks to clarify the academic, legal, and practical interpretation of BIC in juvenile justice and to protect the rights of CICL in SEA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This Article is the first to empirically examine whether firms draft well-organized online contracts that consumers can easily read, navigate, and analyze. "Messy Contracts," as this Article dubs them, are contracts that lack organizational signals in the form of a table of contents and informative headings. Analyzing the sign-in-wrap agreements employed by the most popular 100 websites--such as Google, Facebook, LinkedIn, Tik-Tok, Walmart, Twitter, Instagram, YouTube, and Amazon--this Article finds that businesses routinely draft messy contracts. The importance of this finding goes beyond what initially meets the eye. Messy contracts (1) reduce consumers' comprehension; (2) impose excessive cognitive costs on consumers, consumer advocates, watchdog organizations, and adjudicators who wish to read or navigate the contract or part of it; (3) undermine consumers' ability to remember the contracts' content, and (4) deter consumers from reading contracts. Furthermore, messy contracts indicate that competition over contract terms is lacking and that firms can utilize the features of the online environment to draft consumer contracts without accounting for consumers' needs more generally. Alarmingly, messy contracts may also denote that term ignorance may drive consumers' assent. In all, messy contracts facilitate exploitation, often harming the most vulnerable consumers. Part II of this Article provides the theoretical background to messy contracts. It contextualizes the problem of messy contracts, linking them to the 'no-reading' problem and delineating their social costs. Part III contains the empirical test of this Article. It discusses the sample contracts, the empirical methodology, and our results. Against this background, Part IV considers the normative implications of messy contracts, suggesting ex ante regulatory measures and ex post judicial scrutiny. It also acknowledges the limitations of our proposals and replies to key critiques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ankara Barosu Dergileri is the property of Ankara Bar Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article focuses on the use of non-fungible tokens (NFTs) for serving legal process in cases involving internet-related injuries like cryptocurrency fraud. Topics include the evolution of legal standards for service of process in light of technological advancements, court approvals of NFT-based service methods, and the potential for expanding electronic service options to enhance access to justice for digital asset holders affected by cybercrime.

The shortage of law graduates outside the city raises adverse implications for access to justice for Australian regional, rural and remote (RRR), and Aboriginal communities. This article discusses an extracurricular educational initiative implemented at the University of Adelaide Law School in 2021 and 2022 geared towards contributing to a solution for this problem. The initiative consisted of a series of immersion and exposure trips throughout regional South Australia for law students with interest in pursuing regional employment. This article discusses the initiative, the pedagogical rationale as well as the impact of the program, providing a blueprint for other universities considering similar initiatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Estudios Socio-Jurídicos is the property of Colegio Mayor de Nuestra Senora del Rosario and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Estudios Socio-Jurídicos is the property of Colegio Mayor de Nuestra Senora del Rosario and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Education Policy Analysis Archives / Archivos Analíticos de Políticas Educativas / Arquivos Analíticos de Políticas Educativas is the property of Educational Policy Analysis Archives & Education Review and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article explores the potential for mediation as a means of resolving disputes within the psilocybin industry. Psilocybin, found in magic mushrooms, has been used by Indigenous communities for spiritual purposes and is now being studied for its therapeutic benefits. While some states have decriminalized or legalized psilocybin, it remains federally illegal. The article suggests that implementing a mediation-first approach could be beneficial in resolving industry disputes, as mediation is seen as a less burdensome and more therapeutic alternative to litigation. The article also discusses the legal complexities and operational challenges faced by businesses in the cannabis and psilocybin industries, highlighting the need for federal action to address these challenges. Additionally, the article provides an overview of the regulatory frameworks for psilocybin consumption in Oregon and Colorado, emphasizing the aim of providing safe access to psilocybin for individuals with mental health challenges. The text also discusses the potential risks of psychedelic therapy, the vulnerability of the psychedelic industry to lawsuits, and the benefits of alternative dispute resolution (ADR), specifically mediation, in the American legal system. It suggests that mediation can help mitigate legal and financial risks and promote positive outcomes for businesses in the psilocybin industry. [Extracted from the article]

The article explores the potential for technology to improve access to justice in the criminal legal system, particularly in misdemeanor cases. It discusses the challenges faced by defendants, such as multiple court appearances, long waiting times, and limited access to information. The article suggests using technology to address these issues, including online dispute resolution, AI-powered tools for self-help and legal research, and remote appearances in court. However, caution is advised to ensure the protection of defendants' rights and to address concerns about bias, confidentiality, and the digital divide. The article emphasizes the need for technology to be implemented in a thoughtful and justice-centered manner. [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of Reflexión Politica is the property of Universidad Autonoma de Bucaramanga, UNAB and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Sustainable development represents a new paradigm about the functioning of society, an approach that involves peaceful societies where the benefits are accessible to all. In addition, this context promotes access to justice for all and the creation of effective, accountable, and inclusive institutions at all levels. Analyzing mainly the social dimension, the paper investigates the contribution of justice in the sustainable development approach, comparing from several perspectives the progress made by Romania in the context of joining the UN 2030 Agenda and supporting the implementation of the set of 17 SDGs. Starting from the consideration that ODD 16 is one of the most innovative aspects of the sustainable development framework, we propose an analysis of the efforts to improve the quality of judicial services in accordance with the National Strategy of Sustainable Development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Türkiye has adopted regulations to manage migration and refugee flows requiring the cooperation of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) since the early 2000s. Even though the basic rights of refugees, such as health and access to educational aid, are defined by regulations, there are barriers that cause discrimination by the authorities of the institutions providing these rights and services, despite the fact that refugees are registered to access these rights. Due to these barriers, which are caused by the lack of standardized procedures, local institutions also tend to put national security first before providing the services refugees need. Based on in-depth interviews with 39 key informants—including refugees, public employees and NGO workers, this paper examines how national migration policy is reflected in local practices, using Duzce city as the example. The paper also shows how refugees develop their own survival strategies through informal mechanisms in response to this situation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concept of human dignity is not universally understood and has many different meanings across diverse contexts. This article interrogates conceptions of human dignity in Cambodia by drawing on original interviews and focus groups and analysing references to ‘dignity’ in Cambodian law and cultural practices. Using the concept of ‘dignitarian feminism,’ it explores how patriarchal interpretations of social, cultural, and religious norms in Cambodia interact with and shape understandings of women’s dignity. It demonstrates that human dignity emerges as diverse, highly gendered, and heavily influenced by Cambodia’s patriarchal interpretation of social, cultural, and religious norms. While ideas of ‘intrinsic’ human dignity and gender equality are framed as valuable aspirations, in practice, understandings of women’s human dignity are shaped by patriarchal norms centred on ‘virtuous’ behaviour, women’s class, socio-economic status, and experience of violence. Such framings restrict women’s ability to exercise agency, their opportunities, and their ability to access justice in the face of violence. Ongoing feminist engagement with the risks of restrictive interpretations of fundamental human rights norms is necessary for women and gender minorities to have their intrinsic human dignity respected regardless of their attributes, life experiences, and backgrounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given the absence of a civil damages action for personal injury in New Zealand, its Health and Disability Commissioner's (HDC) complaints process occupies a pivotal role in its medico-legal arrangements. Much hope was invested in it, but as currently configured, the regime is incapable of delivering justice or fulfilling its legislative purpose in a good number of cases. Many hundreds of complaints per annum, in which there is a strongly arguable case of deficient conduct or more than a mild departure from acceptable standards and in which a serious outcome has resulted, are not fully investigated; and there is no mechanism to appeal an adverse HDC decision that a party considers substantively unfair. Recent criticism of these issues by courts, the Chief Ombudsman, and commentators has mounted, and a petition to Parliament seeking legislative reform to create a right to appeal from adverse HDC decisions resulted in referral of the issue to the Commissioner to consider in an upcoming review, but hoped-for reform will not happen quickly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Legal technology can help close the access-to-justice gap by increasing efficiency, democratizing access to information, and helping consumers solve their own legal problems or connecting them with lawyers who can. But, without proper design, technology can also consolidate power, automate bias, and magnify inequality. The state-by-state regulation of legal services has not adapted to this emerging technology-driven landscape that is continually being reshaped by artificial intelligence–driven tools like ChatGPT. Confusion abounds concerning whether use of these technologies amounts to unauthorized practice of law, leads to discrimination, adequately protects client data, violates the duty of technological competence, or requires prohibited cross-industry business structures. Despite widespread calls for regulatory reforms that respond to these uncertainties, few jurisdictions have acted, as little data exists about the use, benefits, and harms of rapidly emerging legal technologies. This Article argues that, in light of these problems, regulatory reform processes should be explored at the national level, where expertise, as well as empirical benefits and economic advantages, would yield more informed and impactful reforms aimed at balancing consumer protection and access to justice. The Article provides a comprehensive proposal for an opt-in national legal services “sandbox”—a regulatory reform mechanism that carefully tests innovative services through temporary safe harbors and data generation that leads to more informed regulatory decision-making. Although legal services are traditionally regulated at the state level, other industries have benefited from licensing individuals locally while regulating the technologies they use nationally, and state bars already rely on national entities to help with other regulatory functions, like drafting rules of professional conduct. Legal technology’s potential to help close the justice gap—a national crisis—warrants a similar national response. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ius et Praxis (07172877) is the property of Universidad de Talca and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ius et Praxis (07172877) is the property of Universidad de Talca and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ius et Praxis (07172877) is the property of Universidad de Talca and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Politica y Sociedad is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The jurisdiction of the Constitutional Court of the Seychelles, the Court, is provided for under different provisions of the Constitution. Article 46 deals with the circumstances in which a person may approach the Court to enforce human rights. It also deals with the powers of the Court in this context. In this article, I illustrate how the Court, when enforcing or applying Article 46, has dealt with the following issues: locus standi to petition the Court; circumstances in which the Court's jurisdiction is excluded or limited; powers of the Court in protecting human rights, circumstances in which other courts may refer matters to the Constitutional Court and procedural access to the Court and the burden to prove human rights violations. It is observed that for a person to have locus standi under Article 46(1), there has to be a real likelihood that his/her right will be violated. A remote possibility of a violation does not trigger Article 46(1). It is observed further that the right under Article 46(1) is not absolute; although the word 'may' is used under Article 46(3), the Court is obliged to decline being seized with a matter in case the applicant has obtained redress from another court; since the constitution is silent on the burden of proof in cases where a private individual is alleged to have violated a human right, the burden should be on the applicant to prove such a violation; and that the Rules of the Court which require that an action alleging a violation of human rights has to be filed within three months of the violation may have to be amended to create exceptions for continuing violations of human rights and for the violation of non-derogable rights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Kriminologisches Journal is the property of Julius Beltz GmbH & Co. KG Beltz Juventa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article focuses on the authorization of nonlawyers to practice law in state courts,U.S., including two case of UPL (Unauthorized Practice of Law) lawsuits, Florida Bar v. Brumbaugh and Upsolve Inc. v. James and examines the legal monopoly's impact on access to justice.

The article focuses on the work of Professor Deborah L. Rhode, a renowned legal ethics scholar who has contributed significantly to pro bono work, access to justice, and bridging the gap between professional ideals and reality through the use of empiricism.pro.

Copyright of Romanian Case Law Review / Revista Română de Jurisprudenţă is the property of Universul Juridic Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The conditions for the admissibility of an action in administrative matters that have as their object administrative acts issued/adopted in exceptional situations are regulated in Law no. 554/2004 of the administrative content, and in other works, we find this issue analyzed as a feature of the administrative content based on Law no. 554/2004 and the Constitution. which is completed with the provisions of the special legislation applicable to exceptional situations. In the specialized doctrine, as a rule, the conditions for the admissibility of an action in administrative litigation are identified: the condition that the challenged act is an administrative act; the condition that the challenged act harms a right recognized by law or a legitimate interest; the condition that the challenged act emanates from a public authority; the condition of fulfilling the prior administrative procedure; provided that the action is brought within a certain period. In the light of these considerations derived from the constant jurisprudence of the Court of Strasbourg, the Constitutional Court of the statute in the sense that ensuring a right of effective access to justice must also be analyzed through the lens of the effects that the court decision has on the rights of the person who addressed the justice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ongoing assault on abortion care in the United States culminating in the Supreme Court decision that overturned Roe v Wade calls for concerted national action to address the major gaps in care and training that will ensue. We write this call to action to our community of obstetrician–gynecologists to prioritize advocacy for access to abortion care. Professional health organizations understand the importance of access to contraception and abortion care as the foundation for reproductive health, autonomy, and empowerment. As restrictions proliferate, patients are encountering significant challenges in accessing care; all in our community who provide obstetrical and gynecologic care need to step up to ensure adequate and equitable patient care and provider training. In this Clinical Opinion, we outline current professional organization evidence-based support for comprehensive reproductive health care including abortion care, without interference by politics, strategies to proactively prevent further restrictions, and actions to mitigate the harm that will be caused by further restrictions to abortion care. We must all speak up, be visible in our support, and take any and every opportunity to advocate for abortion care as an integral part of comprehensive reproductive medical care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Civil protection order legislation is a distinctive response to domestic violence with its focus on immediate safety and access to justice. Although the legislation was motivated by the need to broaden protective remedies for domestic violence and make them more accessible, similar remedies continue to exist and be utilized in the family law arena—for example, exclusive possession orders for the family home and restraining orders related to family disputes. Some jurisdictions also allow civil protection orders to contain conditions relevant to family law disputes, such as interim parenting orders. Intersections, overlaps and potential conflicts also exist between civil protection order law, criminal law, and child protection law. This article examines Alberta as a case study for exploring the intersections of civil protection orders, family law, and other legal areas and systems. It explores several research questions, including: How are family law disputes affected by the presence of civil protection order proceedings, and vice versa? What are the interactions between the criminal, child protection, and civil protection order systems? What are the access to justice concerns that arise at these intersections and under the civil protection order system more broadly? These questions are answered using several methodologies: a comparative analysis of civil protection order legislation, a case law review, interviews with Alberta-based lawyers and service providers, and observations of civil protection order hearings. The article examines the benefits, barriers, and pitfalls of civil protection orders and concludes with recommendations for further research and reform of the legislation and its application in practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the discussion on exploring the access to justice issues arising for survivors of domestic violence. Topics include addressing family law's intersections with other legal domains such as civil restraining orders, child welfare, and immigration; and seeking legal advice or engaging in family law dispute resolution processes being experienced, or experiencing domestic violence.

Copyright of Romanian Case Law Review / Revista Română de Jurisprudenţă is the property of Universul Juridic Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Anuario Colombiano de Derecho Internacional is the property of Colegio Mayor de Nuestra Senora del Rosario and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The relationship between exposure to toxins at work and lung diseases continues to be significantly under-recognised in Australia. Medical practitioners are well placed to identify occupational risk factors for disease. They can therefore play a vital role in informing regulatory responses, highlighting dangerous workplaces and supporting access to compensation to assist with better health outcomes for their patients. Increased awareness among medical practitioners of occupational factors can aid early diagnosis and improve patient outcomes by improving access to justice. Medical practitioners should be cognisant of the occupational causes of lung disease in Australia to support appropriate specialist referral and ensure patients can access additional support systems available through legal compensation systems. More broadly, medical professionals and lawyers assisting workers share the common aim of highlighting preventable diseases and advocating for change to help make workplaces safer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reviews the experiences of pro se tenants facing eviction hearings and explores legal gaps in access to justice initiatives for pro se tenants in Ohio landlord-tenant law.

The authors have embarked on an extensive analysis of the open court principle, access to justice concerns, and how these have been impacted by the Manitoba courts' pandemic response measures. Due to the length of this analysis, it is divided into two parts, to be published as separate articles in the same Issue: Part A ("Setting the Stage") and Part B ("Drawing the Curtains in the House of Justice"). These papers are intended to be read in conjunction. In Part B, the authors apply the observations and recommendations of the federal Action Committee on Court Operations in Response to the Pandemic, discussed in Part A, to the pandemic-response approach taken in Manitoba to evaluate whether the measures achieved the access movement's objectives. Particular attention is paid to outcomes for individuals charged with murder, who are guaranteed the right to a jury trial under the Charter of Rights and Freedoms. The authors examine the various Practice Directions and Notices that were issued by the leaders of the court system to identify the subtle disregard for the Charter rights of these individuals. Informed by various reports, the authors offer four recommendations to improve the state's response to the pandemic, including on a prospective basis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The authors have embarked on an extensive analysis of the open court principle, access to justice concerns, and how these have been impacted by the Manitoba courts' pandemic response measures. Due to the length of this analysis, it is divided into two parts, to be published as separate articles in the same Issue: Part A ("Setting the Stage") and Part B ("Drawing the Curtains in the House of Justice"). Importantly, these papers are to be read in conjunction. Part A provides a vital and extensive background, outlining the modern history of the open court principle and the importance of ensuring access to justice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate change threatens the livelihoods of poor and marginalised people as they have the least capacity to adapt, recover and respond to climate events. This article presents climate justice as a new frontier for the Australian community legal sector and puts forward three key reasons why community legal centres (CLCs) are ideally suited to the challenge of climate justice-related legal work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]