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Domestic drinking water arsenic infectivity has long been a source of concern. The current study concentrated on the production and classification of magnetite nanoparticles (MNps) from the collection of plants to evaluate their effectiveness in eliminating arsenic from groundwater. Using plant leaves Abelmoschus esculentus (AE) and Arachis hypogea (AH), magnetite nanoparticles (MNps-AE and MNps-AH) could be easily, economically, and eco-friendly synthesized to create novel inexpensive adsorbents to help remove arsenic as of earth water. The characterization of synthesized MNps was done by UV spectroscopy, SEM, X-ray diffraction, FT-IR, and a sample magnetometer with vibration. A very reliable technique for treating arsenic-contaminated groundwater, with MNps-AE and MNps-AH extracts creates adsorbents with an elevated ability for arsenic as well as magnetic properties. With the aid of kinetic, equilibrium experiments, also the corresponding statistical representations, the adsorption capacities of MNps-AE and MNps-AH, and the arsenic exclusion process of these special adsorbents, were evaluated. The Langmuir adsorption isotherm representation could be clarified by the adsorption isotherm for equally produced resources, more precisely than Freundlich's. The pseudo-second-order mannequin's narrative of the adsorption kinetics mutually with adsorbents revealed intraparticle dispersion was not a single stage for the adsorption practice that could control the rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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In this study, various unconventional fibres have been successfully extracted from crop residue of Canna indica, Areca catechu sheath, Caryota urens spadix petiole, and Abelmoschus esculentus, and their physical, chemical, thermal, and mechanical properties are studied. High cellulose contents of the fibres (20.5-67 wt%) provide better tensile strength (525-563MPa) and ensure better bonding with the matrix. Moreover, the low density of the fibre (1.37-1.44 gcm-3) makes it an alternative to hazardous synthetic fibres. The lower crystal size (0.5-12.9nm) structure tends to absorb more water than the higher crystal size structure. The thermogravimetric analysis confirms its stability up to 150-300°C, which is higher than the polymerization temperature. These characteristics show that the fibre may be effortlessly converted into nonwoven fabrics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Green synthesis of selenium nanoparticles (Se-NPs) was done using Abelmoschus esculentus extract as the capping and reducing agent and sodium selenite (Na2SeO3) as the selenium source. UV-Vis spectrum confirmed the formation of Se-NPs in the solution. According to the XRD pattern, the average particle size was estimated to be about 30.7 nm. The TEM images shown the spherical shape of Se-NPs. The antimycobacterial effects of Se-NPs were tested against the standard strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (H37RV) and Mycobacterium simiae isolates. Antibacterial impacts were examined through the usage of resazurin microtiter assay (REMA) against bacterial strains, including Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. There were no significant abilities to be reported from the Se-NPs for combating M. tuberculosis H37Rv and M. simiae strains. Based on the results, the nanoparticles displayed stronger antibacterial activities towards the Gram-positive bacteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rot disease is responsible for serious economic losses related to okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) crops cultivated in Upper Egypt. Colonies with a consistent morphology were isolated from the infected okra stems and leaves and subjected to morphological and molecular examinations. The causal pathogen was identified as Cochliobolus spicifer based on morphological fungus descriptions, as well as on the amplified 28S rDNA and internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) sequences, which showed 99%–100% similarity to the sequences of C. spicifer - CSN-20 strains. The volatile and non-volatile organic compounds (VOCs and n-VOCs, respectively) produced by the endophytic fungi that are associated with the medicinal plant Solenostemma arghel , namely Fusarium solani -F4-1007, Penicillium verrucosum -F2-1006, and Aspergillus terreus -F5-1008, inhibited the growth of the C. spicifer pathogen by 34.2%,31.4%, and 30.5%, respectively. In total,27 VOCs were identified by GC/MS, among which eight were specific to A. terreus -F5-1008, eight to P. verrucosum -F2-1006, and three to F. solani -F4-1007, whereas nine VOCs were commonly produced by the three endophytic fungi. Moreover, F. solani -F4-1007-produced VOCs and n-VOCs exhibited the highest antifungal activity, with 37.27% and 37.1% inhibition against C. spicifer colony growth, respectively. The potent antifungal VOCs produced by F. solani -F4-1007 were identified as 3,4-dihydro-2 h-1,5-(3″-t-butyl) benzodioxepine, 4-(2-hydroxyethyl) phenol, and phenylethyl alcohol using GC/MS. Therefore, F. solani -F4-1007 was tested as a potential biocontrol agent against C. spicifer- CSN-20 using an in-planta assay. Okra plants treated with endophytic F. solani -F4-1007did not show any disease symptoms, whereas those that were not treated with F. solani -F4-1007 exhibited severe disease symptoms when challenged with inoculation of the C. spicifer pathogen. Our results demonstrated the contribution of the endophytic fungus F. solani -F4-1007 as a potential biocontrol agent against the C. spicifer pathogen, to improve okra growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the response of Abelmoschus esculentus to food industry processing effluent at different concentrations of 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100%. The physicochemical properties of the effluent and experimental soil were analysed. The effluent had a high BOD of 39.20mg/l compared to WHO standard of 10 and a pH of 6.12 which is within WHO allowable limit of 6.5-8.5. The conductivity was low 130.00 μs/cm compared to WHO standard of 750.5. The study also revealed that food industry effluent had a significant (p<0.05) effect on the morphological features, chlorophyll and heavy metals composition of Abelmoschus esculentus, The growth parameters were significantly (p<0.05) reduced with increase in the concentrations of the effluent. High concentration of the effluent at 80% induced high chlorophyll content at 24.05mg/ml and also increased the level of heavy metal bioaccumulation in Abelmoschus esculentus. This study suggests that high concentration of food processing industry effluent could be detrimental to the growth and productivity of Abelmoschus esculentus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drought poses a major challenge to global agricultural crop production, as it is considered one of the most severe abiotic stresses. Understanding the effects of exogenous microbial biofertilizer on okra [ Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench] under drought stress can lead to new strategies for coping with drought conditions. The objective of the study was to examine the effects of microbial biofertilizer on growth, physio-biochemical traits, fruit yield, and water productivity of okra under drought stress. A factorial pot experiment, consisting of eight biofertilizer treatments applied as a soil drench (autoclaved inoculum [control], and inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi [AMF], phosphate-solubilizing fungi [PSF], plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria [PGPR], AMF + PSF, AMF + PGPR, PGPR + PSF, and AMF + PSF + PGPR) and three soil moisture regimes (50%, 75%, and 100% field capacity [FC]), was carried out. The results indicated that decreasing soil moisture level severely affected growth and fruit yield of okra. The application of microbial biofertilizer effectively enhanced growth, fruit yield, and physio-biochemical traits of okra under different soil moisture levels. Among the biofertilizer treatments considered, the combined application of AMF and PGPR showed remarkable efficacy in enhancing growth and productivity of okra plants under both 75% and 100% FC conditions. This co-inoculation significantly boosted shoot dry matter by 51%, root dry matter by 73%, fruit yield by 113%, and irrigation water productivity by 122% compared with plants grown without inoculation, irrespective of soil moisture levels. Furthermore, the plants treated with AMF and PGPR exhibited a noteworthy decrease in free proline accumulation by 31% compared with their non-inoculated counterparts. The results suggest that application of both AMF and PGPR biofertilizer to soil is an effective strategy to alleviate moderate drought stress. It is recommended to apply AMF and PGPR in combination to improve okra yield and water productivity under drought stress. • We evaluated the effects of biofertilizer on fruit yield and water productivity of okra under drought stress. • Decreasing soil moisture level severely affected growth and yield of okra. • Application of biofertilizer effectively enhanced yield and water productivity of okra. • Co-inoculation of AMF and PGPR exhibited promising results. • It is recommended to apply AMF and PGPR in combination to improve okra yield and water productivity under drought stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To analyze the anti-inflammatory properties of okra fruit extract and its efffect toward wound healing process in diabetic mellitus rats. 27 Wistar rats were divided into three groups: (1) negative control (K-), (2) positive control (K+) and (3) streptozotocin induction and 250 mg/kg body weight okra fruit extract (P). Three rats from each group were sacrificed on the 1st, 4th, and 7th days after extraction of their left lower incisor and excised for histologic examination by Hematoxylin Eosin (HE) staining to enable evaluation of the neutrophil expressions. The administration of okra extract to the tooth extraction wounds significantly reduced neutrophil expression compared to that in the untreated group. There was a significant difference on day 1 between the following groups: (1) K- and K+ and (2) K + and P. On day 4, the most significant difference was between K- and P. On day 7, the most significant difference was between K- and K+ group, K+ and P group. Okra fruit extract exhibits anti-inflammatory activity and is, therefore, an effective agent for healing process of tooth extraction wounds in diabetic mellitus rats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Salicylic acid (SA) is known as an endogene- ous signaling molecule that is involved in physiological processes in plants, plant resistance and tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. This study was carried out to assess the response of salicylic acid and irrigation intervals on growth and yield of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) variety TS-NARGIS using RCB Design with split plot arrangement having two factors i.e. irrigation intervals (5, 10 and 15 days) and Salicylic acid (0, 80, 160 and 240mgl-l), replicated three times. Data regarding morphological traits (plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves per plant) and yield related traits (Number of pods per plant, single pod weight, average pod length, and total yield per hectare) were recorded. Results showed that the reduction of irrigation interval from 15 to 5 days statistically improved maximum plant height, number of leaves, stem diameter, while minimum days to flowering, minimum days to first picking and maximum single pod weight, pod length, no of pods plant-1 and high yield were recorded at 10 days irrigation interval. Application of salicylic acid at 240mgl-1 had minimum days to flowering, days to picking and maximum single pod weight, average pod length, plant height, no of leaves plant-1, number of pods plant-1, stem diameter and yield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cercospora leaf spot, caused by Cercospora abelmoschi Ellis and Everhart, is quite common in okra culture. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of aqueous extracts of neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss), citronella (Cymbopogon nardus (L.) Rendle), eucalyptus (Eucalyptus grandis L.), ecolife®, A. indica oil and fungicide cercobin 700 PM® in control of cercospora leaf spot on okra in greenhouse. The extracts and neem oil were tested in concentration 10%, the fungicide cercobin 700PM® in dose 2.5 g.l-1, applied 10 days after pathogen inoculation by leaf spray and the citric biomass extract ecolife® in concentration 5.0 ml.l-1, applied 10 days before pathogen inoculation. All treatments, except ecolife®, were effective in controlling cercospora leaf spot and may be recommended as alternatives in agroecological systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diabetes mellitus (DtM) is a collection of recurrent metabolic abnormalities that are generally assessed by persistent hyperglycemia. This condition occurs when the insulin released from the pancreatic cells get destroyed and produce little or no insulin. In traditional Chinese medicine, Abelmoschus esculentus (AS) is used for the treatment for type 1 diabetes. This study aims to mitigate type 1 DtM caused by the administration of streptozotocin (STZ). Diabetes was produced in each of the Wistar rats by administering a single shot administration of STZ intraperitoneally. The rats were split into five groups. Group1 and 2 were normal control and diabetic control group. Groups 3, 4, and 5 were received okra mucilage extract and okra seed crude extract at a dosage of 150 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, and 200 ml/kg. After 4 weeks animals were sacrificed and blood was collected through cardiac puncture and liver and kidney were dissected for further biochemical as well as histopathological examinations. The FBG, %HbA1c, lipid profile, liver function test, oxidative stress, and histopathology investigation were analyzed. Our result showed a significant difference between different groups in each parameter. Our study revealed that okra mucilage extract has advantage over okra seed crude extract significantly. The extract of AS has an antidiabetic activity and contributes to the overall reduction in BG levels. Its properties can be a remedy to manage DtM. Based on the results of the tests, it was determined that a solid oral formulation might be made using okra-derived mucilage crude extract and aqueous seed extract as a pharmaceutical excipient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita, is one of the major limiting factors affecting plant growth and yield causing an estimated $100 billion loss per year worldwide. Synthetic pesticides, though instantaneously effective, are usually prohibitively expensive, not readily available, may cause hazards to both man and livestock, and inflict injury to the environment. Notable among the alternatives to nematicides is the use of resistant cultivars which are inexpensive and eco-friendly. In the present studies, twelve okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L) cultivars were evaluated for their resistance against M. incognita under field conditions. Ten-day old okra plants of test cultivars were inoculated with 3000 freshly hatched second stage juveniles of M. incognita. The nematode caused reductions in various growth parameters of all the cultivars to varying levels over their respective controls. None of the cultivars was found completely resistant. The cultivar ‘Sharmeeli’ was highly susceptible as >100 galls were recorded on the roots. Sharmeeli also showed maximum reductions in growth among the cultivars evaluated. The cultivars Anmol and Sindha were susceptible with 71–100 galls. The cultivars Sabz Pari, Super Star, PMS-55 and PMS Beauty were moderately susceptible with 31–70 galls and comparatively less reductions in growth. Cultivars Sanam, Dikshah, Arka Anamika, Ikra-1 and Ikra-2 with 11–30 galls were rated as moderately resistant and showed less damage by the nematode as compared to susceptible cultivars and their planting could provide a useful tool to control root-knot nematodes. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The article presents information on a research which was conducted to determine the influence of seasonal variations on components of pawpaw intercropped with okra mixtures. It informs that several characteristics of juvenile and mature pawpaw including plant height, stem girth, and canopy spread has been influenced by seasonal variations. It also informs that a significant difference can be observed in seasonal number of flowers, fruit yield, and fruit setting rate.

Abstract: The whitefly Bemisia tabaci is one of the most important pests of the tomato Lycopersicon esculentnm in the world; it affects plant vigour, transmits geminiviruses and reduces crop quality. This experiment was conducted to determine the response of Bemisia tabaci population when tomato (Solanum lycopersicum MT1) planted alone (non-choice), tomato planted with brinjal (Solanum malagna MTe1), tomato with chilli (Capsicum annuum MC11), tomato with okra (Abelmoschus esculentus MKBE1), and all together (choice experiment) under glasshouse conditions (30-36°C, 80% RH). The results have shown that, there were significantly higher (P< 0.05) numbers of adults, eggs and nymphs on tomato alone or planted with chilli, whereas significantly lower numbers of adults, eggs and nymphs were seen when tomato was planted with okra and brinjal. Generally, the number of adults and eggs was observed to be more on the upper stratum compared to the lower plant stratum. Interestingly, the number of nymphs was found to be higher on the middle stratum than on the other strata in all treatments. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

A pathogenicity test was conducted against root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita and root rot fungus, Rhizoctonia solani on okra (Abelmoschus esculentus). The results showed that with the increase in the inoculum of M. incognita i.e. from 250-8000 J2/plant and R. solani from 0.25 - 8.0 g mycelial mat/plant caused reduction in plant growth parameters viz., length, fresh weight and dry weight. The highest reduction in plant growth parameters was recorded in the plants inoculated with the 8000 J2/kg of M. incognita and 8.0 g mycelial mat of R. solani/plant of fungus whereas the least reduction was recorded in 250 J2/plant of nematode and 0.25g mycelial mat/plant. However the significant reduction in plant growth parameters was recorded in the plants inoculated with at and above 2000J2/kg and 2g mycelial mat/plant of nematode (M. incognita) and fungus (R. solani) respectively. So these levels were pathogenic level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Diabetes mellitus (DM), as a global health problem, is a common endocrine disorder. • Okra is a valuable plant due to its antioxidant compounds, fibers, and bioactive polysaccharides. • Okra products decline oxidative stress in diabetes due to their antioxidant compounds. • Okra products decrease blood glucose and lipid profile through soluble fibers and inhibition of digestive enzymes. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a prevalent endocrine disorder with clinical manifestations of hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia due to malfunction and/ or insufficiency of insulin in the body. DM is considered as a public health problem worldwide due to its adverse effects on the body. Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) is an annual medicinal plant rich in antioxidant components, bioactive polysaccharides, and fibers. This systematic review aimed to summarize the effects of okra on glycemic indices and lipid profile. PubMed, Scopus, Web of Knowledge, and Google scholar databases were searched until May 2021 with no limitation. Totally, 54 studies which investigated the effects of okra on glycemic control and lipid profile were included in the present systematic review. Most of the included studies showing favorable effects of okra products on glycemic variables and lipid profile, were performed on animal models. Therefore, more clinical trials are needed for a definitive conclusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To evaluate a formulation from the milky mangrove tree Excoecaria agallocha L. ( E. agallocha ) against Helicoverpa armigera Hubner (H. armigera) . Methods About 3% aqueous ethanolic spray formulation derived from the lipophilic extract of E. agallocha (dry leaf) was evaluated against H. armigera in Abelmoschus esculentus (lady's finger) and Cajanus cajan (C. cajan) (pigeon pea), under field conditions. Results On the 9th day of the 4th spray the larval count in the plot treated with 3% E. agallocha formulation drastically came down to 0.23 larva/plant, compared to 1.63 in the ethanol control plot and 1.60 in the unsprayed plot. Blocks sprayed with 3% E. agallocha formulation yielded 35.8 quintals/hectare (q/ha) of healthy pods compared to Ekalux® (pod yield: 60.7 q/ha), 3% Vijay Neem® (60.22 q/ha), yield plot (6 q/ha) and ethanol control (7 q/ha). In C. cajan , 1% E. agallocha , 3% Nimbecidine® and 0.07% indoxacarb were equally potent in reducing the larval population of H. armigera and the non-target pest Spilosoma obliqua to 0%, from the 9th day (3rd spray). Indoxacarb plot recorded the maximum yield of 16.1 q/ha with 2.4% pod damage. Plots sprayed with 1% E. agallocha yielded 14.7 q/ha with 2.32% pod damage. The effect of 3% Nimbecidine® spray (14.35 q/ha) was comparable to E. agallocha formulation. Unsprayed and ethanol control plots yielded 12.41 and 11.2 q/ha of pods with an average pod damage of 4.7%. Conclusions E. agallocha formulation was found to be promising for the control of H. armigera , under field conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Objective: To provide in vitro evidence for antidiabetic activity through potential inhibition of α -glucosidase and α -amylase enzymes using the aqueous extracts of Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench. (A. esculentus) peel (AAPP) and seed (AASP). Methods: The peel and seed of okra was dried under shade and powdered. The powdered peel and seed were used for the preparing the aqueous extract. The aqueous extract (AAPP and AASP) were used for the in vitro study. Results: The AAPP and AASP showed appreciable α -glucosidase [IC50 = (142.69 ± 0.32) μg/mL and (150.47 ± 0.28) μg/mL] and α -amylase [(IC50 = (132.63 ± 0.16) μg/mL and (147.23 ± 0.21) μg/mL] inhibitory effect in a concentration-dependent manner. Thus the present study confirms the hypoglycemic effect in the AAPP and AASP aqueous extracts of A. esculentus. Conclusions: The present study results, gives a clear evidence that A. esculentus has antidiabetic activity. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]